Salient Features of the Constitution II: ICSE Class 9 Civics

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Get notes, summary, questions and answers, MCQs, extras, and PDFs of Chapter 3 “Salient Features of the Constitution II” which is part of ICSE Class 9 Civics (Morning Star) workbook answers. However, the notes should only be treated as references and changes should be made according to the needs of the students.

Summary

The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution serve as guiding principles for the government to create laws and policies aimed at establishing social and economic welfare. They are detailed in Part IV of the Constitution, covering Articles 36 to 51. These principles are not enforceable by law, meaning that citizens cannot take the government to court for failing to implement them. However, they remain significant as a framework for good governance, helping to build a just society.

The framers of the Constitution drew inspiration from several sources. These include the Constitution of Ireland, Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas, and international documents like the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Directive Principles outline goals such as ensuring justice, equality, and dignity for citizens. They serve as a moral obligation for governments to follow while making decisions.

One of the key aims of these principles is to shape India into a Welfare State, which focuses on ensuring the well-being of all its citizens, especially those who are economically and socially weaker. Governments have introduced policies based on these principles. For example, the Right to Education Act provides free education to children aged 6 to 14, and laws have been made to abolish untouchability.

Although Directive Principles do not hold legal weight in court, they reflect the country’s long-term aspirations. Amendments like the 42nd Amendment of 1976 make it clear that laws made under the Directive Principles cannot be declared unconstitutional, even if they limit some individual rights. This places the welfare of society above individual interests.

Textbook solutions

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Which of the following constitute the guidelines given in the Constitution for governance of the country?

A. Laws in the Constitution
B. Fundamental Rights
C. Directive Principles of State Policy
D. None of the above

Answer: C. Directive Principles of State Policy

2. Which of the following formed the sources for drafting the Directive Principles of State Policy?

A. Irish Constitution
B. UN Human Rights Charter
C. Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas
D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

3. The Directive Principles are mere ______ to the State to attain certain set objectives.

A. Orders
B. Requests
C. Directions
D. Promises

Answer: C. Directions

4. Directive Principles are ______.

A. Enforceable by courts
B. Not Justiciable
C. Obligatory
D. Mandatory

Answer: B. Not Justiciable

5. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the Directive Principles?

A. They provide a measure to judge a government’s performance.
B. They provide a framework for political, social and economic programmes for a modern democratic state.
C. They enlighten and educate people about profitability for the nation.
D. They provide a direction to courts in respect of safeguarding rights of the citizens.

Answer: C. They enlighten and educate people about profitability for the nation.

6. Identify the statements about Fundamental Rights which are correct.

P. They are provided in Part III of the Constitution.
Q. They are a certain kind of restriction on the State.
R. Their aim is to establish a Welfare State.
S. They provide a measure to judge a government’s performance.

A. P and Q
B. P and S
C. R and S
D. Q and R

Answer: A. P and Q

7. Which of the following measures reflect the implementation of Directive Principles by the government?

A. Untouchability made a punishable offence
B. The Right to Education Act
C. Reservations for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS)
D. All of the above

Answer: D. All of the above

8. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana: Housing :: Ayushman Bharat : ______.

A. Employment
B. Health
C. Insurance
D. None of the above

Answer: B. Health

Short Answer Questions

1. What are known as Directive Principles of State Policy? In which part of the Constitution are Directive Principles incorporated?

Answer: The Directive Principles are the guidelines to be followed by the government in the governance of the country. They are incorporated in Part IV of the Constitution under Articles 36 to 51.

2. Name four important sources of Directive Principles.

Answer: (i) The Constitution of the Irish Republic, which contains the Principles of Social Policy for the guidance of legislators.
(ii) The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens of revolutionary France.
(iii) The ideas of Mahatma Gandhi.
(iv) The Charter of Human Rights framed by the United Nations.

3. When the Directive Principles are not enforceable by law courts, why have they been incorporated in the Constitution?

Answer: The Directive Principles are important because they provide a framework, political, social and economic programme for a modern democratic State, and give guidelines to the government to make laws and draft their policies. They also provide a measure to judge a government’s performance and direct the government towards the goal of a Welfare State.

4. What happens in case of any conflict between the Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights? Give reason to support your answer.

Answer: In case of any conflict between the Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights, the former shall prevail. This is because the welfare of the people as a whole is of paramount importance over that of an individual.

5. Name any two measures taken by the Government towards implementation of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Answer:

• The Right to Education Act has made it mandatory for every child between the ages of 6-14 to be provided free education in all government and government-aided schools.
• Special scholarships are provided to socially and economically weaker sections of the society. There is a system of reservation of seats in jobs and educational institutions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Structured Questions

1. There are differences of opinion regarding the significance of both the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights. In this context explain the following:

(a) State any three differences between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.

Answer:

• Directive Principles are provided in Part-IV of the Constitution, whereas Fundamental Rights are provided in Part-III.
• Directive Principles are not justiciable or enforceable by any court of law, whereas Fundamental Rights are justiciable and citizens can seek protection from a High Court or Supreme Court in case of infringement.
• Directive Principles aim to establish a Welfare State, while Fundamental Rights aim to establish political democracy.

(b) How do the Directive Principles complement Fundamental Rights?

Answer: The Directive Principles complement Fundamental Rights by providing a framework of policies for the government to implement, which promote the social, economic, and political welfare of the citizens. While Fundamental Rights provide individual privileges and freedoms, the Directive Principles aim to guide the government in creating conditions that help in the realization of these rights, thereby ensuring a harmonious balance between individual rights and the broader goals of social welfare.

(c) What is the importance of Directive Principles?

Answer:

• Directive Principles provide a political, social, and economic framework for a modern democratic state.
• They guide the government to make laws and draft policies based on fundamental principles, summarizing the objectives of the Constitution.
• They help to assess a government’s performance.

2. With reference to the concept of a ‘Welfare State,’ answer the following questions:

(a) What is meant by a ‘Welfare State’?

Answer: A Welfare State is a state that seeks to ensure the maximum happiness of the maximum number of people living within its territory. It aims to provide social and economic justice, ensuring dignity for every individual and catering to the well-being of its citizens.

(b) How does the Constitution of India seek to establish India as a Welfare State?

Answer: The Constitution of India seeks to establish India as a Welfare State through the Directive Principles of State Policy. These directives emphasize the goal of Indian polity as a Welfare State where the government has the duty to provide social and economic justice, ensuring dignity and equality for every citizen. Over the decades, both the Union and State governments have worked towards implementing these principles to establish social and economic democracy, the cornerstone of a Welfare State.

(c) Mention any four government schemes aimed at social upliftment of the poor.

Answer:

• Ayushman Bharat Yojana: A health scheme providing insurance coverage of up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year.
• Pradhan Mantri Samaan Nidhi Yojana: Providing Rs. 6000 annually to small and marginalised farmers.
• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Providing LPG connections to Below Poverty Line households.
• Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana: Financial assistance for constructing pucca houses for the houseless and those living in dilapidated houses.

Thinking Skills

1. Why do you think the Directive Principles of State Policy are not justiciable by any court of law? Give reasons to support your answer.

Answer: The Directive Principles of State Policy are not justiciable by any court of law because they are mere guidelines for the government to frame policies and laws. They do not confer legal rights on individuals which can be enforced by courts. These principles are meant to ensure the government’s focus on the welfare and development of the nation and its people. Since they provide directions rather than impose legal obligations, they cannot be subject to judicial intervention.

2. Suppose you are made the Minister for Social Welfare. What measures would you initiate for the welfare of weaker sections of the society?

Answer: If I were made the Minister for Social Welfare, I would initiate the following measures for the welfare of weaker sections of the society:

• Implementation of free and quality education for all children from weaker sections.
• Providing affordable healthcare services and ensuring health insurance coverage for economically disadvantaged groups.
• Ensuring job reservations and financial aid to socially and economically backward communities.
• Launching housing schemes for the homeless and providing financial assistance for building houses.
• Creating skill development programs aimed at empowering weaker sections of society to gain employment or start their own businesses.

Extras MCQs

1. In which part of the Indian Constitution are the Directive Principles of State Policy found?

A. Part II
B. Part III
C. Part IV
D. Part V

Answer: C. Part IV

Q. Which articles of the Indian Constitution contain the Directive Principles of State Policy?

A. Articles 20 to 35
B. Articles 36 to 51
C. Articles 52 to 75
D. Articles 15 to 30

Answer: B. Articles 36 to 51

Q. The Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution are inspired by which country’s constitution?

A. United States
B. France
C. Ireland
D. Canada

Answer: C. Ireland

Q. Which international document influenced the framers of the Indian Constitution in incorporating Directive Principles?

A. Magna Carta
B. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C. Treaty of Versailles
D. Geneva Convention

Answer: B. Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Q. The Directive Principles of State Policy are non-justiciable. What does this mean?

A. They are optional
B. They cannot be enforced by courts
C. They are subject to interpretation
D. They apply only during emergencies

Answer: B. They cannot be enforced by courts

Q. Which constitutional amendment states that if a law is made to give effect to any of the Directive Principles, it will not be declared unconstitutional even if it infringes on Fundamental Rights?

A. 44th Amendment
B. 73rd Amendment
C. 42nd Amendment
D. 86th Amendment

Answer: C. 42nd Amendment

Q. Which amendment to the Indian Constitution provided 10 percent reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) from the upper castes?

A. 103rd Amendment
B. 74th Amendment
C. 52nd Amendment
D. 86th Amendment

Answer: A. 103rd Amendment

Q. The Directive Principles aim to establish which type of state according to the Indian Constitution?

A. Police State
B. Authoritarian State
C. Welfare State
D. Theocratic State

Answer: C. Welfare State

Q. Which act was introduced to fulfill the Directive Principles’ commitment to promoting the educational and economic interests of weaker sections of society?

A. Right to Information Act
B. Right to Education Act
C. Prevention of Corruption Act
D. Forest Rights Act

Answer: B. Right to Education Act

Q. The provision of 10 percent reservation for EWS in government jobs and education under the 103rd Amendment Act applies to people with an annual income less than which amount?

A. Rs. 5 lakhs
B. Rs. 7 lakhs
C. Rs. 8 lakhs
D. Rs. 10 lakhs

Answer: C. Rs. 8 lakhs

Q. In which year was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted, influencing the Indian Constitution?

A. 1945
B. 1946
C. 1947
D. 1948

Answer: D. 1948

Q. Which principle among the Directive Principles is aimed at providing social and economic justice?

A. Gandhian Principle
B. Economic Principle
C. Welfare Principle
D. Social Principle

Answer: A. Gandhian Principle

Q. Which Fundamental Right is related to political democracy as per the Indian Constitution?

A. Right to Property
B. Right to Equality
C. Right to Education
D. Right to Work

Answer: B. Right to Equality

Q. Untouchability in India has been made an offense under which directive principle?

A. Social Equality and Justice
B. Economic Justice
C. Right to Education
D. Right to Property

Answer: A. Social Equality and Justice

Q. Which amendment act makes it clear that in case of any conflict between the Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights, the former shall prevail?

A. 44th Amendment Act
B. 42nd Amendment Act
C. 103rd Amendment Act
D. 86th Amendment Act

Answer: B. 42nd Amendment Act

Q. What does the Right to Education Act mandate for private schools in India?

A. Provide free education for all students
B. Reserve 25% of seats for economically weaker sections
C. Offer scholarships to all students
D. Hire government-approved teachers

Answer: B. Reserve 25% of seats for economically weaker sections

Q. When was the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act passed by the Parliament?

A. September 2012
B. September 2013
C. January 2014
D. August 2015

Answer: B. September 2013

Q. Which old law was replaced by the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013?

A. Land Reforms Act, 1950
B. Zamindari Abolition Act, 1951
C. Land Acquisition Act, 1894
D. Nationalisation Act, 1972

Answer: C. Land Acquisition Act, 1894

Q. What was the main purpose of the Nationalisation of banks, insurance companies, and key industries in India?

A. To increase private ownership
B. To ensure ownership of resources for community welfare
C. To encourage foreign investment
D. To reduce government control

Answer: B. To ensure ownership of resources for community welfare

Q. What does the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 ensure?

A. Free legal aid
B. Universal employment
C. Equal pay for equal work
D. Just payment to workers

Answer: D. Just payment to workers

Q. When was the Women Reservation Bill, known as Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, passed by the Parliament?

A. September 21, 2022
B. September 28, 2023
C. September 21, 2023
D. January 1, 2024

Answer: C. September 21, 2023

Q. What percentage of reservation does the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam provide to women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies?

A. 25%
B. 30%
C. 33%
D. 40%

Answer: C. 33%

Q. Which scheme provides health coverage up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for poor and vulnerable families in India?

A. Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana
B. Ayushman Bharat Yojana
C. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
D. Jan Dhan Yojana

Answer: B. Ayushman Bharat Yojana

Q. How much financial assistance is provided to small and marginal farmers annually under the Pradhan Mantri Samaan Nidhi Yojana?

A. Rs. 2000
B. Rs. 3000
C. Rs. 6000
D. Rs. 5000

Answer: C. Rs. 6000

Q. What is the financial support provided for each LPG connection under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana?

A. Rs. 1000
B. Rs. 1500
C. Rs. 1600
D. Rs. 2000

Answer: C. Rs. 1600

Q. Under the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana, what is the assistance amount given to beneficiaries in plain areas for house construction?

A. Rs. 1,00,000
B. Rs. 1,20,000
C. Rs. 1,50,000
D. Rs. 2,00,000

Answer: B. Rs. 1,20,000

Q. When was the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana launched?

A. January 1, 2016
B. January 13, 2016
C. February 1, 2016
D. March 15, 2016

Answer: B. January 13, 2016

Q. What is the uniform premium rate that farmers have to pay for all kharif crops under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana?

A. 1%
B. 2%
C. 3%
D. 5%

Answer: B. 2%

Q. Which scheme was announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 15, 2014, to open bank accounts for the poor?

A. Ayushman Bharat Yojana
B. Jan Dhan Yojana
C. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
D. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana

Answer: B. Jan Dhan Yojana

Q. How many days of guaranteed wage employment does the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provide to rural households?

A. 50 days
B. 75 days
C. 100 days
D. 120 days

Answer: C. 100 days

31. What is one of the key principles of India’s foreign policy related to disarmament?

A. Support for partial disarmament
B. Complete disarmament
C. Arms race with neighboring countries
D. Limited disarmament for small countries

Answer: B. Complete disarmament

Extra Questions and Answers

1. What are the Directive Principles?

Answer: The Directive Principles are guidelines for the government to follow in the governance of the country. They are outlined in Part IV of the Constitution, under Articles 36 to 51. The Directive Principles are not laws but are meant to be considered by the government when making laws. These principles contain lofty ideas and reflect deep human thought, belief, and knowledge. The Directive Principles are unique to the Constitutions of India and Ireland.

Q. What are the sources of the Directive Principles?

Answer: The framers of the Indian Constitution were inspired by five major sources while drafting the Directive Principles:

• The Constitution of the Irish Republic, which includes Principles of Social Policy.
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens from revolutionary France.
• The ideas of Mahatma Gandhi, as the Directive Principles include Gandhian Principles.
• The Charter of Human Rights from the United Nations.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the United Nations during the time the Constituent Assembly was deliberating on the Indian Constitution.

Q. Why are the Directive Principles important?

Answer: Despite being non-justiciable, the Directive Principles hold great importance for several reasons:

• They represent a pledge made by the Constitution’s framers to the people of India, outlining a framework for a modern democratic state.
• They guide governments in drafting laws and policies based on these principles, thus ensuring a sense of permanence in democracy.
• They serve as a benchmark for evaluating the government’s performance.
• They direct the government toward the goal of establishing a Welfare State, reflecting the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as mentioned in the Preamble.
• They educate citizens on what to expect from their elected politicians.
• They provide direction to courts in safeguarding citizens’ rights.
• Public opinion generally supports the Directive Principles, backing the goal of establishing social and economic order.

Q. What was the significance of the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976?

Answer: The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added a crucial provision to the Constitution, stating that if a law is made to give effect to any Directive Principle, it will not be declared unconstitutional, even if it violates rights under Articles 14, 19, and 31. This amendment clarifies that in case of conflict between Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights, the former shall prevail, as the welfare of the people as a whole takes precedence over individual rights. However, the Directive Principles remain unenforceable by any court, meaning that citizens cannot compel the government to implement these directives, although they are morally significant.

Q. What is a Welfare State?

Answer: A Welfare State is one that seeks to ensure the maximum happiness of the largest number of people within its territory. The Indian Constitution aims to establish a Welfare State, although the term is not explicitly mentioned. The Directive Principles of State Policy clearly outline the goals of a Welfare State, emphasizing that the State has a duty to ensure social and economic justice, along with individual dignity. Both the Union and State governments have taken steps over the past six decades to implement the Directive Principles, which aim to establish social and economic democracy, the core objective of a Welfare State.

Q. What steps have been taken to implement the Directive Principles related to social equality and justice?

Answer: Various steps have been taken by the Union and State governments to implement the Directive Principles concerning social equality and justice:

• The Right to Education Act mandates free education for children aged 6-14 in all government and government-aided schools. Private schools are also required to reserve 25% of seats for children from economically weaker sections.
• Special scholarships are provided to socially and economically weaker sections, along with a system of reservation in jobs and educational institutions for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• Untouchability has been made a punishable offence under the law.
• The Constitution (103rd Amendment) Act of 2019 introduced a 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in government jobs and higher education, fulfilling the Directive Principles under Article 46 to promote the educational and economic interests of weaker sections of society.

Q. What is the difference between Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights?

Answer: The difference between Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights are:

Directive Principles	Fundamental Rights
1. Provided in Part-IV of the Constitution.	1. Provided in Part-III of the Constitution.
2. Not justiciable or enforceable by any court of law.	2. Justiciable. Citizens can seek protection from courts.
3. Aim to establish a Welfare State.	3. Aim to establish political democracy.
4. Scope is wider; they cover a broad range of subjects, including international peace and security.	4. Scope is limited to individual rights.
5. Directions to the State to attain certain objectives.	5. Act as restrictions on the State.
6. Meant for the government to create certain privileges for citizens.	6. Privileges for citizens to enjoy.

Q. What system did the Government abolish to reform rural India?

Answer: The Government abolished the Zamindari System and introduced the land reform programme to do away with the old feudal socio-economic structure of rural India.

Q. When was the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition Act passed?

Answer: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2013, was passed by Parliament in September 2013 and came into force on January 1, 2014.

Q. What did the 2013 Land Acquisition Act aim to provide?

Answer: The 2013 Land Acquisition Act aimed to provide fair compensation, transparency in land acquisition, and rehabilitation and resettlement for those affected by the land acquisition process.

Q. What was nationalised to serve the common good?

Answer: Banks, insurance companies, and key industries were nationalised to ensure the ownership of material resources was distributed for the best service to the common good.

Q. How is the payment of wages governed in India?

Answer: The payment of wages is governed by the Government under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, ensuring just payment and equal pay for equal work.

Q. What does the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam provide?

Answer: The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam provides 33 per cent reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for 15 years, with the possibility of extending this period.

Q. When was the Ayushman Bharat Yojana launched?

Answer: The Ayushman Bharat Yojana, a centrally sponsored health scheme, was launched in 2018.

Q. What coverage does the Ayushman Bharat Yojana provide?

Answer: The Ayushman Bharat Yojana provides coverage of up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation, benefitting 10 crore poor and vulnerable families.

Q. What financial support does the Pradhan Mantri Samaan Nidhi Yojana offer farmers?

Answer: The Pradhan Mantri Samaan Nidhi Yojana offers small and marginalised farmers Rs. 6,000 per year, paid in three installments of Rs. 2,000 each, to help them procure inputs for crop health and yield.

Q. What does the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana provide?

Answer: The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana provides financial support of Rs. 1600 for each LPG connection to Below Poverty Line households, aiming for universal coverage of cooking gas and empowering women.

Q. What is the goal of the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana?

Answer: The goal of the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana is to provide financial assistance for the construction of pucca houses for houseless people and those living in dilapidated houses.

Q. When was the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana launched?

Answer: The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana was launched on January 13, 2016.

Q. What premiums do farmers pay under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana?

Answer: Under the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, farmers pay 2 per cent for kharif crops, 1.5 per cent for rabi crops, and 5 per cent for commercial and horticultural crops.

Q. What social upliftment scheme was announced by Narendra Modi in 2014?

Answer: The Jan Dhan Yojana was announced by Narendra Modi on August 15, 2014, to open bank accounts for the poor and provide them with insurance and financial services.

Q. What does the Jan Dhan Yojana offer to account holders?

Answer: The Jan Dhan Yojana offers life insurance cover of Rs. 30,000 and a RuPay-enabled debit card, along with a one lakh accidental insurance benefit to account holders.

Q. What were the objectives of the 2013 Land Acquisition Act?

Answer: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act of 2013 aimed to:

• Establish a law on land acquisition.
• Provide fair compensation to those whose land is taken.
• Ensure transparency in the acquisition of land for factories, buildings, and infrastructure projects.
• Assure rehabilitation and resettlement of affected individuals. The Act replaced the Land Acquisition Act of 1894, a law from the British era, and it came into force on January 1, 2014.

Q. What were the key features of the Ayushman Bharat Yojana?

Answer: The Ayushman Bharat Yojana, launched in 2018, is a comprehensive health scheme that includes:

• Health and Wellness Centres and the National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS).
• Coverage for 10 crore poor and vulnerable families.
• Coverage of up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalisation.
• Benefits that are portable across the country.
• Cashless benefits from public or private empanelled hospitals across the nation.

25. What is the purpose of the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana?

Answer: The Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana aims to:

• Provide financial assistance for constructing pucca houses for houseless people and those living in dilapidated houses.
• Share the cost between Central and State Governments in a 60:40 ratio in plain areas and 90:10 for North East and hilly areas.
• Offer Rs. 1,20,000 in assistance in plain areas and Rs. 1,30,000 in hilly or backward districts.
• Include additional support such as 90 days of unskilled labour from MNREGA and access to loans up to Rs. 70,000 for construction.