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Conservation of Resources: NBSE Class 9 Environment
Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 10 Conservation of Resources, NBSE Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments
Summary
Conservation means using natural resources in a way that they last for a long time. People use resources like water, trees, and land for many things. But if we use too much, there won’t be enough left for the future. Many countries are trying to protect nature by making rules and signing agreements. These steps help keep the environment safe.
Natural resources are important for their value to the economy, nature, and culture. Forests, for example, help with the climate and provide beauty. However, overuse of resources harms ecosystems. The growing population has increased the demand for resources like land and water. This is why people need to take action to conserve them. Conservation aims to fix problems caused by pollution and harmful practices.
There are many ways to save resources. Reusing and recycling things reduces waste. For example, recycling paper saves trees. Using energy from the sun, wind, or water is better than depending on fuels like coal or oil. Organic farming avoids harmful chemicals and protects soil and water. Planting trees helps balance nature and stops soil erosion. People also play a big role by supporting laws that protect the environment.
Some products harm the environment more than others. For example, plastics do not break down easily and can pollute the soil and water. Scientists are working to make plastics that decompose faster. Leather goods harm animals and pollute water. Alternatives like materials made from plant fibers are now available. Using less plastic and finding substitutes for harmful products can reduce damage to nature.
Energy sources like the sun, wind, and water are renewable. This means they will not run out easily. Hydropower uses flowing water to create electricity without pollution. Wind turbines turn wind into power. Solar panels capture sunlight to produce energy. Tidal energy uses ocean tides to generate power. Biomass energy comes from plants and waste. These alternatives are clean and help reduce pollution.
Steps to conserve resources include planting trees, saving water, and protecting wildlife. Harvesting rainwater ensures there is enough water during dry seasons. Wildlife can be protected in their natural habitats or in places like zoos and parks. Rules against hunting endangered animals help preserve biodiversity. Using biogas instead of LPG saves fossil fuels. Recycling waste reduces pollution.
People should avoid wasting energy at home. Turning off lights and unplugging devices when not in use saves electricity. Hybrid cars use less fuel and reduce pollution. Simple habits like carrying reusable bags instead of plastic ones make a difference. Governments and communities must work together to protect the environment. Everyone can contribute by being mindful of how they use resources.
Using natural resources wisely keeps the Earth healthy for future generations. People need to find new ways to replace what is being used up. Changing habits and adopting better practices can help conserve nature. New technologies and ideas offer hope for a cleaner and safer world.
Textbook solutions
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Organic gas used as fuel is known as
A. Biofuel
B. Biogas
C. Humus
D. Both (A) and (B)
Answer: D. Both (A) and (B)
2. Fuel made up of biological material is called
A. Biogas
B. Biofuel
C. Organic fuel
D. None of these
Answer: B. Biofuel
3. Which types of wastes do not mix in the soil?
A. Biodegradable
B. Non-biodegradable
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of these
Answer: B. Non-biodegradable
4. We should not use plastic and polythene because these are:
A. Biodegradable waste
B. Non-biodegradable waste
C. Both (A) and (B)
D. None of these
Answer: B. Non-biodegradable waste
5. What is CNG?
A. Combined Neutral Gas
B. Compressed Natural Gas
C. Compressed Neutral Gas
D. None of these
Answer: B. Compressed Natural Gas
Very Short Answer Questions
1. What is conservation?
Answer : Conservation means the sustainable use of natural resources, focusing on maintaining the regular supply of resources in the future for their economic, biological, recreational, and cultural values.
2. What do you understand by organic farming?
Answer : Organic farming is the natural way of farming in which no chemicals are used either as fertilizers or pesticides. Crops are raised without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and antibiotics, and it helps control air, water, and soil pollution while increasing soil fertility.
3. Write down the full form of CFC.
Answer : The full form of CFC is chlorofluorocarbons.
4. Name the material that substitutes leather.
Answer : The material that substitutes leather is made of polyvinyl chloride and non-woven fibres.
5. What is biomass?
Answer : Biomass is the plant and animal waste or residue which can be used to generate energy directly or indirectly.
6. Name any two kinds of biofuels.
Answer : Two kinds of biofuels are bio-diesel and bio-ethanol.
Short Answer Questions
1. Give any two uses of afforestation?
Answer : Two uses of afforestation are:
(i) It compensates for deforestation by increasing the number of trees, which enhances the process of photosynthesis and cleans the air.
(ii) It helps in checking soil erosion and ensures the normal functioning of the hydrological cycle, preventing desertification.
2. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable resources?
Answer : The difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable resources is:
- Biodegradable resources are substances that break down and mix with the soil easily, such as fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, grass, wood, paper, clothes, wool, etc.
- Non-biodegradable resources are substances that do not mix with the soil, such as plastic goods, polythene bags, synthetic clothes, metals, etc. Most non-biodegradable things are recyclable, such as plastic goods, metals, and glass.
3. What do you understand by alternate of resources?
Answer : Alternates of resources refer to sources of energy or materials that are used instead of conventional or non-conventional resources like coal, oil, and natural gas. These alternatives replace the resources that are falling short because of over-utilization.
4. What is the alternate of diesel?
Answer : The alternate of diesel is Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
5. Give any two uses of hydropower?
Answer : Two uses of hydropower are:
(i) It does not make use of any fossil fuel and produces no waste, making it an environmentally friendly source of energy.
(ii) It is widely used for generating electricity, with countries like Norway, Brazil, and Congo relying significantly on hydropower for their energy needs.
Long Answer Questions
1. How does organic farming help in the conservation of environment?
Answer : Organic farming helps in the conservation of the environment because it uses environment-friendly techniques. It raises crops without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and antibiotics. The fertilizers and pesticides used in organic farming are obtained from plant and animal waste and mineral sources. Additionally, organic farming helps control air, water, and soil pollution, and increases soil fertility.
2. Why should we encourage afforestation?
Answer : We should encourage afforestation because it compensates for deforestation. Afforestation converts barren land into forest land, increasing the number of trees, which enhances the process of photosynthesis and cleans the air. It also ensures the normal functioning of the hydrological cycle, checks desertification, supports biodiversity by allowing food chains to function normally, prevents soil erosion, and helps recharge groundwater.
3. Using plastics is not environment-friendly. How can this problem be solved?
Answer : This problem can be solved by making efforts to recycle plastic goods as they are non-biodegradable and do not mix with the soil after being destroyed. Scientists are also working on making biodegradable plastics by mixing starch with plastic so that bacteria can consume the starch and plastic molecules, allowing the plastic to decompose.
4. How can living style help in the environment conservation?
Answer : Living style can help in environment conservation by following the techniques of simple living, such as using solar cookers and minimizing the use of cooking gas, closing all taps when not in use, switching off electric appliances when not in use, making minimum use of auto vehicles, using public transport vehicles, minimizing the use of air conditioners and heaters, avoiding wastage of food, imposing a strict ban on deforestation, and ensuring vehicles are regularly checked so that they emit minimum smoke.
5. Write a note on the alternative of resources.
Answer : Alternatives to conserve our natural resources are sources of energy or materials used instead of conventional or non-conventional resources like coal, oil, and natural gas. These alternatives replace the resources that are falling short due to over-utilization. Examples include renewable sources of energy such as solar power, hydropower, wind energy, tidal energy, and geothermal energy. Some cars that run on battery and gas have been made, and efforts should be made to improve these technologies so that all vehicles can run on unconventional energy sources. Solar energy can also be made popular in cooking. Scientists are working on making biodegradable plastics by mixing starch with plastic, allowing bacteria to consume starch and plastic molecules, enabling decomposition. Substitutes for leather are being discovered, made from polyvinyl chloride and non-woven fibers, which cost much less than leather. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an important alternative to diesel, and biogas chullhas are substitutes for firewood in villages. Electric crematoriums are being made to save wood.
6. Why is hydropower a preferred source of power generation?
Answer : Hydropower is a preferred source of power generation because it does not make use of any fossil fuel and produces no waste. It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of energy that does not cause pollution. The worldwide waterpower generation is increasing mainly due to environmental concerns, and in many countries, waterpower is the dominant source of energy. For instance, Norway generates 99% of its power from water, Brazil generates 88%, and Congo produces 100% of its power from water. China is the largest producer of hydropower globally.
Extras
Additional questions and answers
1. Define conservation?
Answer : Conservation means the sustainable use of natural resources, focusing on maintaining their regular supply in the future.
Q. What is the economic value of natural resources?
Answer : Natural resources are conserved for their economic values, which include their role in global climate, economic contributions, and cultural significance.
Q. What are recreational values of natural resources?
Answer : Some natural resources are conserved for their recreational values, natural beauty, and significance to local culture.
Q. Name two international efforts made for resource conservation?
Answer : Several international conventions have been held, and treaties have been signed to protect the environment and safeguard natural resources.
Q. What causes depletion of natural resources?
Answer : The depletion of natural resources is caused by: (i) The fast rate of exploitation of natural resources. (ii) The explosion of the human population, which has increased the rate of consumption of various natural resources like land, water, and forests. (iii) Overuse of resources, causing serious imbalances in ecosystems.
Q. Give one reason for the increased exploitation of resources?
Answer : The progressing social changes and technological developments convert so many resources of nature into natural resources and also increase the rates for their exploitation for human purposes.
Q. Why is it important to conserve fossil fuels?
Answer : Fossil fuels on Earth will not last forever, so we need to conserve these fossil fuels.
Q. Name two products obtained from trees?
Answer : Papers and cardboards are two products obtained from trees.
Q. What is afforestation?
Answer : Afforestation is the practice of converting barren land into forest land.
Q. Who led the Chipko Movement?
Answer : Sunderlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt led the local people of the Garhwal Himalayan region (present-day Uttarakhand) in the Chipko Movement.
Q. What are CFC-free products?
Answer : CFC-free products are goods made without the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were earlier used in a range of products like refrigerators, air conditioners, freezers, medical inhalers, insulating foams in packaging material, car seats, dry cleaning processes, and cleaning electric circuit boards. These products are labeled as “CFC Free” and their purchase is considered an important step towards environmental conservation.
Q. Define biodegradable waste.
Answer : Biodegradable waste refers to substances that break down and mix with the soil easily. Examples include fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, grass, wood, paper, clothes, and wool.
Q. Define non-biodegradable waste.
Answer : Non-biodegradable waste refers to substances that do not mix with the soil. Examples include plastic goods, polythene bags, synthetic clothes, and metals. Most non-biodegradable things are recyclable, such as plastic goods, metals, and glass.
Q. What material is replacing leather?
Answer : The material replacing leather is made of polyvinyl chloride and non-woven fibers. This substitute resembles leather and is difficult to distinguish from it. It costs much less than leather and is capturing a large share in the market.
Q. Mention one environmental impact of the leather industry.
Answer : One environmental impact of the leather industry is that the waste generated from the leather tanning industry contaminates water.
Q. What is waste segregation?
Answer : Waste segregation is the process of separating garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories as an important step towards environmental conservation. Biodegradable wastes are those that mix with the soil, such as fruit and vegetable peels, leaves, grass, wood, paper, clothes, and wool. Non-biodegradable wastes do not mix with the soil, like plastic goods, polythene bags, synthetic clothes, and metals. Most non-biodegradable items, however, are recyclable, including plastic goods, metals, and glass.
Q. What is meant by simple living?
Answer : Simple living refers to a style of living in which dependence is minimized on man-made things. It involves techniques such as using solar cookers, minimizing the use of cooking gas, closing taps when not in use, switching off electric appliances when not in use, minimizing the use of auto vehicles, using public transport, reducing the use of air conditioners and heaters, avoiding food wastage, imposing a strict ban on deforestation, and ensuring vehicles emit minimal smoke through regular checks.
Q. Define rain harvesting.
Answer : Rain harvesting is the practice of conserving water by collecting rainwater during the rainy seasons of the year and using it during the dry seasons. This minimizes the usage of water from water bodies and can be utilized for irrigation in farms and watering lawns in homes.
Q. What is biomass energy?
Answer : Biomass energy is derived from plant and animal waste or residue, which can be used to generate energy either directly or indirectly. In developing countries, popular biomass energy sources include wood, crop residues, and dung. Power can also be obtained from these sources; for example, sugarcane is converted into ethanol fuel in Brazil, and dung is used to make fuel gas in China.
Q. What is tidal energy?
Answer : Tidal energy is the energy produced by the periodic semi-diurnal rise and fall of ocean water caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. This rise and fall of water are harnessed to produce electricity. Tidal power generation is pollution-free and highly predictable.
Q. Which country produces 100% power from water?
Answer : Congo produces 100% of its power from water.
Q. Why is resource conservation necessary for future generations?
Answer : Resource conservation is necessary for future generations because it helps maintain the regular supply of resources in the future. The progressing social changes and technological developments have converted many resources of nature into natural resources and increased their exploitation for human purposes, which has nearly depleted many natural resources. Therefore, conserving natural resources ensures that future generations can continue to enjoy these resources.
Q. How do human activities lead to the depletion of natural resources?
Answer : Human activities lead to the depletion of natural resources through the fast rate of exploitation of natural resources, which has nearly depleted many of them. Additionally, the explosion of the human population has increased the rate of consumption of various natural resources like land, water, and forests, causing serious imbalances in ecosystems.
Q. Explain how hybrid cars help conserve fossil fuels.
Answer : Hybrid cars help conserve fossil fuels because they run on electricity combined with using small amounts of gas. This reduces the reliance on petroleum products that are mostly used to run conventional cars, thereby conserving fossil fuels.
Q. Give two advantages of organic farming.
Answer : Two advantages of organic farming are: (i) It helps control air, water, and soil pollution. (ii) Soil fertility is increased.
Q. How does afforestation check soil erosion?
Answer : Afforestation checks soil erosion by increasing the number of trees, which helps stabilize the soil and prevent it from being washed or blown away.
Q. Mention two roles played by citizen groups in environmental conservation?
Answer : Citizen groups play the following roles in environmental conservation: (i) They support environment-friendly legislation and help in the implementation of environment protection laws. (ii) Every individual within these groups has the capability to maintain peace, harmony, and equity in nature, which contributes to keeping the environment clean and healthy.
Q. Explain the significance of using minimum plastic?
Answer : The significance of using minimum plastic is as follows: (i) Plastic goods are non-biodegradable because, after being destroyed, they do not mix with the soil. (ii) Efforts are made to recycle plastic goods to reduce their environmental impact.
Q. Why are alternatives to fossil fuels necessary?
Answer : Alternatives to fossil fuels are necessary because: (i) Fossil fuels on Earth will not last forever, so conserving them is essential. (ii) New technologies should be explored to use renewable sources of energy such as solar power, hydropower, wind energy, tidal energy, and geothermal energy, which replace the resources that are falling short due to over-utilization.
Q. Describe two benefits of solar energy?
Answer : Two benefits of solar energy are: (i) It is an environment-friendly source of energy that does not leave any waste. (ii) It is a renewable source of energy and can never go short.
Q. Explain how biomass energy is produced?
Answer : Biomass energy is produced as follows: (i) Biomass is the plant and animal waste or residue which can be used to generate energy directly or indirectly. (ii) In many cases, power is obtained from these sources; for example, sugarcane is converted into ethanol fuel in Brazil, and dung is used to make fuel gas in China.
Q. How does recycling paper help conserve trees?
Answer : Recycling paper helps conserve trees because many products, such as papers, cups, cardboards, and envelopes, come from trees. By recycling these products, the number of trees cut down each year is reduced.
Q. Mention two methods of reducing fossil fuel consumption.
Answer : Two methods of reducing fossil fuel consumption are: (i) Using a hybrid car that runs on electricity combined with small amounts of gas. (ii) Choosing alternative energy sources like solar, wind, or hydro power instead of relying on fossil fuels.
Q. How does using public transport conserve resources?
Answer : Using public transport conserves resources by reducing the reliance on auto vehicles, which consume fossil fuels. This minimizes the overall usage of non-renewable energy sources and helps conserve natural resources.
Q. What are bio-fuels, and give one example?
Answer : Bio-fuels are fuels mainly derived from plant species and are considered bio-friendly as they reduce air pollution. One example of a bio-fuel is ethanol fuel, which is produced from sugarcane.
Q. Explain the steps involved in conserving natural resources through reuse and recycle methods.
Answer : Reuse and recycle are two important steps in conserving natural resources. Many items that are thrown away can be reused or recycled to create new things, which also helps reduce waste production. For example, products made from trees, such as paper, cups, cardboards, and envelopes, can be recycled, thereby reducing the number of trees cut down each year. One should make maximum use of these paper products without being wasteful and then recycle them, which is a great way to conserve natural resources.
Q. Describe the environmental implications of using fossil fuels.
Answer : Fossil fuels on Earth will not last forever, and their overuse causes serious imbalances in ecosystems. Burning fossil fuels contributes to pollution and environmental degradation. Mining fossil fuels has consumed a lot of money and polluted the environment. Therefore, conserving fossil fuels becomes inevitable. Alternatives like hybrid cars, which run on electricity combined with small amounts of gas, help in conserving fossil fuels and reducing environmental harm.
Q. Why is it important to protect catchment areas?
Answer : Protecting catchment areas is crucial because they act as sources of water that flow into streams, rivers, and oceans. Vegetation in the catchment areas allows for sufficient percolation of water into the deep soil layers, aiding in the formation of groundwater. Ensuring the protection of catchment areas guarantees that taps do not run dry.
Q. Discuss the significance of CFC-free products in environmental conservation?
Answer : The significance of CFC-free products in environmental conservation is that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were used in products like refrigerators, air conditioners, and packaging materials, were later found to have an adverse effect on ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Although international conventions were held to impose a ban on the use of CFCs, the efforts were not very successful. Nowadays, many companies have started making goods without the use of CFCs, and these products are labeled as “CFC Free.” Buying such goods is considered an important step towards environmental conservation and should be encouraged.
Q. What environmental problems are associated with leather production?
Answer : The environmental problems associated with leather production include:
(i) The waste generated from the leather tanning industry contaminates water.
(ii) Leather manufacturing involves techniques that pollute water, soil, and air.
(iii) Many animals are killed to obtain leather, which creates an imbalance in the ecosystem.
Q. Explain the role of renewable energy sources in conservation.
Answer : The role of renewable energy sources in conservation includes:
(i) Hydropower: It does not make use of any fossil fuel and there is no waste. Hydropower is clean, environmentally friendly, and does not cause pollution. For example, Norway generates 99% of its power from water, Brazil generates 88%, and Congo produces 100% of its power from water.
(ii) Wind Energy: It is a widely preferred source of energy because it is clean and environmentally friendly. Modern wind turbines efficiently convert wind energy into electrical energy.
(iii) Solar Energy: It is an environmentally friendly source of energy that does not leave any waste. Moreover, solar energy is renewable and can never run short. It costs very little compared to other sources of energy.
(iv) Tidal Energy: Tidal power generation is pollution-free and highly predictable.
(v) Biomass Energy: Natural degradation of wastes dumped in landfill sites releases energy that can be tapped. Liquid bio-fuels like bio-diesel and bio-ethanol are perfect substitutes for conventional petrol and diesel.
Q. Why is tidal energy considered a promising renewable source?
Answer : Tidal energy is considered a promising renewable source because it is pollution-free and highly predictable. The periodic rise and fall of ocean water caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun is harnessed to produce electricity. For example, the highest tidal range is at the Bay of Fundy in Canada, where the difference between high tide and low tide is more than 18 metres. In the UK, tidal power has the potential to produce 20% of the country’s electricity.
Q. Describe how hydroelectricity helps in environmental conservation.
Answer : Hydroelectricity helps in environmental conservation as it does not make use of any fossil fuel and there is no waste. It is encouraged because it does not cause any pollution. The worldwide waterpower generation is increasing mainly because of environmental concerns. For instance, in Norway, 99% of the power is generated from water, Brazil generates 88% power from water, and Congo produces 100% power from water.
44. Explain the production and importance of biogas energy.
Answer : Biogas is produced from cattle dung in biogas plants, which serve as a source of both biogas and manure. It is an alternative to conventional fuels like LPG, whose use results in the depletion of oil reserves. Natural degradation of wastes dumped in landfill sites releases energy that can be tapped, with one ton of refuse capable of producing 400 cubic metres of biogas, methane. When methane is converted into carbon dioxide, it can generate heat or power. Biogas can also be burnt to generate electricity or heat. Liquid bio-fuels like bio-diesel and bio-ethanol, derived from plant species, are perfect substitutes for conventional petrol and diesel. These fuels are bio-friendly and reduce air pollution.
Q. How does treatment of industrial waste contribute to environmental conservation?
Answer : Treatment of industrial wastes and sewages before they are released into water bodies helps conserve the environment by preventing thermal and chemical pollution of water. Rapid industrialization has resulted in harmful wastes that damage ecosystems when released directly into water bodies, leading to massive water pollution, especially in developing countries. Treating these effluents ensures that water pollution is minimized, thus conserving the ecological balance.
Additional MCQs
1. What does conservation mean?
A. Sustainable use
B. Immediate use
C. Unregulated use
D. Restricted use
Answer: A. Sustainable use
Q. What is the main focus of conservation of natural resources?
A. Future supply
B. Immediate profit
C. Waste disposal
D. Rapid usage
Answer: A. Future supply
Q. Which two methods are cited as the best for conservation?
A. Reduce and reuse
B. Reuse and recycle
C. Recycle and reduce
D. Reduce and recycle
Answer: B. Reuse and recycle
Q. Which energy sources are healthy alternatives to natural gas?
A. Coal and oil
B. Hydro, solar, wind
C. Nuclear and coal
D. Diesel and gas
Answer: B. Hydro, solar, wind
Q. How can trees be conserved?
A. Deforestation
B. Recycling paper products
C. Increasing use
D. Burning waste
Answer: B. Recycling paper products
Q. What vehicle is suggested for conserving fossil fuels?
A. Diesel car
B. Electric scooter
C. Hybrid car
D. Petrol car
Answer: C. Hybrid car
Q. What is not used in organic farming?
A. Chemicals
B. Natural compost
C. Organic waste
D. Animal waste
Answer: A. Chemicals
Q. What increases soil fertility in organic farming?
A. Synthetic fertilizers
B. Natural fertilizers
C. Pesticides
D. Herbicides
Answer: B. Natural fertilizers
Q. What environmental factor does organic farming help control?
A. Pollution
B. Industrial waste
C. Urban growth
D. Deforestation
Answer: A. Pollution
Q. What does afforestation convert barren land into?
A. Desert
B. Forest
C. City
D. Farmland
Answer: B. Forest
Q. Which process increases with more trees due to afforestation?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Deforestation
C. Industrialisation
D. Mining
Answer: A. Photosynthesis
Q. Which cycle functions normally as a result of afforestation?
A. Carbon cycle
B. Hydrological cycle
C. Nitrogen cycle
D. Rock cycle
Answer: B. Hydrological cycle
Q. What does afforestation check?
A. Desertification
B. Urbanisation
C. Pollution
D. Mining
Answer: A. Desertification
Q. Which groups are noted for educating people on environmental issues?
A. Citizen groups
B. Corporations
C. Politicians
D. Lobbyists
Answer: A. Citizen groups
Q. What do environmental groups support?
A. Eco legislation
B. Tax cuts
C. Industrial growth
D. Market liberalisation
Answer: A. Eco legislation
Q. What adverse effect did CFCs have?
A. Ozone depletion
B. Water scarcity
C. Soil erosion
D. Air pressure loss
Answer: A. Ozone depletion
Q. Goods manufactured without CFC are labelled as?
A. CFC Free
B. Eco products
C. Organic
D. Bio-based
Answer: A. CFC Free
Q. What type of waste is plastic classified as?
A. Biodegradable
B. Non-biodegradable
C. Recyclable
D. Compostable
Answer: B. Non-biodegradable
Q. Which materials are used as substitutes for leather?
A. PVC, non-woven
B. Cotton, silk
C. Leather, wool
D. Polyester, nylon
Answer: A. PVC, non-woven
Q. How should garbage be segregated for proper waste disposal?
A. Organic, inert
B. Biodegradable, non-biodegradable
C. Wet, dry
D. Reusable, disposable
Answer: B. Biodegradable, non-biodegradable
Q. What does simple living aim to minimise?
A. Dependence
B. Efficiency
C. Productivity
D. Consumption
Answer: A. Dependence
Q. Which practice is an example of simple living?
A. Solar cooker
B. Fossil fuels
C. High consumption
D. Excessive use
Answer: A. Solar cooker
Q. What does an alternative resource replace?
A. Excess resources
B. Depleting resource
C. Abundant material
D. Renewable energy
Answer: B. Depleting resource
Q. Which fuel is used as an alternative to diesel in Delhi?
A. Biofuel
B. CNG
C. Ethanol
D. Petrol
Answer: B. CNG
Q. What substitute for firewood?
A. Electric crematorium
B. Natural gas
C. Biogas stove
D. Solar heater
Answer: A. Electric crematorium
Q. From what is hydropower generated?
A. Fossil fuels
B. Falling water
C. Wind
D. Solar rays
Answer: B. Falling water
Q. Which country generates 99% of its power from water?
A. China
B. Brazil
C. Norway
D. Congo
Answer: C. Norway
Q. Which country produced 1245.17 terawatt hours of hydropower in 2023?
A. Brazil
B. Norway
C. China
D. Congo
Answer: C. China
Q. What device converts wind energy into electrical energy?
A. Rotor
B. Turbine
C. Panel
D. Generator
Answer: B. Turbine
Q. Which wind farm is identified as the largest in the world?
A. Gansu Wind Farm
B. UK Wind Farm
C. Indian Wind Farm
D. German Wind Farm
Answer: A. Gansu Wind Farm
Q. What was the target capacity of the largest wind farm by 2020?
A. 10,000 MW
B. 15,000 MW
C. 20,000 MW
D. 25,000 MW
Answer: C. 20,000 MW
Q. Which solar device is most popular for cooking?
A. Panel
B. Collector
C. Cooker
D. Heater
Answer: C. Cooker
Q. Which energy source is described as never running short?
A. Fossil
B. Wind
C. Solar
D. Hydro
Answer: C. Solar
Q. Where is the highest tidal range found?
A. UK
B. Bay of Fundy
C. India
D. USA
Answer: B. Bay of Fundy
Q. What percentage of the UK’s electricity could be produced by tidal power?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
Answer: B. 20%
Q. Biomass is derived from which of the following?
A. Fossils
B. Plant waste
C. Minerals
D. Metals
Answer: B. Plant waste
Q. How much biogas can one ton of refuse produce?
A. 200 m³
B. 300 m³
C. 400 m³
D. 500 m³
Answer: C. 400 m³
Q. Which bio-fuels are substitutes for conventional petrol and diesel?
A. Biodiesel, bioethanol
B. Biogas, biofuel
C. Biomass, bioliquid
D. Biofuel, biopower
Answer: A. Biodiesel, bioethanol
Q. What practice involves harvesting rainwater for later use?
A. Water treatment
B. Rain harvesting
C. Deforestation
D. Irrigation
Answer: B. Rain harvesting
Q. Which practice helps control soil erosion?
A. Urbanisation
B. Deforestation
C. Tree planting
D. Mining
Answer: C. Tree planting
Q. What is done to reduce industrial water pollution?
A. Waste disposal
B. Water treatment
C. Open dumping
D. Landfilling
Answer: B. Water treatment
Q. What is the main purpose of segregating garbage?
A. Recycling
B. Burning
C. Landfilling
D. Dumping
Answer: A. Recycling
Q. Which energy conservation practice involves turning off unused appliances?
A. Plugging in
B. Unplugging
C. Running
D. Charging
Answer: B. Unplugging
Q. Which method helps conserve fossil fuels in transportation?
A. Diesel cars
B. Hybrid cars
C. Petrol cars
D. Electric bikes
Answer: B. Hybrid cars
Q. What is conservation defined as in the chapter?
A. Sustainable use
B. Wasteful use
C. Unrestricted use
D. Excessive use
Answer: A. Sustainable use
Q. Which type of waste breaks down and mixes with soil easily?
A. Biodegradable
B. Non-biodegradable
C. Synthetic
D. Recyclable
Answer: A. Biodegradable
Q. What does CNG stand for?
A. Compressed natural gas
B. Combined natural gas
C. Carbon natural gas
D. Chemical natural gas
Answer: A. Compressed natural gas
Q. What energy is produced by falling water?
A. Solar
B. Tidal
C. Hydroelectricity
D. Wind
Answer: C. Hydroelectricity
Q. Which energy is derived from the sun?
A. Wind
B. Solar
C. Biomass
D. Hydro
Answer: B. Solar
Q. What does NGO stand for?
A. Non-government
B. National group
C. New organization
D. Not government
Answer: A. Non-government
Q. When was the Damodar Valley Corporation project set-up?
A. July 7 1948
B. June 7 1948
C. August 7 1948
D. May 7 1948
Answer: A. July 7 1948
Q. What is one of the main objectives of the Damodar Valley Corporation project?
A. Flood control
B. Mining
C. Urban development
D. Industrialisation
Answer: A. Flood control
Q. Which river’s water is utilised by the Damodar Valley Corporation project?
A. Ganga
B. Yamuna
C. Damodar
D. Brahmaputra
Answer: C. Damodar
Q. Which dam is part of the Damodar Valley Corporation project?
A. Maithon
B. Tehri
C. Sardar Sarovar
D. Bhakra
Answer: A. Maithon
55. Which option is not an objective of the Damodar Valley Corporation project?
A. Flood control
B. Power generation
C. Mining
D. Irrigation
Answer: C. Mining
