Citizenship: NBSE Class 11 (Arts) Political Science answers, notes

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Here, you will find summaries, questions, answers, textbook solutions, pdf, extras etc. of (Nagaland Board) NBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 3: Citizenship. These solutions, however, should be only treated as references and can be modified/changed. 

Introduction

Citizenship, as defined by T.H. Marshall, is “full and equal membership of a community,” where ‘community’ refers to a ‘political community’, i.e., a State. This legal status bestows upon individuals “equal rights and duties, liberties and constraints, powers and responsibilities.” The term ‘Citizen’ refers to a person “who is a member of some State and enjoys therein full rights, civil, political as well as socio-economic.”

In India, citizenship can be acquired by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation, and inclusion of territory. The Indian Constitution makes no distinction between natural-born citizens and naturalised citizens. In fact, naturalised citizens are eligible for all offices under the Constitution, including the offices of the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, and Governor.

However, citizenship can be lost in several ways, such as continuous residence outside the country, disloyalty and offences against the state, acquisition of another citizenship, and marriage to an alien.

The chapter also discusses the concept of Global Citizenship, which has become increasingly relevant in our interconnected world. It argues that unless states work together, they cannot overcome many problems, such as poverty, hunger, disease, and violation of human rights. This is particularly relevant for refugees or persons who have become stateless.

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) plays a crucial role in this context, supervising the arrangements for the protection of refugees and seeking durable solutions to their difficulties. The chapter argues for the need for an International Agreement on Migration, which would bind nations to grant some basic social and legal rights to all migrants and refugees.

Textual questions and answers

A. Long answer questions

1. What is Citizenship? What does the phrase “full and equal membership of a community or State” mean?

Answer: According to T.H. Marshall, citizenship is defined as “full and equal membership of a community.” The term ‘community’ here refers to a ‘political community’, i.e., a State. Citizenship denotes a legal status of an individual, bestowing upon them “equal rights and duties, liberties and constraints, powers and responsibilities.” The term ‘Citizen’ refers to a person “who is a member of some State and enjoys therein full rights, civil, political as well as socio-economic”.

The phrase “full and equal membership of a community” denotes an ideal condition. It is a principle of Equality. Therefore, factors such as race, caste, sex, property, or educational factors should not determine the rights a citizen has. The importance of “full membership” is evident from the destiny of those who suffered from deprivation of political and civil rights. For instance, South Africa was once a racist regime where Blacks and Indians were not allowed to live in the areas occupied by the ruling White minority (about 15 per cent of the population). Today, it is a free country.

2. What are the legal provisions with regard to the acquisition of Citizenship in India?

Answer: The legal provisions with regard to the acquisition of Citizenship in India are as follows:

• A person must not be a Citizen of a State which debars Indians from becoming citizens of that country by naturalisation. 
• He must renounce the Citizenship of the country to which he belonged. iii. He should have either resided in India or should have been in the governmenat service in India for one year immediately before the date of his application for naturalisation.
• During the seven years preceding the above mentioned one year he should have resided in India or should have been in the government service in India for a period not less than four years.
• He should be of good character.
• He should have an adequate knowledge of a language specified in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. 

3. What factors forced people to leave their own country and become Refugees in the neighbouring countries? What problems are being faced by such people as these?

Answer: The factors that forced people to leave their own country and become Refugees in the neighbouring countries are:

• People were persecuted or oppressed for reasons of race, religion or political beliefs. They were forced to live outside the country of their nationality. For fear of cruel treatment, they are unwilling to return to their homelands.
• Natural calamities, such as tsunami (high sea waves caused by an earthquake), drought and famine make thousands of people homeless. They are not wanted in the country where they are staying.
• Many people are forced to leave their country because there is a War. There is a massive influx of refugees into the neighbouring countries in the course of a War. Thousands of people became refugees because of ISIS killings in Iraq and Syria in recent times. They were forced to leave their own country and seek asylum in Turkey, Spain, France and Germany.
• Many a time some crooked travel agents smuggled Asians and Africans into Europe, America or Canada under fictitious visa.

People who have been made Stateless had to face many problems. They cannot purchase property and may not find a job. The security of refugees rests on being granted asylum. The International Law says that no person should be forced to return to a country where his life or freedom may be threatened for reasons of race, religion or political beliefs. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) supervises the arrangements for the protection of refugees. The Commissioner is responsible for seeking durable solutions to the refugees’ difficulties.

4. What are the arguments in favour of the concept of Global Citizens?
Or
How can the concept of Global Citizenship help Refugees and Stateless persons?

Answer: The arguments in favour of the concept of Global Citizens are:

We live in an Interconnected World: Because of a revolution in technology (e-mail facilities, computers and aircrafts flying at supersonic speed) people and news can reach every corner of the world within no time. Since we watch accidents such as earthquakes or air crash on the television screens, we naturally develop feelings of sympathy for those who suffered. This gives us a picture of Global Society, which led Political Scientists to develop the concept of Global Citizenship.

Unless States worked together they cannot overcome many Problems: The governments are still trying to overcome many problems, such as poverty, hunger and disease. Today many international organisations are providing disaster relief and are attempting to check the spread of diseases like Bird flu or AIDS. Besides, mankind is faced with problems like violation of human rights. If work is done by several Governments co-operatively, we can better deal with the problems faced by Refugees or persons who became Stateless.

B. Short answer questions

5. What is meant by Double Nationality?

Answer: Double Nationality is a situation that may arise when two principles of citizenship are followed simultaneously, the principle of Blood Relationship and the principle of the Place of Birth. For instance, if a French couple goes to England and there a child is born to them, then the child will have double nationality. He will be a citizen of France because of his blood relationship and a citizen of England because of his place of birth.

6. How is Citizenship lost in India?

Answer: Loss of citizenship in India may happen in many ways:

Continuous Residence Outside the Country: The right to citizenship is lost by continuous residence outside the country. Period of absence from the country varies from State to State. Continuous residence outside India for a period of seven years, without expressing his intention to return, would result in the termination of Citizenship in India.

Disloyalty and Offences Against the State: Citizenship can be terminated on account of treason or disloyalty or disaffection towards the country, desertion from the army or commission of heinous crimes.

Acquisition of Another Citizenship: If a person voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country he ceases to be a citizen of the country that he belonged to earlier.

Marriage: When a woman marries an alien, she by that very fact becomes the citizen of her husband’s country.

C. Very short answer questions

7. Give two instances to show that South frica had a political system in which people were divided into racial groups and kept apart by law.

Answer: South Africa was once a racist regime. Blacks and Indians were not allowed to live in the areas occupied by the ruling White minority (about 15 per cent of the population).

8. What is the main function of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)?

Answer: The main function of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is to supervise the arrangements for the protection of refugees. The Commissioner is responsible for seeking durable solutions to the refugees’ difficulties.

D. Multiple Choice Questions: Tick (✓) the correct answer.

9. Which of the following statements about an Alien is true?

Answer: (b) An Alien shall have protection for his person and property in the State where he resides.

10. Which of the following statements about a Naturalised Citizen in India is true?

Answer: (d) Naturalised Citizens are eligible for all offices under the Constitution. 

Value-based question

The Sikh schoolboys in France were required not to wear turbans and wear only school uniform at schools. Were school authorities justified in giving such orders in view of the fact that a democratic country should respect cultural identity of each and every particular community?

Answer: In a democratic country, the cultural identity of each community should indeed be respected. This includes the right to express one’s cultural and religious beliefs, such as the wearing of a turban by Sikh individuals. The principle of equality suggests that no individual should be discriminated against based on their race, religion, or cultural practices.

However, it’s also important to consider the reasons behind the school authorities’ decision. If the intention was to promote unity and prevent potential discrimination or bullying within the school environment, their decision could be seen as well-intentioned, albeit controversial.

Thus, while the school authorities may have had their reasons, it’s crucial to strike a balance between maintaining order and respecting cultural diversity. In a truly democratic society, policies should be inclusive and respectful of all cultural identities.

Additional/extra questions and answers

1. Define ‘Citizenship’ as given by T.H. Marshall. 

Answer: Citizenship, as defined by T.H. Marshall, is “full and equal membership of a community”. By ‘community’, he meant ‘political community’, i.e. State. It bestows upon individuals “equal rights and duties, liberties and constraints, powers and responsibilities.” 

2. How does a ‘Citizen’ differ from an ‘Alien’? 

Answer: A ‘Citizen’ refers to a person who is a member of a State and enjoys therein full rights, civil, political as well as socio-economic, in return for the allegiance and loyalty which he/she owes to it. On the other hand, an ‘Alien’ is a person who lives in a State where he/she does not hold citizenship. They must obey the laws of the State and have protection for their person and property, yet they remain a foreigner, not having the full rights a citizen would have. 

3. Who are ‘Stateless Persons’ and what rights do they possess? 

Answer: Stateless persons are individuals who are not recognized as citizens by any country. They have only those rights which aliens have in a particular state. This means they are afforded protection for their person and property in the State where they reside and must abide by the laws of the land. However, they do not enjoy the full rights, civil, political as well as socio-economic, that a citizen of the State would have. 

Q. Explain the principle of Equality as it applies to Citizenship. 

Answer: The principle of Equality as it applies to Citizenship is that a citizen’s race, caste, sex, property or educational factors should not determine the rights which a citizen has. In other words, every citizen, regardless of their individual characteristics or background, should enjoy the same rights and obligations as every other citizen. This is the cornerstone of the notion of “full and equal membership of a community” that underlies the concept of citizenship. 

Q. Discuss the characteristic features of a Citizen. 

Answer: A Citizen has several characteristic features: 

• Full and equal membership of a State: This means that citizens are part of their political community or state with equal status and rights. 
• Possession of civil, political, and social rights: These rights ensure their participation in state affairs, and include rights like freedom of speech, the right to vote, and access to social services. 
• Correlation of rights with duties and functions: For instance, a citizen may have the duty to defend the country and render national service when required. 
• Emphasis on social duties and moral responsibilities: This idea of ‘Active Citizenship’ emphasizes duties like protecting and improving the natural environment, and parents’ duty to provide education opportunities to their children. 
• Distinction from ‘aliens’ and ‘subjects’: Citizens differ from these groups because they are full members of their political community or state. 

Q. How does the concept of ‘nationality’ relate to citizenship, with reference to the example of identifying as Indians or British? 

Answer: Nationality, as it relates to citizenship, refers to the particular national identity that we possess due to the rights and duties conferred on us by a specific country. For instance, when we identify ourselves as Indians or British, we’re acknowledging the rights and duties we have as citizens of India or Britain. These rights and duties are a product of our citizenship status in these nations, and they are what distinguish us as citizens of these countries rather than as aliens or stateless persons. Our national identity, in essence, is a manifestation of our citizenship status. It defines our relationship with the state and how we interact with its institutions and laws. 

Q. Discuss how the importance of “full membership” was highlighted in the historical context of South Africa. 

Answer: The importance of “full membership” can be understood from the historical context of South Africa, which was once a racist regime. During this time, the majority Black and Indian populations were not allowed to live in the areas occupied by the ruling White minority, which constituted about 15% of the population. The deprivation of political and civil rights for these populations served as a stark reminder of what can occur when full citizenship is denied to a segment of a nation’s residents. Today, South Africa is a free country, illustrating the transformative power of granting full and equal membership to all residents, regardless of their race. Full citizenship, including political and civil rights, is therefore crucial in building a just and equal society. 

Q. What are the two principles that define natural born citizenship? 

Answer: The two principles defining natural born citizenship are the principle of ‘Blood Relationship’ and the principle of ‘Place of Birth.’ 

Q. Could you elaborate on the principle of ‘Blood Relationship’ in the context of natural born citizenship? 

Answer: The principle of ‘Blood Relationship’, or Jus Sanguinis, in the context of natural born citizenship, implies that a child acquires the citizenship of his or her parents, irrespective of where the birth takes place. Many countries like Austria, France, and Italy adhere to this principle. 

Q. Can you provide a detailed explanation of the principle of ‘Place of Birth’ and how it influences citizenship? 

Answer: The principle of ‘Place of Birth’, or Jus Soli, dictates that the place of birth is the decisive factor in determining citizenship. According to this principle, an individual born within the territory of a particular state is considered a citizen of that state, regardless of the nationalities of his or her parents. The laws of citizenship in several countries, including the United States, are largely based on this principle. 

Q. What does double nationality mean and how does it occur? Give an example. 

Answer: Double nationality, also known as dual citizenship, occurs when an individual holds citizenships of two countries concurrently. This can occur when a country’s laws follow both the principles of ‘Blood Relationship’ and ‘Place of Birth’. For instance, in the United Kingdom and the United States, these principles are followed. As a result, a child born to French parents in England would have dual citizenship – French citizenship by ‘Blood Relationship’ and British citizenship by ‘Place of Birth’. Such individuals are often given a choice to select their preferred citizenship upon reaching adulthood. 

Q. Can you outline the ways through which one can acquire the status of a Naturalised Citizen? 

Answer: The status of a Naturalised Citizen can typically be acquired through various means: 

• Residing in the foreign country for a specified period, 
• Marrying a citizen of that foreign country, 
• Purchasing real estate in that country, 
• Being in the service of the foreign government, and 
• Taking an oath of allegiance to that country. Additionally, when a country annexes another territory, the citizens of the annexed territory automatically acquire the nationality of the annexing country. 

Q. What is the Citizenship Act, 1955 in India and what does it contain? 

Answer: The Citizenship Act, 1955 in India contains detailed provisions regarding the acquisition and termination of Indian citizenship. The Act specifies that individuals domiciled and born in India at the time of the commencement of the Constitution became Indian nationals. It also allows for people who migrated from Pakistan to become Indian Citizens if they satisfy certain conditions. The Act outlines five ways to acquire Indian citizenship – by birth, descent, registration, naturalisation, and inclusion of territory. 

Q. Explain the conditions for citizenship by naturalisation in India as per the Citizenship Act, 1955. 

Answer: As per the Citizenship Act, 1955, aliens and stateless persons who are not minors or of unsound mind may become citizens of India through naturalisation if they satisfy certain conditions: 

• The individual must not be a citizen of a country that debars Indians from acquiring citizenship through naturalisation. 
• The individual must renounce the citizenship of his or her country of origin. 
• The individual should have resided in India or have been in the service of the Indian government for at least one year immediately preceding the application for naturalisation. 

Q. What are the prerequisites for a person to be granted citizenship under the Citizenship Act? 

Answer: Under the Citizenship Act, a person needs to meet several requirements to be granted citizenship. Firstly, during the seven years before applying, he should have resided in India or been in the government service in India for a period not less than four years. Secondly, he should be of good character. Lastly, he should have an adequate knowledge of a language specified in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. However, the conditions related to “residence” or “knowledge of a language specified in the Eighth Schedule” may be waived for a person who has rendered distinguished service to the cause of science, philosophy, art, literature, world peace or human progress generally. 

Q. Does the Indian Constitution distinguish between citizens by birth and naturalised citizens? 

Answer: No, the Indian Constitution makes no distinction between the two classes of citizens: those by birth and those who are naturalised citizens. In India, naturalised citizens are eligible for all offices under the Constitution, such as offices of the President, Vice President, Prime Minister and Governor. 

Q. How can a person lose their Indian citizenship? 

Answer: A person can lose their Indian citizenship in several ways. Firstly, they lose the right to citizenship by continuous residence outside India for a period of seven years, without expressing his intention to return. Secondly, citizenship can be terminated on account of treason or disloyalty or disaffection towards the country, desertion from the army or commission of heinous crimes. Thirdly, if a person voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country he ceases to be a citizen of the country that he belonged to earlier. Lastly, when a woman marries an alien, she by that very fact becomes the citizen of her husband’s country. 

Q. What is global citizenship? 

Answer: Global citizenship refers to the concept where all states have well-defined boundaries and people living within their territories claim that they legally belong to those states.

Q. What are some of the reasons that force people to become refugees? 

Answer: Some of the reasons people become refugees include persecution or oppression due to race, religion or political beliefs, forcing them to live outside their country of nationality. Natural calamities like tsunamis, droughts, and famines also displace many, causing them to be unwelcome in their current countries. War is another factor that forces massive influxes of refugees into neighbouring countries. Furthermore, unscrupulous travel agents also smuggle individuals from Asia and Africa into Europe, America, or Canada under fictitious visas, increasing the number of illegal immigrants. 

Q. How do countries typically respond to the requests for citizenship by refugees and stateless people? 

Answer: The response to requests for citizenship by refugees and stateless people is generally negative. The conditions laid down for granting citizenship vary from country to country. However, the authorities in most countries, particularly those that are rich and prosperous, often resist an influx of migrants into their territories. The granting of citizenship to large numbers of people can lead to administrative, economic, and security problems. 

Q. What are some of the problems faced by stateless people and refugees, and how does international law attempt to protect them? 

Answer: Stateless people and refugees face several problems including the inability to purchase property and difficulty finding employment. International Law, however, provides some protection, stating that no person should be forced to return to a country where their life or freedom may be threatened due to race, religion, or political beliefs. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is responsible for overseeing arrangements for refugee protection and for seeking lasting solutions to refugees’ problems. 

Q. What are some arguments in favour of global citizenship? 

Answer: There are several arguments in favour of global citizenship. Firstly, we live in an interconnected world where technological advancements such as email, computers, and supersonic aircraft allow for rapid communication and global awareness. Secondly, governments alone cannot address many problems such as poverty, hunger, and disease. Today, many international organizations provide disaster relief and attempt to combat diseases like bird flu or AIDS. Also, issues like human rights violations are global problems that require a cooperative approach. Global citizenship could facilitate cooperative work between governments, which could be particularly effective in addressing problems faced by refugees or stateless individuals. 

23. Why is there a need for an International Agreement on Migration and what would be its impact? 

Answer: There is a need for an International Agreement on Migration because sentiments associated with nation-states are so strong that the ideal of Global Citizenship may not be immediately realizable. Such an agreement should obligate nations to grant basic social and legal rights to all migrants and refugees. This would lead to large-scale poverty reduction and development, demonstrating the enormous potential benefits of a coordinated international approach to the challenge of migration.

Additional/extra MCQs

1. What is the term used for a person who is not a citizen of any country? 

A. Alien B. Foreigner C. Stateless Person D. Non-Citizen 

Answer: C. Stateless Person 

2. According to T.H. Marshall, what does ‘community’ in the context of ‘citizenship’ mean? 

A. Society B. Political Community C. Nationality D. Ethnicity 

Answer: B. Political Community 

3. Who are considered to be ‘Aliens’? 

A. Citizens of another country living in the host country B. Stateless persons C. Local residents D. Immigrants with citizenship 

Answer: A. Citizens of another country living in the host country 

Q. What factors should not determine the rights of a citizen, according to the principle of Equality? 

A. Race, caste, sex, property or educational factors B. Religion, nationality, age, property or occupational factors C. Age, sex, ethnicity, property or income level D. Race, religion, language, occupation or income level 

Answer: A. Race, caste, sex, property or educational factors 

Q. What kinds of rights does a citizen possess? 

A. Civil, political and social B. Economic, social and cultural C. Fundamental, legal and constitutional D. Natural, legal and political 

Answer: A. Civil, political and social 

Q. Which of the following represents ‘Active Citizenship’? 

A. Duty to vote B. Duty to obey laws C. Duty to protect and improve the natural environment D. Duty to pay taxes 

Answer: C. Duty to protect and improve the natural environment 

Q. What is the duty of parents as part of ‘Active Citizenship’? 

A. To provide food and shelter B. To provide opportunities for education C. To instill good manners D. To provide healthcare 

Answer: B. To provide opportunities for education 

Q. How do citizens differ from aliens and subjects? 

A. By nationality B. By rights and duties C. By full membership of their political community or state D. By residence status 

Answer: C. By full membership of their political community or state 

Q. What was the percentage of the ruling White minority in South Africa during the racist regime? 

A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 25% 

Answer: B. 15% 

Q. What is the term used for “full and equal membership of a community”? 

A. Nationality B. Residence C. Citizenship D. Ethnicity 

Answer: C. Citizenship 

Q. Which two principles define natural born citizenship? 

A. Birth and Descent B. Birth and Residence C. Blood Relationship and Place of Birth D. Blood Relationship and Marriage 

Answer: C. Blood Relationship and Place of Birth 

Q. What principle of citizenship is followed by Austria, France, and Italy? 

A. Principle of Birth B. Principle of Blood Relationship C. Principle of Naturalisation D. Principle of Marriage 

Answer: B. Principle of Blood Relationship 

Q. Which countries practice both the principle of ‘Blood Relationship’ and ‘Place of Birth’, potentially leading to cases of double nationality? 

A. France and Italy B. Austria and France C. Britain and the United States D. United States and Italy 

Answer: C. Britain and the United States 

Q. According to the ‘Place of Birth’ principle, a person born within the territory of a particular state is considered a citizen of that state, irrespective of what? 

A. His/Her Race B. His/Her Religion C. His/Her Parents’ Nationality D. His/Her Marital Status 

Answer: C. His/Her Parents’ Nationality 

Q. What are some ways through which an alien can become a naturalised citizen? 

A. Through Blood Relationship B. By Place of Birth C. By Purchasing Real Estate D. By Becoming a Minor 

Answer: C. By Purchasing Real Estate 

Q. When a country annexes another territory, who acquire the nationality of the annexing country? 

A. The Leaders B. The Soldiers C. The Citizens D. The Visitors 

Answer: C. The Citizens 

Q. Which Act in India contains provisions regarding the acquisition and termination of Indian citizenship? 

A. The Constitution Act, 1950 B. The Citizenship Act, 1955 C. The Annexation Act, 1955 D. The Residence Act, 1955 

Answer: B. The Citizenship Act, 1955 

Q. What are the five ways of acquiring citizenship in India as per the Citizenship Act, 1955? 

A. By Birth, by Descent, by Marriage, by Naturalisation, by Inclusion of Territory B. By Birth, by Descent, by Registration, by Naturalisation, by Inclusion of Territory C. By Birth, by Descent, by Registration, by Marriage, by Naturalisation D. By Birth, by Descent, by Registration, by Purchase of Estate, by Naturalisation 

Answer: B. By Birth, by Descent, by Registration, by Naturalisation, by Inclusion of Territory 

Q. According to the Citizenship Act, 1955, who can apply for Indian citizenship by naturalisation? 

A. Minors B. People of Unsound Mind C. Stateless Persons D. Citizens of Other Countries 

Answer: C. Stateless Persons 

Q. One of the conditions for applying for Indian citizenship by naturalisation is that the individual should have been in the service of which country’s government? 

A. The Country of Origin B. Any Foreign Country C. The Country of Desired Citizenship D. A Neighbouring Country 

Answer: C. The Country of Desired Citizenship 

Q. For how many years should a person have resided in India or have been in government service in India before applying for citizenship? 

A. Three years B. Four years C. Five years D. Seven years 

Answer: B. Four years 

Q. According to the Citizenship Act, which Schedule of the Constitution specifies the languages that a person should have adequate knowledge of for citizenship? 

A. Fifth Schedule B. Sixth Schedule C. Seventh Schedule D. Eighth Schedule 

Answer: D. Eighth Schedule 

Q. Can the conditions related to “residence” or “knowledge of a language specified in the Eighth Schedule” be waived for a person? 

A. Yes, for a person who has rendered distinguished service to the cause of science, philosophy, art, literature, world peace or human progress generally. B. No, these conditions cannot be waived. C. Yes, for a person who has lived in India for more than ten years. D. Yes, for a person who has a relative who is an Indian citizen. 

Answer: A. Yes, for a person who has rendered distinguished service to the cause of science, philosophy, art, literature, world peace or human progress generally. 

Q. Can a naturalised citizen hold the office of the President in India? 

A. Yes B. No C. Only if they have been a citizen for more than ten years. D. Only if they were born in India. 

Answer: A. Yes 

Q. What period of continuous residence outside India without expressing intention to return results in termination of Citizenship in India? 

A. Five years B. Six years C. Seven years D. Eight years 

Answer: C. Seven years 

Q. Can citizenship be terminated on account of desertion from the army? 

A. Yes B. No C. Only in cases of treason. D. Only if the person is also convicted of a heinous crime. 

Answer: A. Yes 

Q. If a person voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country, does he cease to be a citizen of the previous country? 

A. Yes B. No C. Only if the new country is not in the Commonwealth. D. Only if the person renounces their previous citizenship. 

Answer: A. Yes 

Q. When a woman marries a foreigner, does she automatically become a citizen of her husband’s country? 

A. Yes B. No C. Only if she applies for citizenship. D. Only if her husband is a naturalised citizen. 

Answer: A. Yes 

Q. Does the Indian Constitution differentiate between citizens by birth and naturalised citizens? 

A. Yes B. No C. Only in cases of holding public offices. D. Only in cases of revocation of citizenship. 

Answer: B. No 

Q. Can the termination of Indian citizenship occur due to disloyalty towards the country? 

A. Yes B. No C. Only in cases of military treason. D. Only in cases of criminal convictions. 

Answer: A. Yes 

Q. What name is given to those who are forced to leave their country due to persecution, natural calamities, or war? 

A. Immigrants B. Emigrants C. Refugees D. Expatriates 

Answer: C. Refugees 

Q. What kind of natural disaster is a tsunami? 

A. Drought B. Famine C. High sea wave D. Cyclone 

Answer: C. High sea wave 

Q. Which countries saw a massive influx of refugees due to ISIS killings? 

A. Iran and Afghanistan B. Turkey and Italy C. Iraq and Syria D. France and Germany 

Answer: C. Iraq and Syria 

Q. Which country did the Dalai Lama and thousands of Tibetans seek refuge in 1959? 

A. China B. Nepal C. Bhutan D. India 

Answer: D. India 

Q. Who is responsible for seeking durable solutions to the refugees’ difficulties? 

A. United Nations Security Council B. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees C. International Red Cross D. International Court of Justice 

Answer: B. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 

Q. What is the concept developed by Political Scientists due to our interconnected world and the need for global cooperation? 

A. Interconnected Politics B. Global Governance C. Global Citizenship D. Global Democracy 

Answer: C. Global Citizenship 

Q. Which international organizations are providing disaster relief and trying to check the spread of diseases like Bird flu or AIDS? 

A. National NGOs B. Private Companies C. Local Community Groups D. International Organisations 

Answer: D. International Organisations 

Q. What kind of agreement could bind nations to grant basic social and legal rights to all migrants and refugees? 

A. Global Health Agreement B. International Climate Agreement C. International Agreement on Migration D. International Education Agreement 

Answer: C. International Agreement on Migration 

39. Where were large numbers of Bangladeshis illegally immigrating to, upsetting the demographic character of those places? 

A. Punjab, Haryana B. Kamrup, Dhubri, Goalpara, Nalbari districts of Assam C. Tamil Nadu, Kerala D. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar 

Answer: B. Kamrup, Dhubri, Goalpara, Nalbari districts of Assam 

40. What are stateless people often unable to do due to their status? 

A. Start businesses B. Attend school C. Purchase property D. Travel abroad 

Answer: C. Purchase property