Concept of Discipline and Freedom: NBSE Class 11 Education

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Here, you will find summaries, questions, answers, textbook solutions, pdf, extras etc. of (Nagaland Board) NBSE Class 11 Education Chapter 9: Concept of Discipline and Freedom. These solutions, however, should be only treated as references and can be modified/changed. 

Introduction

Discipline is a cornerstone of both educational institutions and societal structures. It is an essential tool that fosters growth, development, and harmony in various aspects of life.

In the realm of education, discipline serves as a foundation for achieving educational goals and fostering holistic development among students. It is a vital element that should be instilled in learners from their early years. By doing so, we are nurturing future citizens who are responsible, respectful, and ready to contribute positively to their communities. Schools often face challenges such as bullying, cheating, and other forms of indiscipline. Addressing these issues requires a careful examination of their root causes. It’s important to note that punishment is not the ultimate solution to indiscipline. Instead, the focus should be on reform and the cultivation of good habits, which leads to disciplined and well-behaved students.

In the broader context of social life, discipline plays an equally significant role. The harmony and happiness of a society largely depend on the discipline of its members. A disciplined society is one that progresses and thrives, with its members contributing to its happiness and peace. Discipline is also crucial in maintaining peace and progress in government administration. It ensures that individuals obey rules and regulations, leading to an orderly and well-functioning society.

In the family setting, discipline is key to maintaining peace and happiness. It helps in setting boundaries and ensuring respect among family members. A disciplined family is likely to be a happy family.

However, it’s important to remember that discipline is not about imposing strict rules and fostering fear. It’s about cultivating a mindset that recognizes the importance of order, respect, and responsibility. It’s about developing a culture where individuals understand their roles and responsibilities and act accordingly.

Textual questions and answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is Discipline?

Answer: The refinement or improvement or civilizing of both individual and society is known as discipline.

2. What is the derivative meaning of the word discipline?

Answer: The derivative meaning of the word discipline is “instructions to disciples”.

3. What do you understand by the term ‘Reward’?

Answer: Reward is to give recognition to someone for a good deed. Reward can be defined as lauding for special merit.

4. What is the attitude of modern educators towards punishment?

Answer: Modern educators do not encourage punishment, especially corporal punishment. Punishment does more harm than reforming the wrongdoers.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain Discipline in its narrow sense. 

Answer: Discipline is obedience to the orders given by an authority in a narrow sense. It is obedience. It is the obedience or adherence to rules “or orders of the seniors”. Here the personal views of an individual are not taken into consideration.

2. Discuss Discipline in its wide sense.

Answer: Discipline is refinement of one’s natural inclination for the well-being of the self and society in a wide sense. The individual willingly sacrifices his own desire for the betterment of his society/school/family/nation.

3. What is positive discipline?

Answer: To regulate one’s thought and behaviour for the happiness of oneself and other members of the society is known as Positive Discipline. Positive Discipline ensures caring for the happiness of others in the society, in other words, positive discipline means that the happiness of the self and society are inseparable. It is a positive attitude.

4. Explain the negative discipline.

Answer: Negative Discipline is harmful for the happiness of others living in the society. Self happiness without caring for the happiness of others is like destroying the well-being of other members of the society. It is pleasure for the self at the cost of others’ pleasure in the society.

5. What do you understand by internal discipline?

Answer: Internal discipline is a restraint that one imposes upon oneself for achieving one’s own goals in life. It is self direction or self control. Since one imposes the restrictions voluntarily, it becomes easier for the person to follow them.

6. Explain the concept of external discipline.

Answer: External discipline refers to the obedience or adherence to rules, orders or commands imposed by an external authority. It involves conforming to the expectations of others rather than one’s own desires.

7. Discuss the concept of free discipline.

Answer: No interference in the actions or no control over the behaviour of an individual by an outsider is called Free Discipline. The concept of free discipline is an off shoot of the protest that grew up against authoritarian and traditional views of discipline. When there is no interference from teachers in school, parents at home and others in the society, on the behaviours and action of an individual, it is known as Free Discipline.

8. What is the concept freedom?

Answer: Freedom is liberty. Freedom is the right to say what you think, live the way you want and make your own decision without being controlled by any external forces living or non-living. Freedom is connected, to one’s conscience. When one is at liberty to do what one feels right according to ones conscience, then the person is a free man.

9. Explain the role of rewards in the early years of one’s education.

Answer: In early years, frequent rewards were used as a means to inspire and motivate young ones for learning. At higher stages of learning, students should be motivated without giving awards frequently. The role of rewards is significant in the early days of one’s education. Rewards do motivate a person for doing positive deeds. Rewards are a great source of inspiration.

10. Define punishment.

Answer: Punishment is just the opposite of reward. Punishment is the traditional system applied to maintain law, order and discipline.

11. What is punishment according to Raymond?

Answer: According to Raymond, “Punishment is the intentional infliction of pain of some sort as a consequence of some special offence against the law.”

12. Name four common forms of punishment in school.

Answer: Four common forms of punishment in schools are – (i) Corporal punishment (ii) Fines (Monetary) (iii) Extra Work (iv) Deprivation of privileges.

13. What do you understand by the term ‘order’?

Answer: For common people, order is discipline or order is synonymous with discipline, but these concepts are quite different from each other. The purpose of order is to secure uniform external behaviour. Order involves the power to control the situation.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the importance of discipline for students.

Answer: Discipline is a base to achieve the goals of education and for all round development among the students. Discipline should be inculcated during the early years in school, it will help the learners to grow into responsible citizens of the nation. Discipline in schools generally means, “Orders and system in doing things, regularity and obedience to commands.” But discipline is not synonymous with maintaining order in a class. It should be identified with orderly behaviour in the classroom and in other forms of school activities. Real discipline implies persuasion while order implies compulsion. It is therefore important that discipline in schools or educational institutions should be maintained for a gradual building up of habits, self-control and co-operation and it must be carried out by pupils, not because it is imposed, but because of the recognition of its necessity and value. So, discipline in educational institution or schools should imply the cultivation of certain desirable attitudes, habits and values in pupils.

2. Discuss the importance of freedom for students.

Answer: Freedom is liberty. Freedom is the right to say what you think, live the way you want and make your own decision without being controlled by any external forces living or non-living. Freedom is connected, to one’s conscience. When one is at liberty to do what one feels right according to ones conscience, then the person is a free man. If someone forces the person to do what he thinks is wrong, then that person is not free in such a case. He does not have any freedom. Freedom means that the person feels devoid of any external compulsion or pressure. It is primarily a psychological condition. Freedom always goes with concrete life situations. We generally say: Freedom of speech, Freedom of writing, Freedom of thought, Freedom of Rights or Political freedom, Financial freedom, Religious freedom in our day to day life. Freedom is much misunderstood and is a misinterpreted concept. For some, freedom is a right to do whatever they feel like doing, but it is not so. You must have some experience about whatever you wish/want to do you must be aware of the consequences of your actions. An individual is not absolutely free. One is born free, but after that one is bound by the chains of family, friends, school, community, society, culture, nation.

3. How is Order different from Discipline?

Answer: Order and discipline are far apart from each other. The power to maintain order is mistaken as power to control discipline. Order aims at securing uniform external behaviour. On the other side discipline comes from a trained inner self, and it results in orderly external behaviour. Order means securing prompt unquestioned obedience to authority and discipline in securing willing obedience to authority. Discipline comes from within, while order comes from external authority. Discipline is always preferable over order. The terms order and discipline are not opposed to each other. They are actually complimentary terms overlapping and interpenetrating each other. A disciplined individual means that one is orderly in one’s behaviour. Can there be any class or society or nation without order? It is order that brings peace. Disorder creates chaos. Therefore, order is a must. But we should keep in mind that order is only a means to achieve discipline. Order, when goes beyond the limits, brings unhappiness and dissatisfaction. Order is based on fear and punishment. Order it is temporary, on the other hand, discipline comes from within and has lasting effects. Discipline becomes a part and parcel of the character of a person.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

1. How important is discipline in schools and social life? Discuss.

Answer: Discipline plays a crucial role in both schools and social life:

In Social Life:

• The happiness and peace of society depend on the discipline of its members. Disciplined members contribute towards happiness, progress, and peace.
• Discipline plays an important role in the upliftment and happiness of society.
• Discipline is extremely necessary for peace and progress in government administration.
• A good sportsman obeys the rules of the game, making the play a pleasant experience for both teams.
• The peace and happiness of the family depend on the discipline maintained by the family members.
• It is the right discipline of members of society which brings peace and happiness.
• A society without discipline is bound to get destroyed. Discipline is the foundation on which the social structure is built.

In Schools:

• Discipline is a base to achieve the goals of education and for all-round development among the students.
• Discipline should be inculcated during the early years in school, it will help the learners to grow into responsible citizens of the nation.
• Most common forms of indiscipline in the schools which the teachers and school authority face are arrogant behaviour of students toward teachers, bullying other students, copying in examination, malpractices in tests, reaching school late, telling lies, stealing, destroying school property, neglecting homework, talking during the class, and truancy.
• This type of indiscipline should be snipped at the bud. There is a need to study the cause of this disorder in behaviour very carefully.
• Punishment is not a solution to indiscipline. A careful study as to why the students resort to such kind of indiscipline should lead us to the root of bad habits among students and thus help us to remove these causes, so that students become disciplined and start behaving properly. Reform is the best remedy.

Additional/extra questions and answers

1. What is the origin and meaning of the term ‘discipline’?

Answer: The term ‘discipline’ is derived from the Latin word “disciplina” which means “instructions to disciples.” It refers to the refinement, improvement, or civilizing of both an individual and society. Essentially, discipline is about learning obedience, that is, the act of following rules for the purpose of orderliness and efficiency.

2. Can you explain the importance of discipline in different spheres of life?

Answer: Discipline is essential in all aspects of life. In a military base, discipline ensures order and adherence to command. In a team of players, discipline guarantees coordination and understanding. In a family, discipline brings harmony and respect. In schools, discipline is key to learning and growth. In a state, discipline ensures law and order. Therefore, discipline is the driving force behind any form of progress or development. A society without discipline is akin to a ship without a captain.

3. What are the narrow and wide meanings of discipline?

Answer: In a narrow sense, discipline is obedience to orders given by an authority. It is about adherence to rules or orders of seniors without taking into consideration the personal views of an individual. This is the restricted interpretation of discipline.

In a broader sense, discipline is about the refinement of one’s natural inclination for the well-being of self and society. This implies that the individual willingly sacrifices his own desires for the betterment of his society, school, family, or nation. This is the wider interpretation of discipline.

4. Could you differentiate between negative and positive discipline?

Answer: Discipline can be of two types: Negative and Positive.

Negative Discipline is harmful for the happiness of others living in the society. It is the pursuit of self-happiness without caring for the happiness of others, which can destroy the well-being of other members of the society. It is, essentially, pleasure for the self at the cost of others’ pleasure in society.

On the other hand, Positive Discipline is about regulating one’s thought and behaviour for the happiness of oneself and other members of the society. Positive Discipline ensures caring for the happiness of others in the society, in other words, it means that the happiness of the self and society are inseparable. It is a positive attitude and is always preferred over negative discipline.

5. Discuss in detail the importance of discipline and its impact on various sectors such as the army, sports teams, family, school, and the state.

Answer: Discipline, derived from the Latin word “disciplina” meaning “instructions to disciples”, is a crucial element in various sectors due to its ability to refine, improve, and civilize both individuals and society.

In the army, discipline ensures that soldiers follow orders and function as a cohesive unit. This obedience is vital to maintain order and efficiency, thus contributing to the effective execution of missions and ultimately to the defense of the nation. A lack of discipline in such a context can lead to chaos and potential failure of operations.

In sports teams, discipline facilitates coordination and cooperation among players. It fosters a sense of teamwork and shared responsibility. Players who adhere to a disciplined routine and follow the game strategy contribute to the success of the team.

In a family setting, discipline cultivates respect and harmony. It establishes order, sets boundaries, and encourages responsible behaviour. Family members learn to respect each other’s space and rights, thereby reducing conflict and fostering a healthy family environment.

In schools, discipline is fundamental for academic success. It helps students to concentrate, complete assignments and projects on time, respect school rules, and maintain a positive learning environment. It prepares them for future challenges by teaching them the importance of adhering to rules and responsibilities.

Lastly, in the context of a state, discipline is synonymous with law and order. A disciplined society respects laws, follows civic duties, and contributes to the smooth functioning of societal institutions. In the absence of discipline, there could be chaos, resulting in a breakdown of social order and governance structures.

Therefore, discipline is like the rudder of a ship, steering different sectors towards their goals and contributing to the overall progress and development of individuals and society.

Q. Explain the two types of discipline – Negative and Positive. Elaborate on their implications on society.

Answer: Discipline, while generally associated with order and obedience, can manifest in two distinct types: Negative Discipline and Positive Discipline. Each of these has different implications on society.

Negative Discipline refers to a situation where an individual pursues their happiness at the expense of others in society. This form of discipline can be detrimental to the well-being of society as a whole. It stems from a disregard for the happiness of others and may lead to discord and disharmony within society. The pursuit of self-pleasure, without considering its impact on others, is essentially destructive. It undermines societal cohesion and mutual respect, leading to conflict and fragmentation. This is why Negative Discipline is often perceived as harmful.

On the other hand, Positive Discipline involves the regulation of one’s thoughts and behaviours for the mutual happiness of oneself and others in society. It is a positive attitude that ensures caring for the happiness of others. It signifies that an individual’s happiness is inseparable from that of society. This form of discipline fosters a sense of community, promoting a harmonious and cooperative social environment. Individuals practicing Positive Discipline willingly sacrifice their personal desires for the collective good, contributing to societal betterment.

Thus, while Negative Discipline promotes selfishness and discord, Positive Discipline encourages communal harmony and mutual respect. It is therefore evident that Positive Discipline is more conducive to the well-being of society and is always preferred over Negative Discipline.

Q. What is Free Discipline?

Answer: Free Discipline refers to the absence of interference in the actions or control over the behaviour of an individual by an outsider. It is characterized by a lack of interference from teachers in school, parents at home and others in the society, on the behaviours and actions of an individual.

Q. What is the significance of ‘Do’ and ‘Do not’ in the concept of Free Discipline?

Answer: In the concept of Free Discipline, ‘Do’ and ‘Do not’ have no place. This implies that individuals are given absolute freedom without any imposed rules or restrictions. The aim is to allow them to behave naturally, without external constraints.

Q. Describe the concept of Internal Discipline.

Answer: Internal discipline is a form of restraint that an individual imposes on oneself in order to achieve personal goals in life. It signifies self-direction or self-control. Since these restrictions are self-imposed, it is easier for the person to follow them. Internal discipline becomes an integral part of life, leading to a more comfortable existence. It is often perceived as the most graceful and virtuous part of one’s life.

Q. How does Internal Discipline differ from Free Discipline?

Answer: Free Discipline and Internal Discipline differ primarily in their origin and focus. Free Discipline is characterized by an absence of external control or interference in an individual’s behavior. The emphasis is on allowing absolute freedom and leaving individuals to their natural tendencies. On the other hand, Internal Discipline involves self-imposed restraints aimed at achieving personal goals. It focuses on self-direction and self-control. Despite the absence of external constraints, Internal Discipline involves personal restrictions that are willingly followed.

Q. What is the concept of Freedom?

Answer: Freedom is the state of liberty where an individual has the right to express opinions, live as they desire, and make their own decisions without being controlled by external forces. It is associated with one’s conscience and signifies the liberty to act according to one’s moral compass. If an individual is forced to act against their conscience, they are not truly free. Freedom is devoid of any external compulsion or pressure. It encompasses various aspects of life such as freedom of speech, writing, thought, rights, as well as political, financial, and religious freedom.

Q. Discuss the common misconceptions about Freedom.

Answer: The concept of freedom is often misunderstood and misinterpreted. Some people believe that freedom means having the right to do whatever they wish. However, this is not accurate. True freedom requires an understanding of the consequences of one’s actions. An individual is not absolutely free. Despite being born free, individuals are bound by various societal factors such as family, friends, school, community, culture, and nation. Therefore, freedom is not about unbridled action but about informed and conscientious decision-making.

Q. Explain the relationship between Free Discipline, Internal Discipline, and Freedom.

Answer: Free Discipline, Internal Discipline, and Freedom are interconnected concepts related to individual behavior and societal norms. Free Discipline refers to a state where there is no external interference in an individual’s actions, granting them the liberty to act naturally. However, such a state rarely exists in its extreme form, as societal norms and responsibilities place certain constraints on an individual’s actions.

Internal Discipline complements this by promoting self-imposed restrictions aimed at achieving personal goals. It embodies self-direction and self-control, thus promoting a virtuous and comfortable life. Freedom, on the other hand, refers to an individual’s right to express their opinions, live according to their wishes, and make their own decisions without any external control. However, true freedom requires an understanding and acceptance of the consequences of one’s actions.

In essence, all three concepts revolve around the theme of personal liberty and control, each with a slightly different emphasis and approach. While Free Discipline and Freedom focus on the absence of external control, Internal Discipline emphasizes self-control. Freedom, while it encompasses the ideas of Free Discipline and Internal Discipline, also stresses the importance of understanding the implications of one’s actions.

Q. What is the purpose of order in society?

Answer: The purpose of order is to secure uniform external behaviour. It involves the power to control the situation with the goal to secure prompt and unquestioned obedience to the authority. It’s imposed from an external authority and comes along with aspects of fear or punishment in cases of nonconformity. In case of order, reasoning or relevance has hardly any place and has to be obeyed at any cost.

Q. How does discipline differ from order?

Answer: Discipline and order are not the same. Discipline comes from a trained inner self and results in orderly external behaviour. It secures willing obedience to authority, in contrast to order, which aims to secure prompt unquestioned obedience. Discipline is always preferable over order because it comes from within, whereas order is imposed by an external authority.

Q. How are order and discipline related?

Answer: The terms order and discipline are not opposed to each other, but are actually complimentary. Order aims at securing uniform external behaviour, while discipline comes from within and results in orderly external behaviour. They overlap and interpenetrate each other. A disciplined individual is orderly in their behaviour. It’s the order that brings peace and prevents chaos, making it a necessary component for a class, society, or nation.

Q. Why is discipline considered superior to order?

Answer: Discipline is considered superior to order because it comes from within and has lasting effects, becoming a part of a person’s character. Order, while necessary for maintaining peace and preventing chaos, is imposed by an external authority and is based on fear and punishment. When order goes beyond limits, it can bring unhappiness and dissatisfaction. It’s considered temporary, unlike discipline which is enduring. Therefore, while order is a must, it should be viewed as a means to achieve discipline, rather than an end in itself.

Q. What is the purpose of a reward?

Answer: The purpose of giving rewards is to stimulate interest and provide an incentive for work. Rewards are given with the intention of developing healthy competition among individuals. When a person is rewarded, it brings them satisfaction and happiness as their action is appreciated. The aim is to encourage people to accomplish positive and desirable actions. In the social context, obeying rules and living in accordance with societal patterns is often rewarded, promoting social acceptance and public respect.

Q. How do culture and civilization control individual behaviour?

Answer: Culture and civilization control individual behaviour through their inherent bondages. An individual is not entirely free to act independently without any regard for society, family, or nation. The norms and expectations set by society, cultural traditions, family values, and national identities all play a part in guiding and shaping an individual’s actions and behaviour. Any deviation from these societal norms often leads to consequences, acting as a form of control over individual behaviour.

Q. What is the role of order in a society or nation?

Answer: The role of order in a society or nation is crucial. It helps in securing uniform external behaviour and prompts unquestioned obedience to authority. Order, imposed from an external authority, aids in controlling situations and preventing chaos. It serves as a foundation for peace and stability in a class, society, or nation. However, it’s important to note that order comes along with aspects of fear or punishment for nonconformity, and it should not exceed the limits that bring unhappiness and dissatisfaction.

Q. How does the concept of reward tie in with discipline and order?

Answer: The concept of reward ties in with discipline and order by serving as an incentive for adherence to both. Rewards stimulate interest and motivation for individuals to maintain discipline and comply with order. This reinforcement not only encourages positive and desirable actions but also promotes a sense of social acceptance and public respect. Rewarding adherence to discipline and order therefore helps to nurture a disciplined and orderly society. It’s a form of positive reinforcement, making individuals more likely to repeat the rewarded behaviour, thus strengthening discipline and respect for order over time.

Q. Define reward and describe its significance in education.

Answer: A reward is a form of recognition given in response to an achievement or positive behavior. It can be immediate or gradual, material or non-material, cash or kind. For instance, a student achieving first position in the class or state may be given a cash award, while another student may be rewarded for studying well by getting an attractive job. In the early years of education, frequent rewards are used as a means to inspire and motivate young ones for learning. The role of rewards is significant in the early days of one’s education as they serve to motivate a person for doing positive deeds. Rewards are a great source of inspiration.

Q. Discuss the traditional system of punishment and its purpose.

Answer: Punishment is just the opposite of reward. It is the traditional system applied to maintain law, order, and discipline. Raymond defines punishment as the “intentional infliction of pain of some sort as a consequence of some special offence against the law.” Individuals who disrespect social norms or law are subjected to punishment, which may be physical or mental. The purposes of punishment are multifaceted. These include reforming the offender, correcting the wrongdoer, preventing others from committing a similar offense, protecting people from offenders, and retaliating the offense done to the victim.

Q. Enumerate and elaborate on the different forms of punishment generally followed in schools.

Answer: In educational institutions, various forms of punishment are used to uphold discipline. These include:

• Corporal punishment: This involves causing physical pain as a form of punishment. It is, however, increasingly considered unethical and illegal in many jurisdictions.
• Fines: This involves imposing monetary penalties on the students who break rules.
• Extra Work: This form of punishment involves assigning extra academic tasks to the offending student.
• Deprivation of marks: This is when students lose marks for their misconduct.
• Deprivation of privileges: Certain privileges or benefits enjoyed by the student could be withdrawn as a form of punishment.
• Detention: This punishment involves requiring the student to remain in school at a specified place beyond school hours.
• Suspension: Suspension is a form of punishment where the student is temporarily not allowed to attend school.
• Expulsion: This is the most severe form of punishment, where the student is permanently removed from the school.

Q. According to Bentham, what principles should guide the administration of punishment?

Answer: According to Bentham, the administration of punishment should follow certain principles or canons.

• Characteristical: The punishment should effectively make the offender realize their mistakes.
• Compensatory: It should repair the damage caused by the offender’s misconduct.
• Economical: The extent of punishment should not exceed what is necessary to make a proper impression on the offender and potential offenders.
• Exemplary: The punishment should serve as a deterrent, both in its nature and application.
• Popular: The general public should have faith in the effectiveness of the punishment.
• Proportionate: The punishment meted out should be proportionate to the severity of the offense committed.
• Reformative: The punishment should aim to curb negative instincts and promote positive ones in the offender.

Q. What is the importance of discipline in life?

Answer: Discipline is an essential part of life. In absence of it, man cannot properly utilize the powers given by nature. Through discipline, man can attain power and by this power, he becomes capable of developing his natural tendencies and a fair sense of judgement.

Q. What role does discipline play in the context of a nation, according to Aristotle?

Answer: According to the great philosopher Aristotle, discipline plays a vital role in the development and progress of a nation. He stated, “A nation is not built by mountains and trees, for withstanding it is built by the character of its citizens”. In other words, if the citizens of a country are disciplined, they would be capable of taking their country on the path of progress.

Q. What happens to a country when it becomes indisciplined? Provide historical instances.

Answer: History has witnessed that when some country became indisciplined, it had to accept slavery of external powers. An indisciplined country is not powerful. Through discipline, a man and the entire society or nation becomes aware. A disciplined nation is one that is powerful and assertive.

Q. Define discipline in the context of educational institutions.

Answer: Discipline in educational institutions generally means, “Orders and system in doing things, regularity and obedience to commands.” But it’s important to note that discipline is not synonymous with maintaining order in a class. It should be identified with orderly behavior in the classroom and in other forms of school activities. Real discipline implies persuasion while order implies compulsion.

Q. Why is discipline important in educational institutions and what does it imply?

Answer: Discipline in schools or educational institutions should be maintained for a gradual building up of habits, self-control and co-operation, and it must be carried out by pupils, not because it is imposed, but because of the recognition of its necessity and value. Discipline in educational institutions should imply the cultivation of certain desirable attitudes, habits and values in pupils.

Q. What are the most important components of discipline in educational institutions?

Answer: Some of the most important components of discipline in educational institutions are deeply rooted in the total school programme and classroom situation. The success or failure of any educational institution depends upon the personality of the head of that educational institution. The head must follow some philosophy of discipline and have some well-grounded fundamental principles guiding how to treat teachers and students. The teacher is another critical component, being the fountain-head of discipline and character formation. A good teacher can solve half the problem of maintaining discipline in schools. Every teacher should be a good disciplinarian, demonstrating qualities of keen insight, patience, sympathy, love, justice, and impartiality.

Q. What are some co-curricular activities that can help develop a sense of self-control and self-confidence in students?

Answer: Some co-curricular activities that can help develop a sense of self-control and self-confidence in students include sports, scouting, N.C.C., social service, and community activities.

Q. How can co-curricular activities contribute to the development of discipline among students?

Answer: Co-curricular activities like sports, scouting, N.C.C., social service, and community activities develop a sense of self-control and self-confidence in students. These are the cornerstones of discipline. Such activities provide practical lessons based on students’ will, fostering social cooperation, respect for authority, and leadership training. These elements can guide students in understanding and implementing true discipline.

Q. How can school traditions impact student behavior and discipline?

Answer: School traditions have a significant impact on student behavior and discipline. The higher and nobler the traditions established by a school, the greater the effort by students and teachers to uphold them. Traditions are passed down from one generation of students to the other, and with proper guidance, students are less likely to undermine the noble traditions set by their predecessors. Upholding these traditions can help maintain a disciplined and respectful learning environment.

Q. How can teaching methods influence discipline in the classroom?

Answer: Appropriate teaching methods can significantly influence discipline in the classroom. Employing the right methods reduces the chances of students becoming indisciplined or going astray. Classroom methods should aim to produce well-adjusted and self-disciplined individuals, while also working towards building high morale. A focus on student engagement, active learning, and positive reinforcement can foster a classroom environment that promotes discipline and respect.

Q. How can self-governance in schools contribute to discipline and the meaningful involvement of students in various activities?

Answer: Self-governance in schools can significantly contribute to discipline and the meaningful involvement of students in various activities. In secondary schools, students should be involved in the administration of discipline as well as in health, sports, dramatics, and other school activities. Such involvement makes their obedience to rules and regulations more real, meaningful, and willing than when imposed by an authority. This creates a sense of ownership and responsibility among students, encouraging them to adhere to rules and engage positively in school activities.

Q. What is the importance of a good school environment in maintaining discipline and facilitating co-curricular activities?

Answer: A good school environment plays a crucial role in maintaining discipline and facilitating co-curricular activities. At the start of a new educational session, every school should prepare its calendar, providing clear insights into the aims, courses of study, administrative rules and regulations, and the plans for curricular and co-curricular activities. This calendar gives students and parents a sense of structure and expectation for the year ahead, ensuring that everyone understands what is expected in terms of behavior, academic work, and participation in activities. Additionally, a well-planned, supportive, and inclusive environment fosters students’ engagement, promoting discipline and positive behaviors.

Q. How can the judicious use of rewards and punishments influence student discipline and motivation?

Answer: The judicious use of rewards and punishments can greatly influence student discipline and motivation. Recognizing and rewarding meritorious and successful efforts encourages positive behavior and academic achievement. However, rewards should not spur unhealthy competition among students, and should be administered in a manner that appeals to the higher motives of students. Similarly, punishments should be used sparingly and thoughtfully, focusing more on teaching the right behavior rather than retribution. Balancing these two aspects fosters a positive learning environment where students are motivated to uphold discipline and strive for success.

Q. How can effective teamwork among school staff impact discipline and role modeling for students?

Answer: Effective teamwork among school staff can greatly impact discipline and role modeling for students. A sense of unity, cooperation, and fellow feeling among the school staff is likely to reflect upon the pupils. Young students closely observe the actions of their teachers and tend to imitate them, for better or worse. Therefore, maintaining discipline, cooperation, and professional conduct among the staff is paramount. This not only creates a positive working environment for the staff but also sets the right example for students, demonstrating the values of respect, cooperation, and discipline, thus fostering a disciplined and productive learning environment.

Q. What should be the base of discipline according to the principles provided?

Answer: The base of discipline should be love, trust and goodwill as fear or doubt-based discipline is temporary.

Q. Why is co-operation considered essential for maintaining good discipline?

Answer: Co-operation is essential for maintaining good discipline because it fosters a positive rapport between principal and teachers, teachers and students, teachers and parents, and parents and students. Without co-operation, maintaining good discipline can be very difficult.

Q. Explain the principle regarding the use of punishment in maintaining discipline.

Answer: According to the principles outlined, punishment should not be used as a primary tool for maintaining discipline. It is suggested that punishment may result in various complexes in the minds of students, potentially leading to an imbalance in their personality. Therefore, it should only be used if a student does not desist from bad habits despite other interventions. This principle emphasizes that discipline should be fostered through positive reinforcement and education rather than fear and punishment.

Q. Discuss the role of creative activities in maintaining discipline in school.

Answer: Incorporating creative activities in the school curriculum plays a crucial role in maintaining discipline. These activities offer a platform for students to express themselves and obtain mental and emotional satisfaction, thereby enhancing their engagement and reducing potential for disruptive behavior. When students are occupied with activities that cater to their interests, they are less likely to deviate from acceptable behaviors, contributing to an overall environment of discipline in the school. This principle underscores the importance of a well-rounded education that takes into account the varying interests and abilities of students.

Q. How can knowledge about the importance of discipline be imparted to children?

Answer: Children can be taught about the importance of discipline not just through discourses using examples of various great persons but through live examples set by the principal and teachers themselves. This way, the school authorities do not merely talk about discipline, but embody it, making it easier for students to grasp the concept and apply it in their own behavior. Additionally, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of discipline, including its benefits and the repercussions of the lack thereof, could also help them realize its significance.

Q. What role do guardians play in maintaining discipline among students?

Answer: Guardians play a significant role in maintaining discipline among students. They should be encouraged to create a harmonious and comfortable family life, as the environment at home significantly influences a child’s behavior in school. If the family life is not appropriate, it can negate the school’s efforts in instilling discipline. Therefore, by using various means, guardians should be motivated to make their family life healthy and adaptable. In doing so, they can foster an environment conducive to their child’s development and adherence to discipline.

Q. Discuss the importance of discipline in social life.

Answer: Discipline is a crucial component of social life as it contributes to happiness, progress, and peace in society. According to philosopher Bertrand Russell, the right discipline does not arise from external compulsion, but from a habit of mind leading spontaneously to desirable activities. Without discipline, governmental administration cannot function efficiently, as it is essential for upholding law and order. Even in a sports scenario, good sportsmanship, which involves adherence to the rules of the game, is a reflection of discipline. Furthermore, family peace and happiness are contingent on the discipline maintained by family members. Hence, discipline is a foundational element in social structure, and its absence could lead to societal destruction.

Q. Describe the role of discipline in various social and institutional settings as per Bertrand Russell’s quote.

Answer: Bertrand Russell’s quote elucidates that the “right discipline” is not enforced externally but is a habit of mind leading spontaneously to desirable activities. This insight is critical in understanding the role of discipline across various societal and institutional contexts. For example, in government administration, discipline is necessary for maintaining peace and progress, and a lack of it could disrupt the orderly functioning of administrative tasks. Similarly, in sports, a good sportsman is one who obeys the rules of the game, which reflects discipline. In the family, peace and happiness depend on the discipline maintained by family members. This extends to educational institutions, where goals are achieved through discipline. Hence, Russell’s understanding of discipline underscores its importance in fostering an environment of peace, happiness, and progress across various social structures, highlighting the destructive potential of a society without discipline.

Q. What is the significance of discipline in schools?

Answer: Discipline forms the foundation for achieving the goals of education and for the all-round development of students. If discipline is instilled in students during their early years in school, it can help them grow into responsible citizens of the nation.

Q. What are some common forms of indiscipline encountered in schools?

Answer: Some of the common forms of indiscipline in schools include:

• Arrogant behaviour of students toward teachers
• Bullying other students
• Copying in examination
• Destroying school property
• Malpractices in tests
• Neglecting homework
• Reaching school late
• Talking during the class
• Telling lies
• Stealing
• Truancy

Q. How should schools handle indiscipline among students?

Answer: Schools should not consider punishment as the solution to indiscipline. Instead, they should study carefully the causes of such disorderly behaviour. Understanding why students resort to such kinds of indiscipline can lead to the root of bad habits among them, and thus help schools to remove these causes. This way, students can become disciplined and start behaving properly. Reform is the best remedy to indiscipline.

Q. What can be the possible consequences of not addressing indiscipline in schools?

Answer: If indiscipline is not addressed in schools, it can have multiple negative impacts. Firstly, it can hinder the overall educational progress of the students as the learning environment would be disturbed. Furthermore, it can also lead to the growth of a hostile school environment due to issues like bullying, arrogance towards teachers, and truancy. The school property may also be at risk due to acts of destruction by undisciplined students. It can also instil negative behavioural traits among students like lying, stealing and neglecting responsibilities like homework, which could follow them into adulthood and become harder to change.

Q. How can schools contribute to inculcating discipline among students from an early age?

Answer: Schools can play a crucial role in inculcating discipline among students from an early age by implementing rules and regulations that should be followed by every student. These rules can include punctuality, respectful behaviour towards teachers and fellow students, regular homework submission, and zero tolerance towards bullying, cheating or any form of malpractice. Schools should also instil the values of honesty, responsibility, and respect for school property. Regular monitoring and counselling sessions can be held to ensure students understand the importance and benefits of discipline in their lives. Schools can also involve parents and guardians in their efforts to maintain discipline, fostering a combined effort of home and school. Lastly, recognizing and rewarding disciplined behaviour can encourage students to follow suit.

Q. What are some effective measures that schools can take to prevent and deal with indiscipline?

Answer: To prevent and deal with indiscipline, schools can:

• Set clear expectations and rules: Clearly define what is expected from students and the consequences of indiscipline.
• Counselling and mentorship programs: These can help students understand the importance of discipline and allow them to voice their concerns or problems which might be causing indiscipline.
• Frequent communication with parents: Regular updates to parents about their child’s behaviour can make them aware and involve them in the discipline process.
• Encourage positive behaviour: Acknowledge and reward good behaviour to motivate students.
• Use of disciplinary committees: These can deal with severe cases of indiscipline in a fair and impartial manner.
• Conflict resolution training: Teach students how to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner to prevent instances of bullying or fights.
• Create a safe and supportive environment: An environment where students feel safe, understood, and supported can drastically reduce instances of indiscipline.

Remember, punishment isn’t always the best solution to indiscipline. Instead, understanding the root causes of such behaviour and working on reforms can be more effective in achieving long-term discipline among students.

54. Discuss the role of teachers and school authorities in shaping a disciplined school environment.

Answer: Teachers and school authorities play a significant role in shaping a disciplined school environment. Teachers are responsible for setting the classroom rules, expectations, and maintaining order in their classes. They serve as role models for the students, so their personal discipline, teaching methods, and approach towards students can greatly influence students’ behaviour.

They can reinforce discipline by being fair and consistent in implementing rules, acknowledging good behaviour, and effectively managing classrooms. They can also provide guidance and counselling to students, helping them understand the importance of discipline and guiding them towards better habits.

School authorities, on the other hand, are responsible for creating a larger framework of discipline within the school. They set the school rules and regulations, the consequences for breaking them, and ensure that these are communicated effectively to all students. They also oversee the enforcement of these rules, ensuring that they are applied consistently and fairly.

Both teachers and school authorities also need to collaborate with parents, keeping them informed about their child’s behaviour and working with them to address any issues. This concerted effort can result in a more disciplined school environment, fostering better learning and growth for the students.

Additional/extra MCQs

1. What does the term ‘discipline’ originate from?

A. Greek B. Latin C. German D. French

Answer: B. Latin

2. What is the fundamental purpose of disciplining students in schools?

A. Punishment B. Entertainment C. Orderliness and Efficiency D. Reward

Answer: C. Orderliness and Efficiency

3. In the context of discipline, what is a society without discipline likened to?

A. Car without wheels B. House without a roof C. Ship without a captain D. Tree without leaves

Answer: C. Ship without a captain

4. In the narrow sense, discipline involves obedience to whom?

A. Friends B. Parents C. Seniors D. Siblings

Answer: C. Seniors

5. In the wider sense, discipline involves the refinement of what?

A. Others’ inclination B. Society’s inclination C. One’s natural inclination D. Parents’ inclination

Answer: C. One’s natural inclination

Q. Negative Discipline is harmful to whose happiness?

A. One’s happiness B. Parents’ happiness C. Others’ happiness in the society D. Happiness of pets

Answer: C. Others’ happiness in the society

Q. What does Positive Discipline ensure?

A. One’s own happiness B. Seniors’ happiness C. Happiness of oneself and others in the society D. Happiness of strangers

Answer: C. Happiness of oneself and others in the society

Q. What is preferred, Negative or Positive Discipline?

A. Negative Discipline B. Both are equally preferred C. Depends on the situation D. Positive Discipline

Answer: D. Positive Discipline

Q. In the context of discipline, who must give orders in the narrow sense?

A. Subordinates B. Peers C. Juniors D. Authority

Answer: D. Authority

Q. Who willingly sacrifices their own desire for the betterment of the society in the wider sense of discipline?

A. Teachers B. Parents C. The individual D. The government

Answer: C. The individual

Q. What is the concept that opposes interference in an individual’s actions or control over their behaviour by an outsider?

A. Internal Discipline B. Freedom C. Free Discipline D. Self-control

Answer: C. Free Discipline

Q. Who imposes the restraints in the concept of Internal Discipline?

A. Society B. Parents C. Teachers D. Self

Answer: D. Self

Q. What is the term for the liberty to express one’s thoughts, live freely and make independent decisions without being controlled by external forces?

A. Free Discipline B. Internal Discipline C. Freedom D. Self-control

Answer: C. Freedom

Q. In the context of Free Discipline, which elements are said to have no place?

A. ‘Do’ and ‘Do not’ B. ‘Right’ and ‘Wrong’ C. ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ D. ‘Can’ and ‘Cannot’

Answer: A. ‘Do’ and ‘Do not’

Q. What form of discipline becomes part and parcel of life, leading to a comfortable existence?

A. External Discipline B. Free Discipline C. Freedom D. Internal Discipline

Answer: D. Internal Discipline

Q. Which concept is often misunderstood as the right to do anything one feels like doing?

A. Internal Discipline B. Free Discipline C. Freedom D. Self-control

Answer: C. Freedom

Q. What is the primary psychological condition associated with Freedom?

A. Anxiety B. Happiness C. Absence of external compulsion D. Self-control

Answer: C. Absence of external compulsion

Q. After being born free, what factors bound an individual?

A. Chains of family, friends, school, community, society, culture, nation B. Chains of laws, rules, regulations, and restrictions C. Chains of poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy D. Chains of disease, disability, and discrimination

Answer: A. Chains of family, friends, school, community, society, culture, nation

Q. Which type of discipline is characterized by an absence of interference from teachers, parents, and society?

A. External Discipline B. Free Discipline C. Internal Discipline D. Self-control

Answer: B. Free Discipline

Q. Who are said to be unanimous in their opinion that children should be provided maximum freedom and minimum restraint?

A. Philosophers, thinkers, and educators B. Parents, teachers, and society C. Lawmakers, administrators, and judges D. Psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists

Answer: A. Philosophers, thinkers, and educators

Q. What is the main purpose of order in society?

A. Discipline B. Punishment C. Uniform Behaviour D. Fear

Answer: C. Uniform Behaviour

Q. What is the source of order?

A. Internal Self B. External Authority C. Discipline D. Society

Answer: B. External Authority

Q. What is the source of discipline?

A. Fear B. Trained Inner Self C. Uniformity D. Authority

Answer: B. Trained Inner Self

Q. What results from discipline?

A. Obedience B. Fear C. Orderly Behaviour D. Punishment

Answer: C. Orderly Behaviour

Q. What kind of obedience does order aim to secure?

A. Uniform B. Questioned C. Willing D. Unquestioned

Answer: D. Unquestioned

Q. What kind of obedience does discipline aim to secure?

A. Uniform B. Questioned C. Willing D. Unquestioned

Answer: C. Willing

Q. What is order based on?

A. Discipline B. Fear and Punishment C. Willingness D. Relevance

Answer: B. Fear and Punishment

Q. What is the purpose of giving a reward?

A. Punishment B. Stimulate Interest C. Fear D. Obedience

Answer: B. Stimulate Interest

Q. What does a reward aim to develop among people?

A. Fear B. Healthy Competition C. Punishment D. Uniformity

Answer: B. Healthy Competition

Q. What kind of behaviour does order secure?

A. Willing B. Disciplined C. Orderly External D. Unquestioned

Answer: C. Orderly External

Q. What does a reward in education often recognize?

A. Achievement B. Failure C. Laziness D. Absence

Answer: A. Achievement

Q. What form can rewards in education take?

A. Criticism B. Punishment C. Gratitude D. Cash or kind

Answer: D. Cash or kind

Q. According to Raymond, what does punishment involve?

A. Accidental infliction of pain B. Intentional infliction of pain C. Display of affection D. Display of recognition

Answer: B. Intentional infliction of pain

Q. Who is punishment generally aimed at?

A. Those who respect the law B. Those who disregard the law C. Those who make mistakes D. Those who excel in activities

Answer: B. Those who disregard the law

Q. What is the main aim of punishment?

A. To award the offender B. To reform the offender C. To promote the offender D. To ignore the offender

Answer: B. To reform the offender

Q. What is the most severe form of punishment in schools?

A. Detention B. Suspension C. Extra Work D. Expulsion

Answer: D. Expulsion

Q. What punishment in school involves causing physical pain?

A. Corporal punishment B. Deprivation of marks C. Suspension D. Expulsion

Answer: A. Corporal punishment

Q. According to Bentham, punishment should be:

A. Disproportionate B. Ignorable C. Exemplary D. Unpopular

Answer: C. Exemplary

Q. Bentham’s canons of punishment suggest that punishment should be:

A. Over-excessive B. Economical C. Unbelievable D. Non-reformative

Answer: B. Economical

Q. According to Bentham, punishment should aim to:

A. Promote negative instincts B. Curb positive instincts C. Strengthen negative instincts D. Weaken negative instincts

Answer: D. Weaken negative instincts

Q. What is essential for a man to utilize the powers given by nature?

A. Knowledge B. Wealth C. Discipline D. Experience

Answer: C. Discipline

Q. According to Aristotle, what builds a nation?

A. Mountains and Trees B. Wealth and Power C. Character of its citizens D. Technological advancements

Answer: C. Character of its citizens

Q. What leads a country to accept slavery of external powers?

A. Lack of resources B. Indiscipline C. Weak military D. Poor economy

Answer: B. Indiscipline

Q. What is not synonymous with discipline in schools?

A. Regularity B. Obedience to commands C. Maintaining order D. System in doing things

Answer: C. Maintaining order

Q. What does real discipline imply?

A. Persuasion B. Fear C. Compulsion D. Punishment

Answer: A. Persuasion

Q. Why should discipline in schools be maintained?

A. To prevent chaos B. To build habits, self-control and co-operation C. To enforce rules D. To maintain order

Answer: B. To build habits, self-control and co-operation

Q. What should discipline in educational institutions imply?

A. Strictness B. Cultivation of desirable attitudes, habits, and values C. Rule enforcement D. Fear and punishment

Answer: B. Cultivation of desirable attitudes, habits, and values

Q. Who is the fountain-head of discipline and character formation in schools?

A. Head of the Institution B. The Teacher C. Parents D. Students themselves

Answer: B. The Teacher

Q. What are the essential qualities that every teacher should have for maintaining discipline?

A. Keen insight, patience, sympathy, love, justice and impartiality B. Strictness, order, authority, and decisiveness C. Intelligence, creativity, humor, and flexibility D. Good communication skills, passion for teaching, and professionalism

Answer: A. Keen insight, patience, sympathy, love, justice and impartiality

Q. Whose personality does the success or failure of an educational institution depend upon?

A. Students B. Teachers C. Head of the Institution D. Parents

Answer: C. Head of the Institution

Q. Which co-curricular activity can help develop a sense of self-control in students?

A. Sports B. Reading C. Dancing D. Singing

Answer: A. Sports

Q. Which of the following is not a co-curricular activity?

A. Scouting B. N.C.C. C. Social Service D. Music

Answer: D. Music

Q. What is one of the cornerstones of discipline?

A. Authority B. Self-Confidence C. Tradition D. Reward

Answer: B. Self-Confidence

Q. What can guide students in the fundamentals of true discipline?

A. Authority B. Leadership Training C. Punishment D. Reward

Answer: B. Leadership Training

Q. What can school traditions influence?

A. Discipline B. Teaching Methods C. Self-Governance D. School Environment

Answer: A. Discipline

Q. What should classroom methods aim to produce?

A. Well-Adjusted Individuals B. High Morale C. Both A and B D. None of the above

Answer: C. Both A and B

Q. Who should be associated with the administration of discipline in secondary schools?

A. Teachers B. Parents C. Students D. Non-teaching Staff

Answer: C. Students

Q. What must be prepared at the beginning of a new educational session?

A. Timetable B. Curriculum C. Calendar D. Rules

Answer: C. Calendar

Q. What should not be encouraged by rewards?

A. Effort B. Discipline C. Unhealthy Competition D. Achievement

Answer: C. Unhealthy Competition

Q. Who closely watch the activities of their teachers?

A. Parents B. Young Pupils C. Non-teaching Staff D. Community Members

Answer: B. Young Pupils

Q. According to the principles provided, what forms the base of discipline?

A. Fear B. Punishment C. Love D. Coercion

Answer: C. Love

Q. Which aspect is considered essential for maintaining good discipline?

A. Authority B. Co-operation C. Rigidity D. Independence

Answer: B. Co-operation

Q. In what case is the use of punishment necessary for maintaining discipline?

A. Always B. Frequently C. Rarely D. Never

Answer: C. Rarely

Q. Which type of activities should be included in the school curriculum to maintain discipline?

A. Traditional B. Creative C. Competitive D. Individual

Answer: B. Creative

Q. Who should produce examples of discipline for students?

A. Parents B. Peers C. Principal and Teachers D. Famous Personalities

Answer: C. Principal and Teachers

Q. What should be given to students and teachers for doing their duties in the educational institution?

A. Punishment B. Rewards C. Liberty and Facilities D. Extra work

Answer: C. Liberty and Facilities

Q. What is the condition of a family life that affects school discipline?

A. Wealthy B. Poor C. Appropriate D. Excessive

Answer: C. Appropriate

Q. Who stated, “Right discipline consists not in external compulsion but in the habit of mind which leads spontaneously to desirable rather than to undesirable activities”?

A. Plato B. Albert Einstein C. Bertrand Russell D. Thomas Hobbes

Answer: C. Bertrand Russell

Q. What happens to a society without discipline?

A. Progresses B. Stagnates C. Gets destroyed D. Grows rapidly

Answer: C. Gets destroyed

Q. What is the effect of discipline on members of the society?

A. Creates fear B. Causes stress C. Brings peace and happiness D. Limits freedom

Answer: C. Brings peace and happiness

Q. What forms the base for achieving the goals of education in students?

A. Intelligence B. Creativity C. Discipline D. Sportsmanship

Answer: C. Discipline

Q. What is considered as the best remedy to indiscipline in school students?

A. Punishment B. Reward C. Reform D. Detention

Answer: C. Reform

Q. What can help students to grow into responsible citizens of the nation?

A. Excellent grades B. Leadership roles C. Discipline D. Extracurricular activities

Answer: C. Discipline

Q. What is the consequence of reaching school late frequently as a student?

A. It is an act of leadership B. It is an act of discipline C. It is an act of indiscipline D. It is an act of punctuality

Answer: C. It is an act of indiscipline

Q. What is the consequence of neglecting homework as a student?

A. It is an act of leadership B. It is an act of discipline C. It is an act of indiscipline D. It is an act of punctuality

Answer: C. It is an act of indiscipline

Q. What is the consequence of arrogant behaviour towards teachers as a student?

A. It is an act of leadership B. It is an act of discipline C. It is an act of indiscipline D. It is an act of punctuality

Answer: C. It is an act of indiscipline

Q. What is not considered as the solution to indiscipline in school students?

A. Punishment B. Reform C. Reward D. Counselling

Answer: A. Punishment

Q. What should be the focus to find the root of bad habits among students?

A. Why they excel in sports B. Why they resort to indiscipline C. Why they succeed in exams D. Why they participate in extracurricular activities

Answer: B. Why they resort to indiscipline

Q. Which act is not a form of indiscipline in school?

A. Talking during the class B. Bullying other students C. Participating in extracurricular activities D. Telling lies

Answer: C. Participating in extracurricular activities

80. Which action should be avoided to maintain discipline in school?

A. Stealing B. Doing homework regularly C. Arriving school on time D. Respecting teachers

Answer: A. Stealing