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Support Base for Sustainable Development: NBSE Class 12 Environment
Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guides for Chapter 10 Support Base for Sustainable Development: NBSE Class 12 Environment (Environmental Education) textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under the Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified/changed.
If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments
Summary
Sustainable development means growing in a way that does not harm the environment and helps people live better lives for a long time. To support this, there must be strong help from the government. This includes rules, laws, and support systems. It could be through control over industries or providing help like roads and electricity. The government must have the will to do this and work through proper plans and actions.
Policies made by the government should be able to change with time. Since science and technology change quickly, the rules must be made in a way that they can suit future needs. These laws should also help solve problems that may happen between people and protect nature.
The use of correct and helpful technology is also very important. These are machines and methods that help in farming, factories, energy use, and reducing pollution. They should cause less harm to nature and reduce waste. Scientists are working all over the world to make such technology.
Laws and rules should also be checked and changed when needed. If something changes in the world, like a new problem, the local rules should also change. This will help in protecting the environment better.
Sustainable development must also care about people. The main aim is to improve people’s lives. So, a humane approach is needed. This means that all planning should think about how people live and what they need.
For the country to grow, there must be skilled workers. Human development helps in this. It means giving people education, good health, and better lives. When people are trained well, they can work better in factories and other places. A skilled worker is someone who has been trained for a special job. Such people are needed more because new machines and methods are being used.
There is still a gap between villages and cities. People in villages do not have the same chances. More must be done to give them training and education so they can also grow.
Jobs now need people who know science, maths, and can speak English. Schools must teach these better. Teachers should be trained and schools improved.
The Government of India has taken steps like setting up training centres and starting vocational courses in schools. But some problems remain. These include old training methods and weak links between schools and industries.
Textbook solutions
Short Answer Questions
1. What is support base for sustainable development derived from?
Answer: The support base for sustainable development is derived from:
(i) political and administrative will
(ii) dynamic and flexible policies
(iii) appropriate technologies
(iv) comprehensive review and revision mechanism
(v) humane approach.
2. Write a note on humane approach to sustainable development.
Answer: The major aim of sustainable development is enhancing the level of human conditions in all spheres of life. For this, ‘people’ are the main factors who contribute to development. It is clear that a humane approach is essential for all kinds of planning and policy-making processes.
3. What is meant by ‘human development’?
Answer: Human development is the ultimate goal of all social development and economic development. Human development is a human-centred approach towards development. It focuses on people. It is concerned with them and their well-being, their needs, choices, and aspirations. The objective of human development is to create such conditions of human life which may help them to develop a purposeful life they can cherish.
4. Why is skill-development required?
Answer: Skill development is needed to develop skilled manpower. With the improvement in technology and change in the method of production, the demand for skilled labour has increased in the country. A skilled labourer is one who gets proper training and education to work in a specified field.
Long Answer Questions
1. What role do political and administrative will and humane approach play in achieving sustainable development?
Answer: Political and administrative will plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development as it is the duty of the government and other political framers to present the laws, policies and standards that would ultimately lead to the goal of sustainable development. The main emphasis here is on protection of environment, afforestation and regeneration of degraded lands, control and prevention of pollution, conservation of wildlife, forests, flora and fauna. These goals can easily be achieved by the administrative system of a country through methods such as awareness at local, state, national and international levels by spreading information as done by ENVIS, training and education, promoting forest and environmental resources, implementing wildlife and forestry programmes, assisting environmental organisations, and using surveillance techniques and monitoring such as by EIA. Such goals are given support by regulatory measures and legislation that are targeted at achievement of protection and preservation of our precious natural environment.
A humane approach is also essential for achieving sustainable development because the major aim of sustainable development is enhancing the level of human conditions in all spheres of life. For this, ‘people’ are the main factors who contribute to development. It is clear that a humane approach is essential for all kinds of planning and policy making processes.
2. What do you understand by use of dynamic and flexible policies?
Answer: I understand that the use of dynamic and flexible policies means that the policies that are made today must be applicable in the future too. Since advances are being made every day in fields of science and technology, leading to varied environmental problems, a feasible policy must be made that would cater to the future needs and be able to adapt according to these needs. Such laws are needed to protect the natural environment and to serve as mediators in varied conflicts situations. The Ministry of Environment and Forests must work to formulate these dynamic and flexible policies.
3. How are appropriate technologies and comprehensive revision mechanisms aids to sustainable development?
Answer: Appropriate technologies and comprehensive revision mechanisms are aids to sustainable development in the following ways:
The Government has to promote usage of appropriate technologies to serve as aids in sustainable industrialisation, sustainable agriculture, low levels of pollution, correct use of energy and minimum wastage. All over the world scientists are busy finding ways of achieving these goals.
A comprehensive review and revision mechanism has to be the inherent quality of all policies framed for protection and preservation of environment. These policies are periodically revised as and when situations change on international or global levels. It is an important duty of the policy makers to keep a global or international outlook even as they are dealing with the local environmental situation. In case of major upheavals on global level, changes would be needed to be made on the local level in all the concerned policies. This helps to support sustainable development by ensuring policies remain relevant and effective.
4. “The rapid industrialisation of the economy accompanied by significant industrial restructuring has created pressure on skill demands’. Elaborate.
Answer: The rapid industrialisation of the economy, accompanied by significant industrial restructuring, has indeed created pressures on skill demands. This pressure manifests in several ways. Experienced engineers and technicians, managers, advanced-level machinists, tool, mould and die makers, as well as other skilled and technical manpower will be demanded, especially following the growth of export-oriented industries. At the same time, there will be an increased demand for researchers, scientists, and support technicians.
Critical industrial skills such as tooling and fabrication of precision parts and components, and product design are essential in providing the basic support to manufacturing industries. Equally important are electronics and computer-based skills, as well as mechatronics. As such, training institutions must give greater emphasis to the production of these types of manpower, particularly those related to intermediate and higher-level skills. Apart from skilled manpower, there is also the need to produce manpower at the managerial, supervisory, and maintenance levels. In developing these skills, emphasis should also be placed on leadership qualities such as creativity, innovativeness, and entrepreneurship.
Furthermore, the industrialisation strategies in most developing countries call for the retraining of the existing workforce to equip them with specialised and up-to-date skills, since production techniques will become increasingly automated and complex. Thus, there is a need to promote enterprise-based training to enhance the quality and adaptability of the workforce to ensure the competitiveness of various products in the world market.
5. What are Government of India’s steps towards development of skilled manpower?
Answer: With a view to impart skills through training, the Government of India has taken many steps such as: the Central Board of Workers Education (CBWE) formed in 1958 is working in a positive direction; there are 4300 ITI’s (Industrial Training Institutes) operating in India to provide specialised training; and vocational education has been integrated at the school level.
The problems associated with these steps are: the ITI’s need restructuring and reorientation of their courses at a much faster rate to respond effectively to current and future needs of the job market; the industry institute interaction continues to be weak; and the vocational courses offered by the school system are to be modified in accordance with the manpower needs of the day.
Think and Answer
Q. “Present trends in the demand for industrial manpower indicate the need for a labour force with broad-based education.” How far do you agree with this statement?
Answer: I agree completely with the statement that present trends in the demand for industrial manpower indicate the need for a labour force with broad-based education. This is because such an education, emphasising mathematics, science, and communication abilities, as well as proficiency in English as a second language, provides the foundation for a trainable labour force. These attributes are crucial as they enable the labour force to adapt swiftly to the changing technological needs of the country. A skilled and productive workforce, which is versatile and adapts quickly to a changing industrial environment, is a prerequisite to maintain a favourable investment in the world market. Therefore, a broad-based education is essential to meet the demand for a high-quality labour force responsive to the requirements of a dynamic labour market.
Project Work & Activity
Use Internet, magazines and newspaper articles to find out what recent steps have been taken by Ministry of Human Resource Development to achieve skilled manpower development in our country. Make list of at least five steps.
Answer: Do it yourself. Here are the instructions:
- First, understand what you need to do. You need to find out about new things the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has done lately to help people in India learn skills for jobs. You have to list at least five of these new actions or programs.
- The best places to look are the Internet, magazines, and newspaper articles.
- If you’re using the Internet:
- Open a search engine (like Google).
- Type in search terms like: “recent steps by Ministry of Human Resource Development for skill development in India”, “MHRD India new skill initiatives”, or “skilled manpower development programs MHRD”.
- Look for websites that seem official (like government sites) or are from well-known news sources.
- If you’re looking in magazines or newspapers:
- Check any recent ones you have at home or can find in your school library.
- Look for articles about education, government plans for jobs, or skill training.
- When you find some information, here’s what to look for:
- The names of any new programs, schemes, or policies started by the MHRD.
- Try to see if the information says when these were started, so you know they are “recent”.
- Read a bit about each one to understand how it helps people develop skills.
- Now, make your list:
- Write down the name of each step or program you find.
- Next to each name, write one or two simple sentences explaining what that program does to help with skill development.
- Make sure you have at least five different steps or programs on your list.
- For example, you might find a new training program or a policy to improve vocational education. Just make sure it’s a recent action by the MHRD.
Extras
Additional Questions and Answers
1. Define political and administrative will in the context of sustainable development.
Answer: In the context of sustainable development, political and administrative will refers to the duty of the government and other political framers to present the laws, policies, and standards that would ultimately lead to the goal of sustainable development. The main emphasis is on protection of environment, afforestation and regeneration of degraded lands, control and prevention of pollution, and conservation of wildlife, forests, flora, and fauna, goals which can be achieved by the administrative system of a country.
2. What is meant by appropriate technologies in sustainable development?
Answer: In sustainable development, appropriate technologies mean those technologies that the Government has to promote usage of to serve as aids in sustainable industrialisation, sustainable agriculture, low levels of pollution, correct use of energy, and minimum wastage.
3. Define a comprehensive review and revision mechanism.
Answer: A comprehensive review and revision mechanism is an inherent quality of all policies framed for the protection and preservation of the environment. These policies are periodically revised as and when situations change on international or global levels. It is an important duty of the policy makers to keep a global or international outlook even as they are dealing with the local environmental situation. In case of major upheavals on a global level, changes would be needed to be made on the local level in all the concerned policies.
4. What is a skilled labourer?
Answer: A skilled labourer is one who gets proper training and education to work in a specified field.
5. Define human development.
Answer: Human development is the ultimate goal of all social development and economic development. It is a human-centred approach towards development that focuses on people and is concerned with them and their well-being, their needs, choices, and aspirations.
6. What does the term ‘disparity’ mean?
Answer: The term ‘disparity’ means inequality.
7. What does CBWE stand for?
Answer: CBWE stands for Central Board of Workers Education.
8. In which year was the Central Board of Workers Education formed?
Answer: The Central Board of Workers Education was formed in 1958.
9. How many Industrial Training Institutes are operating in India?
Answer: There are 4300 ITIs (Industrial Training Institutes) operating in India to provide specialised training.
10. At what educational level has vocational education been integrated?
Answer: Vocational education has been integrated at the school level.
11. Name one problem associated with Industrial Training Institutes in India.
Answer: One problem associated with Industrial Training Institutes in India is that the ITIs need restructuring and reorientation of their courses at a much faster rate to respond effectively to current and future needs of the job market.
12. Define political and administrative will in the context of sustainable development.
Answer: In the context of sustainable development, political and administrative will refers to the duty of the government and other political framers to present the laws, policies, and standards that would ultimately lead to the goal of sustainable development. The main emphasis of this will is on the protection of the environment, afforestation and regeneration of degraded lands, control and prevention of pollution, and conservation of wildlife, forests, flora, and fauna. These goals can be achieved by the administrative system of a country.
13. What values must education and training continue to emphasise?
Answer: Education and training must continue to emphasise the inculcation of positive and progressive values, including good work ethics and industrial discipline.
14. Name two attributes required in the future labour force as per present trends in industrial manpower demand.
Answer: As per present trends in industrial manpower demand, two attributes required in the future labour force are:
(i) broad-based education emphasising mathematics and science abilities.
(ii) proficiency in English as a second language.
15. Name one critical industrial skill essential for manufacturing industries.
Answer: One critical industrial skill essential in providing the basic support to manufacturing industries is tooling, or alternatively, fabrication of precision parts and components, or product design.
16. What role does the private sector play in industrial training?
Answer: The role of the private sector in industrial training is critical. A higher level of involvement of the private sector in formal industrial training needs to be encouraged to increase the pool of skilled labour in a country.
17. What is the purpose of enterprise-based training?
Answer: The purpose of promoting enterprise-based training is to enhance the quality and adaptability of the workforce to ensure the competitiveness of various products in the world market.
18. Name two types of manpower demanded by rapid industrialisation and industrial restructuring.
Answer: Two types of manpower demanded by rapid industrialisation and industrial restructuring are:
(i) experienced engineers and technicians.
(ii) researchers and scientists.
19. List any two components of the support base for sustainable development.
Answer: Two components of the support base for sustainable development are:
(i) political and administrative will.
(ii) dynamic and flexible policies.
20. Which information service is cited as an example under appropriate technologies?
Answer: ENVIS is mentioned as a service for spreading information, which is one of the methods by which the administrative system can achieve sustainable development goals. The document lists ‘appropriate technologies’ as a separate support base for sustainable development and does not explicitly cite ENVIS as an example under the specific discussion of ‘appropriate technologies’.
21. Discuss the importance of leadership qualities such as creativity, innovativeness and entrepreneurship in the development of skilled manpower.
Answer: In developing skilled manpower, apart from the skills themselves, there is also the need to produce manpower at the managerial, supervisory and maintenance levels. In developing these skills, emphasis should also be placed on leadership qualities such as creativity, innovativeness and entrepreneurship. These qualities are important for these roles.
22. Explain the role of monitoring and adaptation of educational curricula to meet the dynamic skill requirements of the industrial workforce.
Answer: Regular and close monitoring of the curricula of the educational and training institutions is essential to meet the demand for new skills arising from rapid technological developments. Both teachers and students must be exposed to changes in industry. This helps to ensure that the output of the education and training delivery system is in line with labour market needs. Educational and training facilities must adapt quickly to facilitate efforts in producing suitably qualified manpower. This adaptation can be done through increased private sector participation, both in the areas of curriculum development and in the provision of training facilities. Furthermore, through various media, the potential workforce should be made aware of the changing market needs and training opportunities available to them.
23. Discuss how surveillance techniques and monitoring contribute to environmental protection.
Answer: Goals such as the protection of the environment, afforestation and regeneration of degraded lands, control and prevention of pollution, and conservation of wildlife, forests, flora and fauna are to be achieved by methods such as awareness at local, state, national and international levels. Among these methods are surveillance techniques and monitoring, such as by EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). Such goals, which include the protection and preservation of our precious natural environment, are given support by regulatory measures and legislation.
24. Describe the disparities between urban and rural areas in skill development and suggest measures to reduce them.
Answer: Despite efforts in manpower development, disparities still continue to exist between urban and rural areas. To address this, continued emphasis needs to be given to provide the rural population with the necessary facilities to upgrade their education and skills. This, in turn, increases their access to and participation in modern sector activities. The provision of equal opportunities and improved facilities will help eliminate the disparity in the quality of education and training between urban and rural areas, and among the different segments of society.
25. Analyse the critical role of private sector participation in industrial training.
Answer: The role of the private sector in industrial training is critical. Accordingly, a higher level of involvement of the private sector in formal industrial training needs to be encouraged to increase the pool of skilled labour in a country. Educational and training facilities must adapt quickly to facilitate efforts in producing suitably qualified manpower, and this can be done through increased private sector participation, both in the areas of curriculum development and in the provision of training facilities.
26. Evaluate the steps taken by the Government of India towards the development of skilled manpower and discuss the problems associated with these steps.
Answer: With a view to impart skills through training, the Government of India has taken many steps. For instance, the Central Board of Workers Education (CBWE), formed in 1958, is working in a positive direction. Additionally, there are 4300 ITIs (Industrial Training Institutes) operating in India to provide specialised training. Vocational education has also been integrated at the school level.
However, there are problems associated with these steps. The ITIs need restructuring and reorientation of their courses at a much faster rate to respond effectively to current and future needs of the job market. Furthermore, the industry-institute interaction continues to be weak. Finally, the vocational courses offered by the school system are to be modified in accordance with the manpower needs of the day.
Additional MCQs (Knowledge Based)
1. Which of the following is not a support base for sustainable development?
A. Political and administrative will
B. Appropriate technologies
C. High taxation
D. Humane approach
Answer: C. High taxation
2. Which of the following is a support base element that involves adapting policies for future needs?
A. Dynamic and flexible policies
B. Comprehensive review mechanism
C. Appropriate technologies
D. Humane approach
Answer: A. Dynamic and flexible policies
3. Which support base element focuses on promoting sustainable industrialisation and low pollution?
A. Appropriate technologies
B. Humane approach
C. Political and administrative will
D. Revision mechanism
Answer: A. Appropriate technologies
4. What support base element requires periodic updating of environmental policies to reflect global changes?
A. Comprehensive review and revision mechanism
B. Political and administrative will
C. Appropriate technologies
D. Humane approach
Answer: A. Comprehensive review and revision mechanism
5. Humane approach in sustainable development is primarily concerned with what?
A. People
B. Infrastructure
C. Technology
D. Wildlife
Answer: A. People
6. What does CBWE stand for?
A. Central Board of Workers Education
B. Certified Bureau of Water Engineering
C. Central Board of Women’s Education
D. Council for Building Work Evaluation
Answer: A. Central Board of Workers Education
7. In which year was the Central Board of Workers Education formed?
A. 1958
B. 1960
C. 1970
D. 1980
Answer: A. 1958
8. How many Industrial Training Institutes operate in India?
A. 4300
B. 3500
C. 5000
D. 1200
Answer: A. 4300
9. Which term in the document is defined as inequality?
A. Disparity
B. Equality
C. Equity
D. Uniformity
Answer: A. Disparity
10. What is meant by ‘human development’ according to the document?
A. Human centred approach
B. Economic growth
C. Social reform
D. Technological advance
Answer: A. Human centred approach
11. Skilled labour is one who has received proper what?
A. Training
B. Equipment
C. Funding
D. Authority
Answer: A. Training
12. Disparities in education and skills continue to exist between which areas?
A. Urban and rural
B. North and south
C. East and west
D. Coastal and inland
Answer: A. Urban and rural
13. Which subjects are emphasised for broad-based education in industrial manpower demand?
A. Mathematics and science
B. History and geography
C. Art and music
D. Economics and law
Answer: A. Mathematics and science
14. Proficiency in which language is noted as essential for a trainable labour force?
A. English
B. Hindi
C. French
D. Mandarin
Answer: A. English
15. To align education output with labour market needs, greater participation from which sector is encouraged?
A. Private sector
B. Public sector
C. Non-governmental
D. International organisations
Answer: A. Private sector
16. Which type of training is promoted to enhance workforce adaptability to automation?
A. Enterprise-based training
B. Classroom training
C. Online courses
D. Distance learning
Answer: A. Enterprise-based training
17. Following the growth of export-oriented industries, which technical role is particularly demanded?
A. Machinists
B. Lawyers
C. Teachers
D. Nurses
Answer: A. Machinists
18. Apart from electronics, which industrial skill is highlighted as critical for manufacturing support?
A. Tooling
B. Marketing
C. Accounting
D. Design
Answer: A. Tooling
19. Which leadership quality is emphasised for managerial level manpower?
A. Creativity
B. Obedience
C. Memory
D. Punctuality
Answer: A. Creativity
20. Rapid industrialisation accompanied by industrial restructuring has created pressure on what?
A. Skill demands
B. Tax rates
C. Market prices
D. Urban growth
Answer: A. Skill demands
21. Which government body must work to formulate dynamic and flexible environmental policies?
A. Ministry of Environment and Forests
B. Ministry of Finance
C. Ministry of Agriculture
D. Ministry of Education
Answer: A. Ministry of Environment and Forests
22. Achieving protection and preservation of the natural environment is supported by what measures?
A. Regulatory measures
B. Commercial incentives
C. Tax breaks
D. Public rallies
Answer: A. Regulatory measures
23. Which technique is used for monitoring environmental parameters?
A. Surveillance
B. Education
C. Promotion
D. Legislation
Answer: A. Surveillance
24. Which programme type aids in environmental protection through field activities?
A. Wildlife and forestry programmes
B. Urban development schemes
C. Industrial subsidies
D. Trade agreements
Answer: A. Wildlife and forestry programmes
25. Educational investments to build the future labour force focus primarily on which levels?
A. Primary and secondary
B. Tertiary and postgraduate
C. Vocational only
D. Doctoral studies
Answer: A. Primary and secondary
26. What essential activity must teachers and students be exposed to for curriculum relevance?
A. Industry changes
B. Historical events
C. Literary works
D. Cultural festivals
Answer: A. Industry changes
27. Which obstacle continues between industry and educational institutes?
A. Interaction
B. Communication
C. Funding
D. Recruitment
Answer: A. Interaction
28. Skilled manpower production at supervisory levels must also emphasise what?
A. Entrepreneurship
B. Obedience
C. Conformity
D. Redundancy
Answer: A. Entrepreneurship
29. Which board was formed to provide workers education in India?
A. CBWE
B. AICTE
C. UGC
D. NCERT
Answer: A. CBWE
30. Vocational education has been integrated at which stage?
A. School level
B. University level
C. College level
D. Adult education
Answer: A. School level
31. ITIs need what to respond effectively to job market needs?
A. Restructuring
B. Expansion
C. Budget increase
D. International partnerships
Answer: A. Restructuring
32. Which process regenerates degraded lands under environmental goals?
A. Afforestation
B. Urbanisation
C. Industrialisation
D. Desertification
Answer: A. Afforestation
33. Which goal involves conservation of flora and fauna?
A. Wildlife protection
B. Technology use
C. Market growth
D. Political reform
Answer: A. Wildlife protection
Additional MCQs (Competency Based)
1. Assertion (A): For development to be truly beneficial, it must be capable of being maintained over an extended duration.
Reason (R): The necessary backing for such long-term development in contemporary society must originate from the established systems of governance.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Assertion (A): The primary focus in achieving sustainable development goals is the safeguarding of the environment, including afforestation and the conservation of wildlife.
Reason (R): These environmental objectives can be effectively realised through the administrative framework of a nation, employing methods like public awareness and education.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. Assertion (A): Policies formulated for societal guidance must be designed to remain relevant and adaptable for future circumstances.
Reason (R): Continuous advancements in science and technology introduce diverse environmental challenges, necessitating flexible policy frameworks.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. Assertion (A): Governments have a responsibility to encourage the adoption of technologies that support sustainable industrial practices and agricultural methods.
Reason (R): Such technologies are characterised by their potential for low pollution levels, efficient energy utilisation, and minimal waste generation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
5. Assertion (A): A fundamental aim of sustainable development is the improvement of human living conditions across all aspects of life.
Reason (R): The human element is the principal driver and contributor to the process of development.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Assertion (A): The development of a skilled workforce necessitates an initial focus on overall human development.
Reason (R): Human development, which is a people-centric approach focusing on well-being and aspirations, is the ultimate objective of all societal and economic progress.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
7. Assertion (A): As technology advances and production methods evolve, the societal demand for workers with specialised skills tends to rise.
Reason (R): A skilled worker is typically defined as an individual who has undergone appropriate training and education to perform proficiently in a particular field.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
8. Assertion (A): The future economic prosperity of a nation heavily relies on a high-calibre, adaptable workforce.
Reason (R): A proficient and productive workforce is a key requirement for attracting and maintaining favourable investment within the global market.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
9. Assertion (A): Significant disparities in educational attainment and skill levels often persist between urban and rural populations.
Reason (R): To address these imbalances, ongoing efforts are needed to equip rural communities with better facilities for education and skill enhancement.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
10. Assertion (A): The modern industrial sector increasingly requires a workforce with a comprehensive educational background, strong in mathematics, science, and communication.
Reason (R): Such educational attributes form the basis for a workforce that can be readily trained and can quickly adapt to evolving technological demands.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
11. Assertion (A): Continuous monitoring and adaptation of educational and training curricula are essential.
Reason (R): This practice ensures that the skills imparted align with the emerging demands driven by rapid technological advancements and shifts in industrial needs.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
12. Assertion (A): Rapid industrial growth, coupled with significant restructuring of industries, often intensifies the demand for specific skills.
Reason (R): There is a growing need for experienced professionals such as engineers, technicians, managers, and advanced-level machinists.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
13. Assertion (A): In developing nations, retraining the existing workforce with current and specialised skills is of high importance.
Reason (R): Encouraging enterprise-based training programs can improve the overall quality and flexibility of the workforce, thereby enhancing competitiveness in the global market.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
14. Assertion (A): The Central Board of Workers Education (CBWE) was established in India with the aim of imparting skills through structured training programs.
Reason (R): The CBWE, which was formed in 1958, has been actively contributing to skill development.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
15. Assertion (A): Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) in India face the challenge of needing to update and reorient their course offerings more swiftly.
Reason (R): Such rapid adaptation is necessary for ITIs to effectively meet the present and anticipated demands of the job market.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16. Assertion (A): The support base for sustainable development includes political and administrative will.
Reason (R): Dynamic and flexible policies are also crucial components for ensuring sustainable development.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
17. Assertion (A): Policies designed for environmental protection and preservation must undergo regular review and revision.
Reason (R): Policy makers should maintain a global perspective even when addressing local environmental issues, as international changes can necessitate local policy adjustments.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
18. Assertion (A): The interaction between industrial enterprises and training institutions in some regions continues to be suboptimal.
Reason (R): Vocational education programs offered within the school system often require modifications to better align with the prevailing manpower requirements of the economy.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
19. Assertion (A): A humane approach is considered non-essential for effective planning and policy-making processes related to development.
Reason (R): The primary contributors to development are economic factors, not people.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (d) A is false but R is true
20. Assertion (A): The development of skilled manpower is solely dependent on technological advancements.
Reason (R): Human development, focusing on well-being, needs, choices, and aspirations, is a human-centred approach to development.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Answer: (d) A is false but R is true
21. Which of the following are considered essential components for establishing a robust support base for sustainable development?
i. Political and administrative will
ii. Dynamic and flexible policies
iii. Appropriate technologies and a comprehensive review mechanism
iv. A humane approach and development of skilled manpower
Options:
A. i, ii only
B. i, ii, iii only
C. ii, iii, iv only
D. i, ii, iii, iv
Answer: D. i, ii, iii, iv
22. What are the primary areas of focus for political and administrative efforts aimed at achieving sustainable development goals?
i. Protection of the environment, afforestation, and regeneration of degraded lands
ii. Control and prevention of pollution
iii. Conservation of wildlife, forests, flora, and fauna
iv. Maximizing resource extraction for short-term economic gain
Options:
A. i, ii, iii
B. i, ii, iv
C. i, iii, iv
D. ii, iii, iv
Answer: A. i, ii, iii
23. Which methods are typically employed by a country’s administrative system to achieve sustainable development objectives?
i. Spreading information, training, and education
ii. Promoting forest and environmental resources, and implementing wildlife programmes
iii. Assisting environmental organisations and utilizing surveillance techniques like EIA
iv. Relying solely on international treaties without local action
Options:
A. i, ii only
B. i, ii, iii
C. ii, iii, iv
D. i, iii only
Answer: B. i, ii, iii
24. What are the key characteristics of dynamic and flexible policies in the context of environmental management and sustainable development?
i. They must be applicable both in the present and adaptable for future scenarios.
ii. They should cater to future needs and evolve with scientific and technological advances.
iii. They are designed to be rigid and unchangeable to ensure long-term consistency.
iv. They serve to protect the natural environment and mediate in varied conflict situations.
Options:
A. i, ii, iii
B. i, ii, iv
C. i, iii, iv
D. ii, iii, iv
Answer: B. i, ii, iv
25. What is the government’s role concerning the adoption of appropriate technologies for sustainable development?
i. To promote their usage in sustainable industrialisation and agriculture.
ii. To ensure low levels of pollution, correct use of energy, and minimum wastage.
iii. To restrict technological advancements to maintain traditional practices.
iv. To discourage scientific research into new sustainable methods.
Options:
A. i, ii
B. i, iii
C. ii, iv
D. iii, iv
Answer: A. i, ii
26. Why is a comprehensive review and revision mechanism considered an essential quality of policies framed for environmental protection?
i. Policies require periodic revision to adapt to changing situations at international or global levels.
ii. Policy makers should maintain a global or international perspective even when addressing local environmental issues.
iii. Local policies are generally immune to major upheavals at the global level.
iv. Once framed, environmental policies should remain static to avoid confusion.
Options:
A. i, ii
B. i, iii
C. ii, iv
D. iii, iv
Answer: A. i, ii
27. What is the central principle underpinning the humane approach within the framework of sustainable development?
A. Prioritizing rapid economic expansion above all other considerations.
B. Focusing primarily on technological fixes for environmental problems.
C. Enhancing human conditions in all aspects of life, recognizing that ‘people’ are the main contributors to development.
D. Implementing stringent top-down regulations without considering the social fabric.
Answer: C. Enhancing human conditions in all aspects of life, recognizing that ‘people’ are the main contributors to development.
28. Which statement most accurately defines “human development” as an overarching goal?
A. It is exclusively concerned with the growth of a nation’s gross domestic product.
B. It is a human-centred approach to development, focusing on people, their well-being, needs, choices, and aspirations.
C. It primarily emphasizes the advancement of sophisticated technology.
D. Its main aim is to increase the percentage of the population engaged in industrial jobs.
Answer: B. It is a human-centred approach to development, focusing on people, their well-being, needs, choices, and aspirations.
29. What defines a “skilled labourer” in the modern economic context?
A. An individual who has accumulated many years of experience in a particular job, irrespective of formal qualifications.
B. An individual who has received appropriate and specific training and education to competently perform work in a specified field.
C. A person possessing a wide range of general knowledge applicable to various unskilled tasks.
D. Someone who can instinctively adapt to any job role without needing specialized instruction.
Answer: B. An individual who has received appropriate and specific training and education to competently perform work in a specified field.
30. What attributes are deemed crucial for the future labour force to support economic growth within a constantly evolving industrial landscape?
i. High quality and versatility in skills.
ii. The capacity to adapt swiftly to changing industrial environments and new technologies.
iii. A narrow specialization in a single, static skill set to ensure deep expertise.
iv. A skilled and productive nature, contributing effectively to market demands.
Options:
A. i, ii, iii
B. i, ii, iv
C. i, iii, iv
D. ii, iii, iv
Answer: B. i, ii, iv
31. What measures are suggested to address and eliminate the disparities in education and skill levels that persist between urban and rural areas?
i. Providing the rural population with necessary facilities to upgrade their education and skills.
ii. Increasing rural communities’ access to and participation in modern sector economic activities.
iii. Concentrating all developmental resources and efforts exclusively on established urban centers.
iv. Ensuring the provision of equal opportunities and improved facilities across all regions.
Options:
A. i, ii, iii
B. i, iii, iv
C. i, ii, iv
D. ii, iii, iv
Answer: C. i, ii, iv
32. To cultivate a trainable labour force capable of adapting to changing technological needs, what areas should a broad-based education emphasize?
A. Predominantly vocational skills and extensive on-the-job training modules.
B. Mathematics, science, communication abilities, and proficiency in English as a second language.
C. An exclusive focus on arts, humanities, and classical social studies.
D. Advanced theoretical research in highly specialized scientific disciplines only.
Answer: B. Mathematics, science, communication abilities, and proficiency in English as a second language.
33. How can educational and training institutions best respond to the evolving demand for new skills driven by rapid technological advancements?
i. By regularly monitoring industry trends and updating their curricula accordingly.
ii. By ensuring that both teachers and students are exposed to ongoing changes and developments in various industries.
iii. By strictly adhering to traditional teaching methodologies without incorporating external industry input.
iv. By adapting facilities and programs quickly, potentially through increased private sector participation in curriculum development and training provision.
Options:
A. i, ii, iii
B. i, ii, iv
C. i, iii, iv
D. ii, iii, iv
Answer: B. i, ii, iv
34. What has been a significant consequence of rapid industrialisation and the accompanying industrial restructuring on the demands placed upon the workforce?
A. A notable decrease in the overall demand for skilled labour.
B. Increased pressure on skill demands, necessitating a higher number of experienced engineers, technicians, and other specialized manpower.
C. A societal shift back towards a predominantly agrarian-based economy.
D. A significant reduction in the need for managerial and advanced technical roles.
Answer: B. Increased pressure on skill demands, necessitating a higher number of experienced engineers, technicians, and other specialized manpower.
35. Which of the following are identified as critical industrial skills essential for providing basic support to manufacturing industries?
i. Tooling and the fabrication of precision parts and components.
ii. Product design and development.
iii. Electronics, computer-based skills, and mechatronics.
iv. General office administration and record-keeping.
Options:
A. i, ii only
B. i, ii, iii
C. ii, iii, iv
D. i, iii, iv
Answer: B. i, ii, iii
36. In addition to technical proficiency, what other qualities should be emphasized in the development of manpower, especially for those in managerial, supervisory, and maintenance roles?
A. Strict and unquestioning adherence to established procedures and protocols.
B. Leadership qualities such as creativity, innovativeness, and entrepreneurship.
C. The ability to work effectively in complete isolation from other team members.
D. A primary focus on the diligent completion of routine and repetitive tasks.
Answer: B. Leadership qualities such as creativity, innovativeness, and entrepreneurship.
37. Why is there an identified need to promote enterprise-based training as part of industrialisation strategies in developing countries?
A. To primarily reduce the overall financial burden of formal education systems.
B. To enhance the quality and adaptability of the workforce, thereby ensuring the competitiveness of products in the world market.
C. To completely replace formal educational institutions with workplace-only learning.
D. To focus training exclusively on theoretical knowledge without practical application.
Answer: B. To enhance the quality and adaptability of the workforce, thereby ensuring the competitiveness of products in the world market.
38. Which of the following represents steps taken by the Government of India with a view to impart skills through training and education?
i. The formation of the Central Board of Workers Education (CBWE) in 1958.
ii. The establishment of numerous Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) across the country.
iii. The integration of vocational education streams at the school level.
iv. The systematic phasing out of all forms of specialized industrial training programs.
Options:
A. i, ii only
B. i, ii, iii
C. ii, iii, iv
D. i, iii only
Answer: B. i, ii, iii
39. What are some of the identified challenges or areas needing improvement within India’s current skill development initiatives?
i. Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) are often adapting their courses too rapidly, leading to instability in the job market.
ii. The interaction and collaboration between industry and training institutes continue to be weak.
iii. Vocational courses offered by the school system are perfectly aligned with the current manpower needs of the day.
iv. ITIs require faster restructuring and reorientation of their courses to effectively meet current and future job market demands.
Options:
A. i, iii
B. ii, iv
C. i, ii
D. iii, iv
Answer: B. ii, iv
