People as Resources: NBSE Class 9 Environment

Summary

People are important for any country. They help in making things and providing services. When we talk about people as resources, we mean their skills and abilities to work. People become more useful when they get education, training, and healthcare. This is called human resource development. A healthy and educated person can work better and help the economy grow.

There are different types of work people do. Some work in farms or mines. These are primary activities. Others make finished goods from raw materials. These are secondary activities. There are also jobs in services like teaching, banking, and transport. These are tertiary activities. Jobs that earn money are economic activities. Jobs done for free at home are non-economic activities.

Men and women often do different kinds of work. Men usually work outside the home. Women often handle domestic chores without pay. But women who work outside sometimes earn less than men. Education helps both men and women get better jobs. Better education and health improve the quality of life for everyone.

The quality of a population means how healthy, skilled, and educated people are. Good health helps a person work well. Health is not just about being free from illness but also about physical and mental well-being. Countries try to provide good healthcare to all citizens. Many hospitals and doctors are available, especially in cities.

Education is very important. It helps people understand their rights and duties. Schools teach children to become good citizens. The government has started many programs to educate all children. These include free meals at school and special attention to girls’ education. Education helps people find jobs and live better lives.

Unemployment happens when people want to work but cannot find jobs. Sometimes, too many people work on a task that needs fewer workers. This is disguised unemployment. Seasonal unemployment happens when work is available only during certain times of the year. Unemployment causes problems like poverty and frustration among people. It affects the whole country negatively.

Improving education and health can reduce unemployment. Good policies can help people find jobs. People need to be trained in new skills to work in different sectors. The main goal is to make sure everyone can contribute to the country’s growth.

Textbook solutions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Quarrying and manufacturing is included in……

(a) Primary
(b) Tertiary
(c) Secondary
(d) Non-economic

Answer : C. Secondary

2. All those activities which give income to the people are known as……

(a) Non-economic activities
(b) Primary activities
(c) Secondary activities
(d) Economic activities

Answer : D. Economic activities

3. It is a situation under which a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job.

(a) Unemployment
(b) Poverty
(c) Disguised unemployment
(d) Non-economic activity

Answer : A. Unemployment

4. Teaching is a……

(a) Non-economic activity
(b) Economic activity
(c) Tertiary activity
(d) Primary activity

Answer : C. Tertiary activity

Very Short Answer Questions

1. Define resources.

Answer : Resources are assets that may be utilized in producing goods and services which make contributions to enhancing the standard of living of people.

2. Define health.

Answer : Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

3. What are economic activities?

Answer : Economic activities are those activities which add value to the nation’s income. They produce a new well and offer a service.

4. Define non-economic activities.

Answer : Non-economic activities are those activities which do not give income in return and do not contribute to the flow of goods and services in the economy.

5. What do you mean by quality of population?

Answer : Quality of population refers to the various aspects that determine the overall well-being, health, and productivity of a population. The most important parts of the population’s quality are the literacy rate, health, and skills.

6. Define unemployment.

Answer : Unemployment is a situation when a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the importance of education?

Answer : The importance of education is as follows:

(i) It makes better citizens by opening our minds, expanding our horizons, and enabling us to understand our duties as citizens while encouraging us to follow them. An educated person is considered a better citizen.
(ii) It ensures a productive future by securing the future of those who receive good education and by increasing productivity through the acquisition of new skills and talents.
(iii) It spreads awareness by informing individuals about their rights and the services they can access, and on a basic level, it teaches them to differentiate between right and wrong.
(iv) It helps in decision-making by enabling individuals to take the right decisions and avoid losses.
(v) It strengthens democracy as educated citizens are aware of their rights and duties and can participate in democracy in various ways.

Long Answer Questions

1. Define unemployment. What are the major types of unemployment prevailing in India?

Answer : Unemployment is a situation when a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job. The major types of unemployment prevailing in India are: +

(a) Disguised Unemployment: In this, more people are engaged in an activity than required. The people who are actually engaged in such an activity appear to be employed but are not fully employed. In such cases, even if the surplus laborers are removed from work, production does not fall. In India, the problem is particularly acute in the agriculture sector.
(b) Seasonal Unemployment: In this, people are employed during some parts of the year and remain without work during the rest of the year owing to the seasonal nature of work. For example, agriculture in India is a seasonal activity. Some other types of unemployment include Structural Unemployment, Educated Unemployment, and Technical Unemployment.

2. Give three measures taken by Government to improve literacy condition in India.

Answer : Three measures taken by the Government to improve literacy conditions in India are:

(i) Government had established Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district.
(ii) There is a provision made for providing universal access, retention, and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls.
(iii) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen.

3. ‘Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of a country’. Give reasons.

Answer : Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of a country because to earn maximum profits is the aim of any firm, and no firm would be induced to employ people who might not work efficiently as a healthy worker. Henceforth, improvement in the health status of the population ensures that workers are more productive and contribute effectively to the economy. Additionally, our national policy aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare, and nutritional services with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population. Over the last five decades, India has built up a vast health infrastructure and developed manpower required at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in both government and private sectors.

4. What is the main aim of ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’?

Answer : The main aim of ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ is to provide universal access, retention, and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls. It also focuses on ensuring elementary education for all children in the age group of six to fourteen. Furthermore, it aims at enhancing enrolment, retention, and attendance through initiatives like the Mid Day Meal Scheme and focuses on girls’ education through the National Programme for Education of girls at the Elementary level.

5. Name the factors on which the quality of population depends. How does the quality of population decide the growth rate of the country? Explain.

Answer : The factors on which the quality of population depends are literacy rate, health, and skill formation. The quality of population decides the growth rate of the country because if people remain illiterate, they would find it difficult to adjust to new production techniques and would not be able to contribute much to the economy. On the other hand, educated citizens can make the best use of the resources, can educate, and actively contribute to the development of the country. If people are unhealthy, they would be less productive because of increased absenteeism and the lesser ability to work. If the workers are provided training, which may be formal or informal, that would improve their productivity and help in increasing the production of the economy.

6. “Employment structure is characterised by self-employment in the primary sector”. Explain the statement.

Answer : The employment structure being characterised by self-employment in the primary sector means that a significant portion of the workforce is engaged in activities closely related to the natural environment, such as gathering, hunting, fishing, lumbering, grazing, farming, and mining. These occupations often involve individuals working independently or within family units, relying directly on natural resources for their livelihoods. This type of employment is typical in sectors where people utilize raw materials from nature to produce goods or commodities.

7. ‘Health should be treated as an important asset for human capital’. Analyse the statement with reference to our national health policy.

Answer : Health should be treated as an important asset for human capital because it determines the overall well-being, productivity, and ability of individuals to contribute to the economy. A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, is termed as health. The health of a person helps them realize their potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for the family, organization, and the country. To earn maximum profits, firms aim to employ people who work efficiently, which highlights the importance of a healthy workforce. Hence, improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country.

Our national health policy aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare, and nutritional services, with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population. Over the last five decades, India has built up a vast health infrastructure and developed manpower required at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in both government and private sectors. This focus on health ensures that individuals can actively participate in economic activities and contribute effectively to society.

The key focus points of the national health policy include:
(a) The welfare of the family
(b) Accessibility to healthcare
(c) Nutrition to every individual
(d) Building good health infrastructure

Improvement in health enhances workplace wellbeing, job satisfaction, and resilience, making individuals more effective and productive. Thus, health plays a crucial role in shaping human capital and ensuring economic progress.

8. Explain any three effects of unemployment.

Answer : Three effects of unemployment are:

Unemployment leads to loss of human resources and also leads to underutilization of natural resources.
It generates poverty, as people fall under heavy debts and their economic problems multiply.
It causes many social problems, such as terrorism, dishonesty, immorality, gambling, bribery, theft, and robbery.

9. Which two states in India have poor health facilities in comparison with others? State the ways by which health facilities in these states can be improved.

Answer : Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are two Indian states that have historically faced challenges in providing adequate healthcare services.

To improve health facilities in these states, several strategies can be implemented:

Enhance Healthcare Infrastructure: Investing in the construction and modernization of healthcare facilities, including primary health centres, community health centres, and district hospitals, is essential. This involves ensuring the availability of necessary medical equipment and supplies to provide comprehensive care.
Recruit and Train Healthcare Professionals: Addressing the shortage of qualified medical staff by recruiting and retaining doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals is crucial. Implementing continuous medical education and training programs can improve the quality of care.
Improve Accessibility: Developing transportation infrastructure and mobile health units can ensure that remote and rural populations have access to healthcare services.
Strengthen Preventive Care and Public Health Programs: Implementing programs focused on immunization, maternal and child health, nutrition, and health education can reduce the incidence of preventable diseases.
Increase Health Financing: Allocating adequate financial resources to the health sector and ensuring efficient utilization can improve service delivery.
Promote Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborating with private healthcare providers can enhance service availability and quality.
Implement Health Information Systems: Developing robust health information systems can improve data collection, monitoring, and decision-making processes.
Community Engagement and Awareness: Educating communities about health issues and involving them in health planning can lead to better health outcomes.

Extras

Additional questions and answers

1. What do you understand by resource?

Answer : A resource refers to anything which can be transformed in a way that it becomes more valuable and useful. Resources are assets that may be utilized in producing goods and services, contributing to enhancing the standard of living of people.

Q. Define human capital.

Answer : Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population becomes human capital when investment is made in the form of education, training, and medical care.

Q. What does “People as Resource” mean?

Answer : “People as Resource” refers to a way of considering a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. It means that people who form a part of the workforce play a significant role in economic growth by contributing to the productive resources of the country.

Q. Define human capital formation.

Answer : Human capital formation refers to the process where existing human resources are further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, adding to the productive power of the country just like physical capital formation.

Q. What are economic activities?

Answer : Economic activities are those activities that contribute to the flow of goods and services in an economy and add value to the nation’s income. These activities produce new goods and offer services, and they are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.

Q. Define non-economic activities.

Answer : Non-economic activities are those activities that do not give income in return and do not contribute to the flow of goods and services in the economy. These activities are performed for self-consumption and are also known as non-market activities.

Q. What is division of labour?

Answer : Division of labour refers to the separation of tasks and roles between men and women in the family due to historical and cultural reasons. Men work in fields, factories, sell produce in markets, and earn money for the family, while women generally look after domestic chores and are unpaid for their services in upbringing the family. Women are paid for their work only when they enter the labour market, and their pay is usually lower compared to men.

Q. What is literacy rate?

Answer : Literacy rate refers to the percentage of the population of a given age group that can read and write.

Q. Define health.

Answer : Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Q. What do you mean by unemployment?

Answer : Unemployment is a situation when a person is willing to work but fails to find any gainful work or job.

Q. What is disguised unemployment?

Answer : Disguised unemployment is a situation where more people are engaged in an activity than required. The people who are actually engaged in such an activity appear to be employed but are not fully employed. In such cases, even if the surplus laborers are removed from work, production does not fall. In India, the problem is particularly acute in the agriculture sector.

Q. Define seasonal unemployment.

Answer : Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are employed during some parts of the year and remain without work during the rest of the year due to the seasonal nature of work. For example, agriculture in India is a seasonal activity..

Q. Define educated unemployment.

Answer : Educated unemployment refers to a situation where individuals who have received education are unable to find gainful employment or jobs despite being willing to work.

Q. Explain the importance of investing in human resources.

Answer : Investing in human resources is important because it transforms population into human capital by making investments in education, training, and healthcare. This enhances the workforce’s productivity, making it more beneficial for the economy. Investment in human resources yields high rates of return in the future, similar to investments in land and capital. A child who receives investments in education, skill formation, and health can yield high returns in the future through higher earnings and greater contributions to society. Educated parents are found to invest more heavily in their children’s education and health, creating a virtuous cycle, while poor parents often cannot afford such investments, perpetuating a vicious cycle.

Q. What is human resource development?

Answer : Human resource development refers to programs aimed at improving the productivity of a company, increasing its overall productivity, and enhancing employee satisfaction. It is achieved by providing facilities like education, healthcare, formal and informal training, which improve workers’ productivity. When existing human resources are further developed through education and health, it leads to human capital formation, adding to the productive power of the country, just like physical capital formation.

Q. Differentiate between economic and non-economic activities.

Answer : Economic activities are those that contribute to the flow of goods and services in an economy, increase national income, and indicate economic progress. Examples include ploughing a field or working in a factory. Non-economic activities, on the other hand, do not contribute to the flow of goods and services, are not included in national income, and do not signify economic progress. These activities result only in a transfer of income from one person to another and are performed for self-consumption. An example is teaching one’s son at home.

Q. What are primary economic activities? Give examples.

Answer : Primary economic activities include occupations that are closely related to man’s natural environment. Examples of primary activities are gathering, hunting, fishing, lumbering, grazing, farming, and mining.

Q. Explain secondary economic activities with examples.

Answer : Secondary economic activities involve the production of finished goods by using products from primary activities as raw materials. Examples of secondary activities include manufacturing cloth from cotton, producing sugar from sugarcane, and making steel from iron ore.

Q. What are tertiary activities? List any two examples.

Answer : Tertiary activities consist of all service occupations. These are required to support both primary and secondary activities. Two examples of tertiary activities are transport and communication.

Q. Why is population considered an asset rather than a liability?

Answer : Population is considered an asset rather than a liability because it can be turned into a productive resource through investment in human capital, such as education, training, and healthcare. When people become educated, skilled, and healthy, they contribute to the economic growth of the country by increasing productivity and production. Human beings are the most important factor of production, and when investment is made in their development, they add value to the economy just like physical capital.

Q. What is the division of labour for men?

Answer : The division of labour for men includes working in fields, factories, selling produce in markets, and earning money for the family. Men earn income, which they use to fulfill the needs of their family.

Q. How is labour divided for women?

Answer : Labour for women is generally divided into domestic chores, where they look after the household and upbringing of the family without being paid. Women are paid for their work only when they enter the labor market, but their pay is often lower compared to men. Most women work in the unorganized sector, where job security, legal protection, maternity leave, childcare, and other social security systems are absent. However, women with high education and skill formation are paid at par with men, especially in sectors like teaching, medicine, administration, and jobs requiring scientific and technological competence.

Q. List two factors determining the quality of population?

Answer : Two factors determining the quality of population are:

Literacy rate
Health

Q. What are the impacts of poor health on productivity?

Answer : The impacts of poor health on productivity are:

People would be less productive because of increased absenteeism.
There would be a lesser ability to work.

Q. Explain why educated parents invest more in their children’s health and education?

Answer : Educated parents are found to invest more heavily on the education and health of their child because they realize the value of education, proper health, and other investments that allow their children to earn high in the future. This cycle is referred to as a virtuous cycle.

Q. What facilities are missing in the unorganised sector, especially for women?

Answer : In the unorganised sector, various facilities are missing, especially for women, including job security, legal protection, basic facilities like maternity leave, childcare, and other social security systems. Employment in this sector is characterized by irregular and low income, and women are generally paid less compared to men.

Q. Discuss the role of human capital in economic growth.

Answer : Human capital plays a vital role in economic growth as it refers to the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. When investment is made in the form of education, training, and medical care, population becomes human capital. Human beings are considered the most important factor of production. By improving their skills and abilities through education and healthcare, they contribute significantly to the economic growth of a country. A large population, often seen as a liability, can be turned into a productive asset by investing in human capital, which adds to the productive power of the country similar to physical capital formation.

Q. Explain how human resource development benefits both workers and the economy.

Answer : Human resource development benefits both workers and the economy in the following ways:

Providing facilities like education, healthcare, formal and informal training improves the productivity of workers.
A healthy worker is much more productive compared to a worker who remains sick and is absent from work. Similarly, through training, workers can acquire new skills, helping them increase production.
When the existing human resource is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, it leads to human capital formation, which contributes to the economy’s growth.
Investment in human resources yields high rates of return in the future, benefiting both individuals and the nation. Educated and skilled workers earn higher incomes and contribute more effectively to society and the economy.

Q. Elaborate on how education contributes to the quality of the population?

Answer : Education contributes to the quality of the population by making individuals capable of better utilizing economic opportunities available to them. It is a major determinant of earning potential in the market. Education helps in skill formation, which improves productivity and contributes to economic development. Educated citizens can make better use of resources, educate others, and actively contribute to societal progress. Furthermore, well-educated parents are more likely to invest in their children’s education and health, ensuring a virtuous cycle of human capital formation.

Q. Explain the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Answer : Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are engaged in an activity than required. In such cases, even if surplus laborers are removed from work, production does not fall. This issue is particularly acute in the agriculture sector in India. On the other hand, seasonal unemployment happens when people are employed during certain parts of the year but remain without work for the rest of the year due to the seasonal nature of their jobs, such as in agriculture, which is a seasonal activity.

Q. Describe the economic implications of unemployment?

Answer : Unemployment leads to several economic implications, including:

Loss of human resources and underutilization of natural resources.
Generation of poverty as people fall into heavy debts and their economic problems multiply.
Wastage of manpower resources, which could otherwise contribute to the development of the economy.
Increase in social problems such as terrorism, dishonesty, immorality, gambling, bribery, theft, and robbery.
Disruption of the economy, causing it to go out of gear.
Rise in government expenditure on maintaining law and order.
Political instability in the country due to unemployment.
Maximum exploitation of laborers in a state of unemployment.

Q. Explain the division of labour between men and women.

Answer : Due to historical and cultural reasons, there is a division of labour between men and women in the family.

Labour division for Men: Men work in the fields, work in factories, sell the produce in the market, and earn money for the family. They earn money, which they spend to fulfill the needs of their family.

Labour division for Women: Women generally look after domestic chores. They are not paid for the services delivered for the upbringing of the family. They are paid for their work when they enter the labour market. Their paying amount is low as compared to men. A majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. Most women work in the unorganized sector where job security is not there. Various activities relating to legal protection are meagre. Employment in this sector is characterized by irregular and low income. In this sector, there is an absence of basic facilities like maternity leave, childcare, and other social security systems. However, women with high education and skill formation are paid at par with men. Among the organized sector, teaching and medicine attract them the most. Some women have entered administrative and other services, including jobs that need high levels of scientific and technological competence.

Q. Why is education important for democracy?

Answer : Education is important for democracy because educated citizens are aware about their rights and duties, and education can help people participate in democracy in a variety of ways.

33. What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Answer : Health plays a significant role in human capital formation as it contributes to the overall well-being, productivity, and quality of the population. A healthy person can realize their potential and has the ability to fight illness, making them more productive. If people are unhealthy, they would be less productive due to increased absenteeism and a lesser ability to work. Improvement in the health status of the population has been a priority for the country because it ensures that individuals can work efficiently. Healthy workers contribute better to economic activities, help utilize resources effectively, and actively participate in the development of the country.

Additional MCQs

1. Anything that can be transformed to become more useful is known as?

A. Capital
B. Resource
C. Asset
D. Commodity

Answer: B. Resource

Q. Population becomes human capital when investment is made in what?

A. Education
B. Training
C. Healthcare
D. All above

Answer: D. All above

Q. People as Resource refers to which of the following?

A. Raw materials
B. Working people
C. Financial assets
D. Natural resources

Answer: B. Working people

Q. Which of these is not an investment for human capital formation?

A. Education
B. Training
C. Healthcare
D. Entertainment

Answer: D. Entertainment

Q. Human resource development aims to increase a company’s what?

A. Taxes
B. Profit margins
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Market share

Answer: C. Employee satisfaction

Q. Which activity is an example of a primary economic activity?

A. Farming
B. Manufacturing
C. Teaching
D. Banking

Answer: A. Farming

Q. Producing finished goods from raw materials is an example of which activity?

A. Secondary
B. Primary
C. Tertiary
D. Non-economic

Answer: A. Secondary

Q. Which category does transport belong to?

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Non-economic

Answer: C. Tertiary

Q. Teaching by a father to his son at home is an example of?

A. Economic activity
B. Primary activity
C. Tertiary activity
D. Non-economic activity

Answer: D. Non-economic activity

Q. An increase in which activities indicates economic progress?

A. Illiteracy
B. Economic activities
C. Unemployment
D. Non-economic activities

Answer: B. Economic activities

Q. Activities that contribute to the flow of goods and services are called?

A. Non-economic
B. Economic
C. Transfer
D. Unproductive

Answer: B. Economic

Q. In traditional labour division, men typically engage in what type of work?

A. Domestic chores
B. Factory work
C. Childcare
D. Informal work

Answer: B. Factory work

Q. Women in traditional settings usually perform which role?

A. Factory work
B. Market sales
C. Domestic chores
D. Fieldwork

Answer: C. Domestic chores

Q. In the unorganised sector, women’s jobs are often characterised by?

A. Regular hours
B. High pay
C. Job security
D. Irregular income

Answer: D. Irregular income

Q. Which factor is key in enhancing individual economic opportunities?

A. Age
B. Education
C. Location
D. Gender

Answer: B. Education

Q. The quality of population depends on literacy, health and what else?

A. Wealth
B. Skills
C. Age
D. Income

Answer: B. Skills

Q. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social what?

A. Fitness
B. Wellbeing
C. Strength
D. Alertness

Answer: B. Wellbeing

Q. Which factor does not improve worker productivity?

A. Health
B. Training
C. Education
D. Unemployment

Answer: D. Unemployment

Q. Which scheme was introduced to enhance enrolment, retention and attendance in schools?

A. Mid Day Meal
B. Navodaya Vidyalaya
C. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
D. RTE Bill

Answer: A. Mid Day Meal

Q. In which year was the Right to Education Bill passed?

A. 2007
B. 2008
C. 2009
D. 2010

Answer: C. 2009

Q. Unemployment is defined as a situation when a person is willing to work but is ____.

A. Not seeking work
B. Willing but jobless
C. Overqualified
D. Inactive

Answer: B. Willing but jobless

Q. Which type of unemployment involves employing more people than necessary?

A. Excess labour
B. Seasonal
C. Structural
D. Technical

Answer: A. Excess labour

Q. Which unemployment type is caused by the seasonal nature of work?

A. Seasonal
B. Structural
C. Educated
D. Disguised

Answer: A. Seasonal

Q. Unemployment generally does not lead to which of the following?

A. Poverty
B. Social harmony
C. Political instability
D. Exploitation

Answer: B. Social harmony

Q. Employment in which sector lacks facilities such as maternity leave and childcare?

A. Organised
B. Unorganised
C. Public
D. Formal

Answer: B. Unorganised

Q. Manufacturing steel from iron ore is an example of which activity?

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Non-economic

Answer: B. Secondary

Q. Which government initiative made education a Fundamental Right?

A. RTE Bill
B. Mid Day Meal
C. Navodaya Vidyalaya
D. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Answer: A. RTE Bill

Q. Education plays a vital role in decision-making by helping people to ____.

A. Hesitate
B. Ignore
C. Guide
D. Obscure

Answer: C. Guide

Q. Human capital formation adds to a country’s overall ____.

A. Wealth
B. Productivity
C. Infrastructure
D. Debt

Answer: B. Productivity

Q. An increase in economic activities is a sign of ____.

A. Progress
B. Decline
C. Stagnation
D. Regression

Answer: A. Progress

Q. A teacher employed in a formal school setting is part of which economic activity?

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Non-economic

Answer: C. Tertiary

Q. The productive skills and abilities of a country’s working people are known as?

A. Natural resources
B. Human capital
C. Machinery
D. Capital goods

Answer: B. Human capital

Q. Investment in human resources primarily aims to improve what?

A. Profit margins
B. Productivity
C. Taxes
D. Costs

Answer: B. Productivity

Q. Compared to a sick worker, a healthy worker is typically ____.

A. Less productive
B. Equally productive
C. More productive
D. Unreliable

Answer: C. More productive

Q. The first step in developing a country’s workforce is through ____.

A. Mining
B. Education
C. Trading
D. Banking

Answer: B. Education

Q. The cycle where educated parents invest in their child’s future resulting in high returns is called a ____.

A. Vicious cycle
B. Virtuous cycle
C. Circular cycle
D. Static cycle

Answer: B. Virtuous cycle

Q. Which of the following is not a factor determining the quality of the population?

A. Literacy
B. Health
C. Skills
D. Wealth

Answer: D. Wealth

Q. Investment on people, as described in the chapter, refers to ____.

A. Real estate
B. Stock trading
C. Human development
D. Machinery purchase

Answer: C. Human development

Q. The term human capital specifically denotes a person’s ____ and skills.

A. Financial status
B. Education skills
C. Physical strength
D. Natural talent

Answer: B. Education skills

Q. Investment in human resources yields high returns in the form of ____.

A. Lower taxes
B. Higher earnings
C. Reduced costs
D. Minimal output

Answer: B. Higher earnings

Q. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan primarily focuses on providing which level of education?

A. Preschool
B. Elementary
C. Secondary
D. Higher

Answer: B. Elementary

Q. The Mid Day Meal Scheme is aimed at improving school ____.

A. Retention
B. Expenditure
C. Taxation
D. Infrastructure

Answer: A. Retention

Q. In which sector are women likely to receive pay at par with men due to high skill formation?

A. Unorganised
B. Informal
C. Organised
D. Primary

Answer: C. Organised

Q. Unemployment results in the wastage of which resource?

A. Capital
B. Manpower
C. Land
D. Technology

Answer: B. Manpower

Q. Which factor is crucial for a person’s ability to fight illness?

A. Health
B. Wealth
C. Age
D. Gender

Answer: A. Health

Q. Health care accessibility is primarily targeted at which group in government policy?

A. Wealthy
B. Urban elite
C. Under privileged
D. Senior citizens

Answer: C. Under privileged

Q. Building medical infrastructure is a focus of which element of health policy?

A. Family welfare
B. Accessibility
C. Nutrition
D. Infrastructure

Answer: D. Infrastructure

Q. Ploughing a field is an example of which type of activity?

A. Economic
B. Non-economic
C. Unproductive
D. Transfer

Answer: A. Economic

Q. Disguised unemployment refers to the presence of ____ in an activity.

A. Excess labour
B. Overemployment
C. Unqualified work
D. Inactivity

Answer: A. Excess labour

Q. Which economic activity involves using raw materials to create finished products?

A. Tertiary
B. Primary
C. Secondary
D. Non-economic

Answer: C. Secondary

52. Investment in human resources is comparable to investing in ____.

A. Shares
B. Land
C. Bonds
D. All above

Answer: D. All above

Ron'e Dutta

Ron'e Dutta is a journalist, teacher, aspiring novelist, and blogger who manages Online Free Notes. An avid reader of Victorian literature, his favourite book is Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. He dreams of travelling the world. You can connect with him on social media. He does personal writing on ronism.

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