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Destruction of Ecosystem: NBSE Class 9 Environment
Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 3 Destruction of Ecosystem, NBSE Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments
Summary
Land is a special resource that supports life. When people overuse or misuse natural resources, it harms the ecosystem. Sometimes, too much carbon dioxide or methane in the air can also cause harm. Natural disasters and human actions can destroy ecosystems. This destruction leads to problems like global warming, water shortages, and the loss of animal species.
Many things cause ecosystems to break down. Cutting down trees for farming or building cities reduces the number of plants and animals. Pollution in the air, water, and soil makes life hard for living things. Climate change caused by burning fuels changes weather patterns and affects animals. Overfishing, hunting too much, and cutting too many trees make it hard for nature to recover. Non-native plants or animals can hurt local species. Building cities takes away natural homes for animals.
The way people use land changes over time. Land can be used for forests, farming, or building houses. In some places, most land is used for farming, while in others, very little is. In areas with few people, there is enough land for animals to graze and for fun activities. In crowded places, even hills are turned into farms, and forests are cleared for houses. People have changed land for big farms, housing, factories, roads, schools, and shops.
Population growth changes how land is used. More people means more need for food, minerals, roads, and houses. Moving from villages to cities creates problems. Villages lose people, and cities become overcrowded. Factories and cities grow by taking over farmland and forests. More houses are built to fit everyone. Cars and trucks need roads, which take up space. Dams are built to produce energy, but they flood forests and farms. This forces people to move and changes the area.
Cutting forests for wood or farming harms the environment. Shifting cultivation, where farmers clear land and then leave it, is bad for animals and pollutes the air. Tourism and adventure activities create garbage and disturb wildlife. Mining for metals and stones damages the ground. War destroys land and pollutes the air, water, and soil. All these actions change how land is used and harm nature.
The 20th century saw a big rise in population. Migration from villages to cities affects both areas. Industrialization changes how land is used. Cities grow by taking over farmland and forests. Traffic jams and slums are common in big cities. Dams, deforestation, tourism, mining, and war all change how land is used. These changes affect the environment and the lives of animals and people.
Textbook solutions
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. How much land is used for agriculture in Barbados?
(a) 70% (b) 77% (c) 75% (d) 80%
Answer: (b) 77%.
2. In 1950, the total population of the world was:
(a) 30 million (b) 40 million (c) 29 million (d) 35 million
Answer: (b) 40 million.
3. Who is the largest producer of hydropower in the world?
(a) India (b) Canada (c) England (d) America
Answer: (b) Canada.
4. Process of obtaining minerals from the earth’s crust is called:
(a) Logging (b) Dwelling (c) Mining (d) None of these
Answer: (c) Mining.
5. Rate of exhaustion of resources is …………..than the rate of replenishment for renewable resources.
(a) Slower (b) Faster (c) Equal (d) None of these
Answer: (b) Faster
Very Short Answer Questions
1. What do you understand by landuse?
Answer : Landuse refers to the land that is put to a particular use, such as forest, farming, construction, pasture, wasteland, etc. The pattern of landuse varies from area to area and country to country.
2. Which years experienced maximum increase in the population growth?
Answer : The 20th century witnessed a tremendous increase in population growth.
3. What are slums?
Answer : Slums are areas that develop in the big cities of developing countries, often characterized by poor living conditions and inadequate housing.
4. Name the common dwelling units in the cities?
Answer : The common dwelling units in the cities are houses or apartments that are constructed to accommodate the growing population, particularly due to the continuous entry of migrating populations into urban areas.
5. Which people indulge in shifting agriculture?
Answer : Shifting agriculture is practiced by people in regions such as North-East India, Central Africa, North-Eastern South America, and Asia. It is an ancient farming method widely used in these areas.
6. Name two types of mining?
Answer : The two types of mining are surface mining and underground mining.
Short Answer Questions
1. Why does rural urban migration take place in developing countries?
Answer : Rural to urban migration takes place in developing countries because people are shifting from rural areas due to low wages, uneconomic landholdings, poor facilities for education and health, and other factors that operate in rural areas, forcing people to move out. Additionally, as countries shift from an agricultural to an industrial base, streams of migration into urban areas occur, posing a lot of problems.
2. Why are industrial areas located at the outskirts of the city?
Answer : Industrial areas are located at the outskirts of the city because industries cause pollution, and therefore, they are allocated land away from the main urban areas to minimize their harmful effects on the population living in the city.
3. Give a brief description of urban landscape?
Answer : Urban landscape is characterized by major changes in the landscape due to urbanization. Most cities grow by annexing agricultural or forest land, leading to a tremendous change when agricultural landscapes convert into roads, buildings, and other structures. Skyscrapers can be observed in metropolitan cities, with roads and streets criss-crossing each other. Busy markets, movement of people, noises, and traffic jams are typical features of the city landscape.
4. How does transport change the urban landscape?
Answer : Transport changes the urban landscape by making people interact with remote areas and promoting trade, but it also leads to increasing dependence on vehicles. The problems associated with auto-vehicles include air pollution, traffic congestion, highway accidents, and the consumption of large amounts of energy sources. Traffic jams, noise pollution, and air pollution are common features of the urban landscape. Additionally, bridges and flyovers are increasingly being constructed in urban areas to accommodate growing traffic.
5. How does dams affect the landscape of the region?
Answer : Dams affect the landscape of the region by requiring huge construction activity to build the dam and canals. Large amounts of river water are stored in the form of a lake, which is used to generate power, and this changes the entire landscape of the area. A significant amount of forest land is submerged in the lake created by the dam, and many farmlands are also submerged. Additionally, a large number of people are displaced due to dam construction. A serious impact of hydropower is the occurrence of earthquakes, though they are not very frequent. In rare cases of dam failure, devastating floods may occur. Thus, the construction of dams causes destruction of the ecosystem and changes the land use pattern.
6. List two activities that require clear cutting of forests?
Answer : Two activities that require clear cutting of forests are logging and mining.
7. List two effects of clear cutting of forests?
Answer : Clear cutting of forests makes the soil naked, leading to excessive erosion, and results in the loss of habitat for animals, disturbing the ecosystem.
8. Give reasons for the encroachment on agricultural land?
Answer : Fertile agricultural land is annexed due to fast-expanding cities, and amusement parks are also being constructed on agricultural land. This changes the landscape of the region and disturbs the ecosystem. Additionally, the growing population demands more food, but agricultural land is decreasing every year, putting pressure on cultivable land to grow more food.
9. How does tourism and pilgrimage affect the landscape?
Answer : Tourism, pilgrimage, recreation, and adventure activities affect the landscape in several ways:
(i) The clean environment starts becoming unclean because a large number of tourists need water, housing, sewage facilities, etc.
(ii) Nowadays, even National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries have become tourist spots, where rare species may become victims of human intervention.
(iii) Pilgrimage centers are often littered with garbage, which changes the landscape of the region.
(iv) Several recreational parks in big cities attract thousands of visitors daily, who litter the beautiful parks. Adventurous water games are more susceptible to spreading waterborne diseases.
(v) In mountains, adventurous sports attract many people, contributing to changes in the landscape and environmental degradation.
10. What is the effect of bomb explosion on the landscape?
Answer : When bombs explode, all the buildings are razed to the ground, and the landscape changes in seconds. Besides killing many people, even traditional weapons are very destructive, which are capable of destroying the environment with noise, air, soil, and water pollution.
Long Answer Questions
1. Rapidly growing population compels change in landuse pattern. Discuss.
Answer : Rural to urban migration affects rural as well as urban areas. The rate of exhaustion of resources is faster than the rate of replenishment for renewable resources. Increasing population growth creates unprecedented demand for the resources. In order to meet the requirements of the growing population, the landuse is changed for more food, more minerals, more roads, more cities, and more houses. The growth of the human population gives birth to conditions like urbanization and industrialization. Due to industrialization, depletion of resources and erosion of land surface also arise. Fertile agricultural land is sacrificed for city growth, affecting agricultural production, which is enhanced by the application of chemical fertilizers, further deteriorating the ecosystem.
Change in landuse pattern is to a great extent associated with industrialization. Most cities grow by annexing agricultural or forest land. Slums develop in the big cities of developing countries. Traffic jams are a common feature of the urban landscape. Dams, deforestation, and shifting cultivation affect landuse patterns. Tourism, mining, and war also contribute to the changing landuse pattern.
2. How does rural-urban migration affect the rural and urban areas?
Answer : Rural-urban migration affects both rural and urban areas in the following ways:
In rural areas:
i. Villages become under-populated as people move to urban areas due to factors like low wages, uneconomic landholdings, and poor facilities for education and health.
ii. Rural resources remain underutilized.
In urban areas:
i. Cities become overpopulated, leading to acute pressure on urban resources.
ii. The land use pattern is altered to meet the requirements of the growing urban population.
iii. Urbanization leads to major changes in the landscape, such as agricultural or forest land being converted into roads, buildings, and other infrastructure.
iv. Skyscrapers, busy markets, movement of people, noise, and traffic congestion become typical features of the urban landscape.
v. Migration affects not only the ecosystem of rural areas but also of urban areas.
3. Describe the role played by the industries in affecting the landuse.
Answer : Industries play a significant role in affecting land use as they require land to build. Huge amounts of forests have been cut down for industrialization. As more industries are set up, there is an increased need for human resources or manpower. The adverse effects of industrialization include the requirement of more land to build houses or apartments for the settlement of people. Industries also cause pollution and are therefore allocated land in the outskirts of cities, referred to as industrial areas. This area is created either by sacrificing fertile agricultural land or forests. Lush green fields and forests are converted into large structures with smoke-releasing smokestacks. Thus, the change in land use patterns is significantly associated with industrialization.
4. What is urbanization? How does it change the landuse pattern?
Answer : Urbanization is the process of growing urban population and is related to industrialization. It leads to major changes in the landscape, such as cities growing by annexing agricultural or forest land. This results in a tremendous change when agricultural landscapes convert into roads, buildings, etc. Urbanization causes changes in landuse patterns by increasing the demand for housing, infrastructure, and other urban facilities, which often come at the expense of fertile agricultural land and forests.
5. What type of dwelling units develop in the cities? Give reasons.
Answer : In cities, common dwelling units include houses, apartments, and slums. Houses or apartments are constructed to accommodate the growing population, particularly due to the continuous entry of migrating populations into urban areas. This creates pressure on land, leading to changes in land use patterns. Slums, on the other hand, develop in the big cities of developing countries, often as a result of rural-to-urban migration, where people move to cities in search of better opportunities but end up living in informal settlements due to a lack of affordable housing.
6. Give a detailed account of the causes of deforestation?
Answer : Deforestation takes place due to several factors, which include:
i. Increasing population growth has led to the fast exploitation of forests as man tries to get too much in little time from forests, exerting immense pressure on them.
ii. Growing demand for wood, which is a major building material, has resulted in large-scale cutting of trees.
iii. More area is required to put under cultivation to meet the food requirements of the growing population, leading to the sacrifice of forest cover.
iv. The clear-cutting technique of felling trees, where all the trees of an area are removed abruptly, is very harmful as it makes the soil naked and leads to excessive erosion.
v. Habitat for animals is lost due to deforestation, disturbing the ecosystem severely.
7. How does mining affect the landuse pattern?
Answer : Mining affects the landuse pattern as it involves extracting useful minerals from the surface of the earth, including the seas. The increasing demand for power exhausts reserves of coal, petroleum, etc., and rapid urbanization requires large amounts of construction materials like limestone, marble, slate, and granite. All these minerals are extracted from the surface or beneath the surface of the earth. The methods of obtaining minerals damage the landscape severely. In many cases, several gases are also released into the atmosphere, and a lot of coal dust spreads in areas where coal mining is practiced, which can damage the landscape and ecosystem severely.
8. War besides killing several people also affects the landuse. Explain.
Answer : War impacts land use in various ways. International tensions between neighboring countries lead to a warlike situation, where defense forces occupy a significant amount of area along international borders. During such situations, forests are often cleared for the easy movement of troops and war materials. When war actually breaks out, fields are frequently damaged by vehicles like tanks rolling on the ground. Additionally, bunkers are constructed by digging into the land. Explosions caused by bombs destroy buildings and drastically alter the landscape within seconds. Even traditional weapons contribute to environmental destruction through noise, air, soil, and water pollution.
Extras
Additional questions and answers
1. Which two greenhouse gases causing ecosystem degradation?
Answer: The two greenhouse gases causing ecosystem degradation are carbon dioxide and methane.
Q. Name any four major impacts of ecosystem destruction.
Answer: The four major impacts of ecosystem destruction include natural disasters, global warming, water shortage, and extinction of species.
Q. What do you understand by overexploitation?
Answer: Overexploitation refers to the overuse of resources such as overfishing, hunting, and logging, which depletes resources faster than they can regenerate, leading to ecosystem imbalance and species extinction.
Q. Define invasive species.
Answer: Invasive species are non-native species introduced to new environments that can outcompete, prey on, or bring diseases to native species, further disrupting ecosystems.
Q. What is meant by habitat loss in the context of ecosystem destruction?
Answer: Habitat loss refers to the destruction or fragmentation of natural habitats, often due to deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, leading to a decline in biodiversity as species lose their natural homes.
Q. Mention any two adverse effects of population growth on renewable resources.
Answer:
(i) The rate of exhaustion of resources is faster than the rate of replenishment for renewable resources.
(ii) Increasing population growth creates unprecedented demand for the resources.
Q. Give one reason why rural resources remain underutilised due to migration.
Answer: Villages are becoming under-populated and cities over-populated. Rural resources remain underutilized and urban resources face acute pressure.
Q. Where are industries commonly located in a city, and why?
Answer: Industries are commonly located in the outskirts of the city, which is called the industrial area, because industries cause pollution.
Q. Give any two typical features of a city landscape affected by urbanisation.
Answer:
(i) Skyscrapers can be observed in the metropolitan cities.
(ii) Roads and streets criss-cross each other.
Q. List any two problems associated with the growing number of vehicles in urban areas.
Answer: The problems associated with the growing number of vehicles in urban areas are:
(i) Air pollution
(ii) Traffic congestion
Q. What is the clear cutting technique used in forests?
Answer: The clear cutting technique is a method of felling trees in which all the trees of an area are removed abruptly.
Q. Name two other terms used for shifting cultivation.
Answer: The two other terms used for shifting cultivation are slash and burn cultivation and Jhum cultivation.
Q. Mention one way in which amusement parks contribute to the annexing of farmland.
Answer: Amusement parks contribute to the annexing of farmland by being built on fertile agricultural land.
Q. Name any two minerals commonly extracted through mining.
Answer: Two minerals commonly extracted through mining are iron and manganese.
Q. Explain how excessive carbon dioxide and methane can lead to ecosystem destruction.
Answer: Excessive carbon dioxide or methane can lead to ecosystem destruction by contributing to global warming, which alters weather patterns, affects species migration, and disrupts ecosystems.
Q. Describe how habitat loss disrupts biodiversity.
Answer: Habitat loss disrupts biodiversity by causing a decline in species populations as they lose their natural homes. This is often due to deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion, which fragment and destroy habitats.
Q. State three ways in which pollution degrades ecosystem.
Answer: (i) Air pollution degrades ecosystems by releasing harmful gases that affect air quality and harm living organisms.
(ii) Water pollution contaminates water bodies, affecting aquatic life and the health of entire ecosystems.
(iii) Soil pollution degrades land quality, making it unsuitable for plant growth and disrupting soil organisms.
Q. Give three specific reasons why overexploitation threatens species survival.
Answer: (i) Overexploitation depletes resources faster than they can regenerate, leading to ecosystem imbalance.
(ii) Overfishing, hunting, and logging reduce species populations, pushing them toward extinction.
(iii) Overuse of resources disrupts natural processes, affecting the survival of species dependent on those resources.
Q. How do invasive species outcompete native species in a new environment?
Answer: Invasive species outcompete native species by preying on them, bringing diseases, or competing for resources like food and habitat, which disrupts the existing ecosystem balance.
Q. In what ways can a large dam alter the ecology of its surrounding area?
Answer: A large dam can alter the ecology of its surrounding area in the following ways:
(i) It requires huge construction activity to make the dam and canals.
(ii) A large amount of river water is stored in the form of a lake, which is used to generate power. The entire landscape of the area is changed by building a dam.
(iii) A lot of forest land is submerged in the lake that is created by the dam.
(iv) Many farmlands are also submerged, and a lot of people are displaced.
(v) A serious impact of hydropower is the occurrence of earthquakes, although they are not very frequent, some areas are affected severely.
(vi) In a rare case of dam failure, devastating floods may occur. The construction of dams thus causes destruction of the ecosystem besides changing land use.
Q. How does encroaching forests through logging and mining impact the environment?
Answer: Encroaching forests through logging and mining impacts the environment in the following ways:
(i) Logging and mining have put immense pressure on the forests.
(ii) Forests have the capacity to supply various things needed by man, but man tries to get too much in little time from forests, exerting pressure on them.
(iii) This fast exploitation of forests is the result of rocketing population growth.
(iv) As the population increases, the demand for wood also increases as it is a major building material.
(v) More area is required to put under cultivation to meet the food requirements of the growing population, and for which forest cover is sacrificed.
(vi) Clear cutting technique of felling trees is very harmful, as all the trees of an area are removed abruptly, making the soil naked and leading to excessive erosion.
(vii) Habitat for animals is lost, and it disturbs the ecosystem. All these factors put a lot of pressure on the forest ecosystem.
Q. Describe three harmful effects of shifting cultivation on local ecosystems.
Answer: The harmful effects of shifting cultivation on local ecosystems are:
(i) It is very harmful for wild animals.
(ii) It creates a lot of air pollution.
(iii) It is through this type of cultivation that numerous species of insects are burnt alive, thus the whole ecosystem gets imbalanced.
Q. Discuss how tourism and pilgrimage can strain natural resources in a region.
Answer: Tourism and pilgrimage can strain natural resources in a region in the following ways:
(i) The clean environment starts becoming unclean because a large number of tourists need water, housing, sewage facilities, etc.
(ii) Nowadays, even National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries have become tourist spots, and sometimes rare species in these parks may become victims of human intervention.
(iii) The pilgrimage centres are often found littered with garbage, which changes the landscape of the region.
(iv) Several recreational parks are being opened in big cities, and thousands of people visit these places every day, littering the beautiful parks. Adventurous water games are more susceptible because water-borne diseases spread easily.
(v) Similarly, in mountains, many adventurous sports attract lots of people. All such activities contribute to the change in landscape and environmental degradation.
Q. Explain how mining operations can damage the balance of the landscape and ecosystem.
Answer: Mining operations can damage the balance of the landscape and ecosystem in the following ways:
(i) Increasing demand for power exhausts the reserves of coal, petroleum, etc.
(ii) Rapid urbanization requires a lot of construction of buildings, which needs limestone, marble, slate, granite, etc.
(iii) All these minerals are extracted from the surface or beneath the surface of the earth.
(iv) The methods of obtaining minerals damage the landscape more severely.
(v) In many cases, several gases are also released into the atmosphere. A lot of coal dust spreads in the areas where coal mining is practiced and can damage the landscape and ecosystem severely.
Q. Examine how war activities can lead to long-term environmental consequences.
Answer: War activities can lead to long-term environmental consequences in the following ways:
(i) In a warlike situation, the defense forces occupy a lot of area along the international border.
(ii) The army sometimes clears forests for the easy movement of troops and other war material.
(iii) When war actually breaks out, the fields are often damaged with vehicles like tanks rolling on the ground.
(iv) Bunkers are made by digging the land.
(v) When bombs explode, all the buildings are razed to the ground, and the landscape changes in seconds, besides killing many people. Even traditional weapons are very destructive and are capable of destroying the environment with noise, air, soil, and water pollution.
26. Outline three strategies that might help restore or protect ecosystems.
Answer: The following strategies might help restore or protect ecosystems:
- Protecting natural habitats.
- Reducing pollution.
- Promoting sustainable practices.
Additional MCQs
1. What is the main cause of ecosystem destruction?
A. Overexploitation
B. Natural calamities
C. Climate change
D. Invasive species
Answer: A. Overexploitation
Q. Which activity is defined as cutting down trees for agriculture or urban development?
A. Deforestation
B. Pollution
C. Urbanization
D. Mining
Answer: A. Deforestation
Q. Habitat loss is often caused by which factor?
A. Urbanization
B. Mining
C. Migration
D. Transport
Answer: A. Urbanization
Q. Which factor results in water contamination affecting aquatic life?
A. Pollution
B. War
C. Migration
D. Mining
Answer: A. Pollution
Q. Which human activity releases greenhouse gases contributing to global warming?
A. Fossil burning
B. Urban expansion
C. Crop farming
D. Logging
Answer: A. Fossil burning
Q. Overfishing, hunting, and logging are examples of which process?
A. Overexploitation
B. Deforestation
C. Urbanization
D. Migration
Answer: A. Overexploitation
Q. Introduction of non-native species is known as?
A. Invasive species
B. Deforestation
C. Pollution
D. Overfishing
Answer: A. Invasive species
Q. Expanding cities that encroach on natural habitats is an example of?
A. Urbanization
B. Mining
C. Agriculture
D. Transport
Answer: A. Urbanization
Q. Landuse refers to land used for a particular?
A. Specific use
B. Soil type
C. Natural form
D. Water resource
Answer: A. Specific use
Q. In Barbados, what percentage of land is used for agriculture?
A. 77%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 0.2%
Answer: A. 77%
Q. In Oman, what percentage of land is under agriculture?
A. 0.2%
B. 77%
C. 25%
D. 50%
Answer: A. 0.2%
Q. In densely populated areas, slopes are often modified as?
A. Terraces
B. Roads
C. Parks
D. Farms
Answer: A. Terraces
Q. Drawing maps to assess land contribution to the economy is called?
A. Land mapping
B. GIS survey
C. Land usage mapping
D. Urban planning
Answer: C. Land usage mapping
Q. An unprecedented demand for resources due to increasing human numbers is caused by?
A. Population growth
B. Migration
C. Urbanization
D. Industrialization
Answer: A. Population growth
Q. The movement of people from rural to urban areas is called?
A. Migration
B. Urbanization
C. Industrialization
D. Tourism
Answer: A. Migration
Q. Industries often set up on city outskirts due to?
A. Pollution
B. Industrialization
C. Urban congestion
D. High costs
Answer: B. Industrialization
Q. The process of growing urban population is known as?
A. Urbanization
B. Migration
C. Population boom
D. Expansion
Answer: A. Urbanization
Q. The pressure on land due to continuous construction of housing units is attributed to?
A. Dwelling units
B. Mining
C. Transport
D. War
Answer: A. Dwelling units
Q. An increase in auto vehicles in urban areas primarily causes?
A. Traffic jams
B. Deforestation
C. Reforestation
D. Mining
Answer: A. Traffic jams
Q. Increased transport dependency leads to which problem?
A. Air pollution
B. Soil fertility
C. Plant growth
D. Water clarity
Answer: A. Air pollution
Q. A serious impact of hydropower mentioned in the chapter is?
A. Earthquakes
B. Floods
C. Fires
D. Droughts
Answer: A. Earthquakes
Q. In case of dam failure, the most likely occurrence is?
A. Floods
B. Fires
C. Droughts
D. Earthquakes
Answer: A. Floods
Q. Logging and mining together put immense pressure on?
A. Forests
B. Cities
C. Rivers
D. Fields
Answer: A. Forests
Q. The technique involving complete removal of trees from an area is called?
A. Clear cutting
B. Selective logging
C. Reforestation
D. Plantation
Answer: A. Clear cutting
Q. The reduction of fertile agricultural land due to expanding cities is caused by?
A. Urban sprawl
B. Deforestation
C. Migration
D. Mining
Answer: A. Urban sprawl
Q. Shifting cultivation is also known as?
A. Slash and burn
B. Terracing
C. Crop rotation
D. Irrigation
Answer: A. Slash and burn
Q. Shifting cultivation adversely affects which of the following?
A. Wild animals
B. Urban life
C. Mining
D. Transport
Answer: A. Wild animals
Q. Increased tourism can lead to which environmental issue?
A. Littering
B. Reforestation
C. Mining
D. Agriculture
Answer: A. Littering
Q. Mining damages the landscape by which process?
A. Extraction
B. Farming
C. Urbanization
D. Migration
Answer: A. Extraction
Q. Clearing forests for troop movement is associated with?
A. War
B. Migration
C. Urbanization
D. Tourism
Answer: A. War
Q. Bomb explosions in war cause significant?
A. Pollution
B. Growth
C. Stability
D. Harmony
Answer: A. Pollution
Q. Habitat is defined as a place where organisms can?
A. Live, grow, reproduce
B. Only live
C. Only grow
D. Only reproduce
Answer: A. Live, grow, reproduce
Q. Landuse means the land is put to a particular?
A. Use
B. Design
C. Function
D. Role
Answer: A. Use
Q. Shifting cultivation is widely practiced in which regions?
A. Northeast India
B. Central Africa
C. South America
D. All
Answer: D. All
Q. The 20th century witnessed a tremendous increase in?
A. Population growth
B. Mining activity
C. Deforestation
D. Tourism
Answer: A. Population growth
Q. Rural to urban migration results in?
A. Village decline, city growth
B. Village growth only
C. City decline only
D. No change
Answer: A. Village decline, city growth
Q. Industrial areas are typically located on the?
A. City outskirts
B. City center
C. Rural core
D. Industrial zone
Answer: A. City outskirts
Q. The increase in auto vehicles results in?
A. Traffic congestion
B. Forest cover
C. Rural expansion
D. Mining growth
Answer: A. Traffic congestion
Q. Large bridges and flyovers are built to?
A. Accommodate traffic
B. Expand cities
C. Protect forests
D. Boost mining
Answer: A. Accommodate traffic
Q. Hydropower plants may cause which seismic activity?
A. Earthquakes
B. Aftershocks
C. Tremors
D. Landslides
Answer: A. Earthquakes
Q. Dam construction alters the?
A. Landscape
B. Economy
C. Culture
D. Climate
Answer: A. Landscape
Q. A common consequence of air, water, and soil pollution is?
A. Degradation
B. Growth
C. Stability
D. Expansion
Answer: A. Degradation
Q. Expanding cities replace the natural landscape with a?
A. Human landscape
B. Green cover
C. Wetland
D. Forest area
Answer: A. Human landscape
Q. Overexploitation of resources often leads to?
A. Species extinction
B. Urban growth
C. Increased yield
D. Stable supply
Answer: A. Species extinction
Q. Deforestation primarily reduces?
A. Biodiversity
B. Population
C. Agriculture
D. Economy
Answer: A. Biodiversity
Q. Remote sensing and GIS are used in?
A. Land usage mapping
B. Mining survey
C. Urban design
D. Water testing
Answer: A. Land usage mapping
Q. Increased energy consumption in transport is due to?
A. Auto vehicles
B. Bicycles
C. Walking
D. Cycling
Answer: A. Auto vehicles
Q. Human demand for resources forces landuse change for more?
A. Food, minerals, housing
B. Only food
C. Only minerals
D. Only housing
Answer: A. Food, minerals, housing
Q. Mining releases harmful?
A. Gases
B. Water
C. Soil
D. Plants
Answer: A. Gases
Q. Industrialization leads to modification of land for?
A. Factories and airports
B. Forests only
C. Agriculture only
D. Tourism only
Answer: A. Factories and airports
Q. Clear cutting directly causes?
A. Soil erosion
B. Urban growth
C. Mining
D. Migration
Answer: A. Soil erosion
Q. War changes the landscape by causing?
A. Destruction
B. Growth
C. Stability
D. Reforestation
Answer: A. Destruction
Q. A major cause of deforestation in agriculture is?
A. Forest clearance
B. Urban design
C. Mining
D. Tourism
Answer: A. Forest clearance
Q. Which traditional farming method is also called slash and burn?
A. Shifting cultivation
B. Terrace farming
C. Crop rotation
D. Irrigation
Answer: A. Shifting cultivation
Q. Niagara Falls’ Horseshoe falls is how long?
A. 670 m
B. 328 m
C. 500 m
D. 800 m
Answer: A. 670 m
Q. In which year did large scale power generation at Niagara Falls begin?
A. 1896
B. 1900
C. 1880
D. 1910
Answer: A. 1896
Q. What percentage of India’s urban population is poor?
A. 31%
B. 25%
C. 40%
D. 50%
Answer: A. 31%
Q. What percentage of India’s poor live in urban areas?
A. 25%
B. 31%
C. 40%
D. 50%
Answer: A. 25%
Q. According to anthropologists, industrialization is considered the?
A. Second revolution
B. First revolution
C. Third revolution
D. No revolution
Answer: A. Second revolution
Q. Cities typically grow by annexing which type of land?
A. Agricultural land
B. Urban land
C. Desert land
D. Mountain land
Answer: A. Agricultural land
Q. A common feature of urban landscapes is?
A. Traffic jams
B. Forest cover
C. Farmlands
D. Wetlands
Answer: A. Traffic jams
62. Factors such as dams, deforestation, and shifting cultivation affect?
A. Landuse pattern
B. Population growth
C. Urban planning
D. Mining activity
Answer: A. Landuse pattern
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