Types and Agencies of Education: NBSE Class 11 Education solutions

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Here, you will find summaries, questions, answers, textbook solutions, notes, pdf, extras etc. of (Nagaland Board) NBSE Class 11 Education Chapter 3: Types and Agencies of Education. These solutions, however, should be only treated as references and can be modified/changed. 

Introduction

The chapter discusses various aspects of education, its types, and the agencies involved in its delivery. It emphasizes the importance of school in a child’s life, where they learn to maintain discipline, be punctual, participate in various activities, and prepare for tests. The school is also where children learn to become self-dependent and establish a relationship with society.

It highlights the role of the teacher in the growth and development of a child’s personality. A teacher is seen as a guiding force for students, playing the role of a leader by participating effectively in the curricular life of the school.

The family or home is described as the first social agency which teaches a child socialization. It fulfills various functions, including economic, social, civic, and moral. Home provides economic security, a social environment, the first lesson of citizenship, and moral qualities to a child.

It discusses the role of mass media in education. Mass media, including press, radio, T.V., and the internet, is used to communicate and express in an effective way to a large number of people. It is commonly used for education but does not follow the structured and disciplined approach of formal education.

The chapter also discusses the functions of UNESCO in providing education to children and adults, removing illiteracy, arranging educational programs, and promoting scientific and cultural functions. It aims to unify people for world peace and improve the quality of the press, films, and radio services throughout the world.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. What are the different types of Education?

Answer: Formal Education, Informal Education, and Non-Formal Education. 

2. What is the role of the colleges in education?

Answer: Colleges are formal agencies of education where a pre-planned scheme of studies is followed at a specified timing by a qualified teacher based on discipline.

3. Name two formal agencies of education.

Answer: Two formal agencies of education are schools and colleges.

4. What is print media?

Answer: Two formal agencies of education are schools and colleges.

5. Name two agencies of Non-formal education.

Answer: Two agencies of Non-formal education are Open School and Open University.

6. What is distance education?

Answer: Distance education is also known as Correspondence Education. It is the system of education where a school, university or any other educational institute offers instruction partly or wholly through mail.

7. What is IGNOU?

Answer: Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) was established in 1985 in Delhi and is an agency for non-formal education. 

8. Give the full form of SCERT.

Answer: The full form of SCERT is State Council of Educational Research and Training.

9. Expand the abbreviation UNESCO.

Answer: UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the importance of school.

Answer: The school with its curriculum and co-curriculum activities develops many traits of personality in students and it helps them to shape their personality and become the future citizens of the country. A school can be called a miniature society. School helps the students for growing their skills, values and personality. For this, schools engage in many activities.

2. What is formal education?

Answer: It is a systematic, well-planned properly arranged method based on instructions. There is a definite curriculum to be followed. Qualified teachers to guide and teach is the characteristic of formal education. The main aim is to impart education in an institution and maintain strict discipline. In this system the process of education is well-planned.

3. What do you understand by the term informal education?

Answer: Education received from agencies other than schools and colleges is called informal education. This is neither deliberate nor planned. Here education is incidental and spontaneous. There is no conscious attempt by the learner to learn. The learning may take place anywhere, anytime.

4. Discuss the importance of family.

Answer: The family plays a crucial role in various aspects of an individual’s life. It imbibes moral qualities in a person during their childhood. The individual acts, feels, and thinks as the other members of the family, accepting the moral code of home as an essential pattern of their life. Virtues and values like truthfulness, obedience, justice, selflessness are imbibed by the children at home. The family also plays a significant role in forming the personality of the child.

5. What is the role of Mass Media in Education?

Answer: Mass Media is a way of communication designed to express effectively to a large number of people. It has evolved over time from the teacher being the only medium of communication for children, who used to teach them orally, to the use of technology like printing presses, newspapers, radio, T.V., cinema, and the internet. Mass Media, like radio and television, has extended the walls of school doors to the whole country or up to the world.

6. Name four features of Open University.

Answer: The main features of open university include scope for people to receive adult and continuing education, offering education on a part-time basis which allows the working population and housewives to enrol themselves, an open entry system for anyone who has reached the required age of 21, and a wide range of subjects offered in the curriculum. It is a blessing for employees to improve their educational qualification.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. What is the role of informal agencies in education?

Answer: Informal agencies like family play a significant role in education. The family is the agency of education which imparts early education to the young ones. Home is the first school and mother is the first teacher from whom a child learns many things in life. There is no substitute for home. Young ones learn their language from the home. The role of home or family in education can be studied under various functions such as Economic Function, Social Function, Civic Function, Moral Function, Personality Development, Religious and Cultural Function, and Education for Citizenship.

2. Explain the role of teacher in education.

Answer: In school, the teacher also contributes a lot in the growth and development of the personality of the child, As an educator, the teacher occupies a predominant position in the school and with his duty, interest and caring attitude; he plays the role of a great formative force. A capable teacher with his various skills can easily win the cooperation of the pupil for educational enterprises. A teacher is a guiding force for students. A teacher should play the role of a leader by participating effectively in the curricular life of the school, so that students may also follow the teacher for becoming leaders. Some students by the virtue of their age, status, intellectual ability, athletic power and social ability become leaders of the school community. 

3. Mention four functions of home in children’s education.

Answer: The role of home or family in children’s education are:

Economic Function: The young ones enjoy complete security and all their needs are fulfilled by the parents at home. Young ones acquire many types of training at home. The economic security provided by the home is helpful for the development of a balanced personality of the young ones. Vocational knowledge and other skills are transmitted to children at home.

Social Function: Home is the first to provide social environment to the young ones for their development. Home gives to the child the experience of an effective and small community. The child has also the experience of the relationship with the members of different age and sex in the family. The family helps the child to acquire habits, attitudes, manners and other social patterns of behaviour. In the family and at home he learns to speak, laugh, eat, drink, wear and learns cleanliness. The family or home is the first social agency which teaches child, socialisation.

Civic Function: Home is also called the first school. It is the family which teaches the child the first lesson of citizenship. It develops civic sense. He learns discipline, self-control and is taught to obey and respect others and elders at home. At home the child tries to understand the importance of rights and duties. It is the family which helps him to develop a sense of belonging. Home provides emotional satisfaction to the child.

Moral Function: Moral qualities of an individual are imbibed in childhood at home. He acts, feels and thinks as the other members of the family. He accepts the moral code of home as an essential pattern of his life. As the parents, so are the offsprings! Where parents are honest, hardworking, courageous, disciplined and truthful, their children also follow their parents and adopt the moral values. Virtues and values like truthfulness, obedience, justice, selflessness are imbibed by the children at home.

Shorter version

Economic Function: Home provides economic security and fulfills the needs of children, contributing to their balanced personality development. Children also acquire vocational knowledge and skills at home.

Social Function: Home is the first social environment for children, providing experiences of an effective small community. Children learn habits, attitudes, manners, and other social patterns of behavior at home.

Civic Function: Home is the first school of citizenship for a child. It instills discipline, self-control, obedience, respect for others, and a sense of belonging.

Moral Function: Home is where children imbibe moral qualities. They adopt the moral code of their family, learning virtues and values like truthfulness, obedience, justice, and selflessness.

4. Discuss how newspapers are important in education.

Answer: Newspapers are very informative and educative medium and have many advantages. It acquaints the public with latest news from all parts of the country and world. It helps in making the public opinion. It is a good source of recreation. It is economical, effective as well as influential means of education. It focuses on the burning problems of the nation. It makes people conscious of their rights, duties and responsibilities. It helps in developing the literary abilities of the masses. It gives knowledge and information about the latest advancement of science, commerce and industry. It gives information for vocations and training. It helps the political parties for propagating their policies to the public. It inculcates the good habit of learning among the masses. There is great role of Newspaper or Print Media in our democratic country for education of the masses. The educational influence exerted by these newspapers among the reading public is of higher order which cannot be underestimated.

5. Compare and contrast between Radio and TV as means of education.

Answer: Radio is one of the most potent and powerful means of mass communication. It has extended the walls of school doors to the whole country or up to the world. In many countries “School broadcasting” was introduced as an essential feature of education. In India, nearly 99% population is covered by radio broadcast. Radio broadcasting helps the students in classroom learning by acting as a supplement. It can reach the masses. It does not have barriers of space and time. It helps illiterate persons in the process of teaching. It helps in forming the opinion of the public. It helps the masses to make the best use of leisure time by providing activities of their interest. It makes the children happy through “children’s programmes.” It helps women to learn skills of their interest through “women’s programme.” It motivates the youth through youth programmes. It provides information and learning through university broadcast programmes. It has created revolution in the field of education. 

On the other hand, Television is one of the most potential and important medium to provide education, information, news, weather report, entertainment throughout the world. Many educators and scientists believe that this electronic device is a good solution to the complex problems of education. There is a rapid expansion of TV transmission, therefore Television programmes are very useful in supplementing school and college learning. TV is an audio-visual device and has many advantages. It creates more interest as it is an audio-visual medium. It is informative. It provides amusement. It is a boon for those who are unable to acquire education through traditional methods. It makes a teacher more alert. It keeps the teacher well informed and up to date. It can recreate past events through films, lectures and dramatisation for the purpose of education. Educational programmes can observe and explain scientific and natural phenomena in a better way. It can promote social equality. It helps people to see rare things, places and events. It reduces the dependence on a teacher. It helps in bringing the positive attitudes of cleanliness, health and hygiene through basic education.

Shorter version

Radio, a potent means of mass communication, extends the reach of education beyond school doors. It aids classroom learning, reaches the masses, and helps illiterate persons in the process of teaching. It also helps in forming public opinion and provides a variety of programs for different age groups. 

On the other hand, Television, an audio-visual medium, supplements school and college learning. It creates more interest due to its audio-visual nature, provides amusement, and is beneficial for those unable to acquire education through traditional methods. It can recreate past events for educational purposes and helps in explaining scientific and natural phenomena effectively.

6. Mention any four features of non-formal education?

Answer: Non-formal education is an organized, systematic process carried on outside the framework of systematic formal school system to provide special type of learning to a target group. Education may have eluded some groups, because of non-availability of schools, or school ‘drop outs’ or because of poverty, so need was felt for creating some opportunity for such children, youth or adults who remained excluded from formal system. Their function is less formal and even the aspect of discipline is not so much insisted upon as compared to formal education. The types are as under: Open School, Open University, and Distance Education. Open school is a non-formal agent of education. An open school provides an alternative to formal school education. It aims at lessening or removing the restrictions and expulsions. It lowers the established barriers in education. The concept of open school is a revolutionary product of the modern scientific age. It provides minimum education to a particular section of the society. The sub-group of people such as school drop outs, working adults, house wives, people from socio-economic backward classes, etc. are the beneficiaries of open school. Based on the recommendations given by the expert committee appointed by National Council for Educational Research and Training, Directorate of Open School was started in 1979 with its headquarters in New Delhi.

Shorter version

Non-formal education is an organized, systematic process carried outside the formal school system to provide learning to a target group. It caters to those who may have been excluded from the formal system due to various reasons. It is less formal and the aspect of discipline is not as much insisted upon as in formal education. Open School, a type of non-formal education, provides an alternative to formal school education, aiming at lessening or removing the restrictions and expulsions. It provides minimum education to a particular section of the society such as school drop outs, working adults, housewives, and people from socio-economic backward classes.

7. Explain what is correspondence education?

Answer: Correspondence education is a method of providing education to nonresident students who receive lessons and homework through mails or online. It is designed for students who want to study in their own time, at their own pace, and at their own convenience. It is for those who cannot leave their jobs, homes, or towns to attend regular and full-time academic programs. It is a flexible form of education which does not require the physical presence of the teachers and the students in one place. In many countries, correspondence education is combined with a certain amount of residence study or with some class-room instruction. It is also called ‘Distance Education’. It includes Open Universities and Open Schools which provide education to those who are not able to join regular courses or who wish to update their knowledge or skill. Correspondence education has opened new vistas of education. It is a boon to the adults, housewives, working people and those who want to continue their education after a lapse of time. For those who are unable to join regular courses due to some handicap or because of living in far-off places, correspondence education is a boon.

Shorter version

Correspondence education is a flexible form of education for students who want to study at their own pace and convenience. It’s designed for those who can’t leave their jobs or homes to attend regular academic programs. It includes Open Universities and Open Schools, providing education to those unable to join regular courses or wishing to update their knowledge or skills. It’s particularly beneficial for adults, housewives, working people, and those living in remote areas.

8. What are the functions of NCERT?

Answer: The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an apex resource organization set up by the Government of India to assist and advise the Central and State Governments on academic matters related to school education. The major functions of NCERT are to conduct and promote educational research, experimentation of innovative ideas and practice. NCERT develops National Curriculum Frameworks through which it provides advice to the Central and State Governments on the matters of the curriculum for school education. The Council acts as a clearing house for ideas and information on all matters relating to school education and teacher education. It also provides training to school teachers and teacher educators. Special programmes and activities are organized for the promotion of education in backward areas and for the educationally disadvantaged sections of the society.

9. What are the functions of UGC?

Answer: The University Grants Commission (UGC) is a statutory body established by an Act of Parliament in 1956 for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education. Among its functions, the UGC takes steps for the promotion and coordination of university education, maintains the standards of teaching, examination and research in universities, allocates and distributes grants to universities for their development, distributes grants to Deemed Universities, recommends necessary measures for improvement to the university, forms committees which advise the Government for opening new universities, and forms committees for the inspection of the university.

10. What is the role of UNESCO in unifying people from different parts of the world?

Answer: UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, works for the moral and intellectual solidarity of mankind. It also works for cultural and educational promotion among the millions of people of the world. UNESCO tries to improve the quality of the press, the films, radio services, throughout the world; irrespective of the language or region. It also promotes programmes for exchange of teachers, students, artists, writers and encourages study tours, group discussions, seminars and international lecture series for promoting culture. UNESCO does a commendable job in protecting, and conserving world heritage, books and art. UNESCO tries to unify people for world peace.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

1. Do you think internet is an important medium of education?

Answer: Yes, the internet has become an increasingly important medium of education. It provides access to a vast amount of information and resources that can enhance learning. Online platforms offer a variety of educational materials, from articles and e-books to video lectures and interactive exercises. Furthermore, the internet enables distance learning, allowing people from all over the world to pursue courses and degrees from institutions they might not be able to physically attend. It also facilitates communication and collaboration among students and teachers, regardless of their location.

2. Is mass media a formal agency of education? Justify.

Answer: No, mass media is not a formal agency of education. As per the document, formal education is a pre-planned scheme of studies at a specified timing by a qualified teacher based on discipline. It is a deliberate activity which is planned to impart education with an object in view. This type of education is for a specific period of one’s life. On the other hand, mass media, which includes press, radio, T.V., and internet, is listed under informal education. The purpose of mass media is to communicate and express in an effective way to a large number of people. It is commonly used for education but does not follow the structured and disciplined approach of formal education.

Additional/extra questions and answers

1. What is Formal Education? 

Answer: Formal Education is a pre-planned scheme of studies at a specified timing by a qualified teacher based on discipline. This type of education is for a specific period of one’s life. It is a systematic, well-planned properly arranged method based on instructions with a definite curriculum. 

2. What characterizes Formal Education? 

Answer: Formal Education is characterized by its systematic, planned, and disciplined nature. There is a defined curriculum to be followed, and qualified teachers are present to guide and teach. The main aim is to impart education in an institution, maintaining strict discipline. Schools and colleges are considered formal agencies of education. 

3. How is Formal Education planned and what is its primary goal? 

Answer: Formal Education is well-planned with a defined objective for the fulfilment of the needs of society. It operates in a specific place and time, and both teachers and students are bound by rules. The primary goal of formal education is to educate children, with schools and colleges designed solely for this purpose. 

4. Discuss the key differences between Formal and Informal Education. 

Answer: Formal Education is a structured, pre-planned scheme with a specific curriculum and qualified teachers, imparted in institutions like schools and colleges at specified timings. In contrast, Informal Education is neither deliberate nor planned. Learning happens incidentally and spontaneously, without a conscious effort from the learner. It doesn’t adhere to a strict schedule or place, and can occur anywhere, such as in the family, at home, or in a playground. Formal education involves a systematic approach with strict rules and discipline, while informal education is spontaneous and happens throughout one’s life, without a specific structure or institution. 

5. Explain Informal Education with respect to its nature, learning environment, and influence on the individual. 

Answer: Informal Education is education received from agencies other than schools and colleges. Unlike formal education, it is neither deliberate nor planned. The learning in informal education is incidental and spontaneous, with no conscious attempt made by the learner to learn. It is flexible and can take place anywhere and anytime. Common places for informal education include the family, home, playground, society, state, etc. Informal education doesn’t have a defined timeframe for learning, and it usually doesn’t involve textbooks or a specific curriculum. However, any experience that has an educative influence on an individual is considered a part of informal learning. It is a lifelong process in which a person imbibes attitudes, develops skills, cultivates values, and acquires knowledge outside of any institutional framework. 

Q. Provide a detailed explanation of Informal Education. Discuss its significance and how it contrasts with Formal Education. 

Answer: Informal Education can be understood as the learning that occurs outside of a structured curriculum. It is neither pre-planned nor deliberate. Instead, it is incidental and spontaneous, happening at any time and in any place. This contrasts with formal education, which follows a rigid curriculum within a specific timeframe under the guidance of qualified teachers. Informal learning can occur in a variety of contexts including the family, home, playground, society, and state. It doesn’t have a specific time frame for learning and doesn’t usually involve textbooks or a formal curriculum. 

However, informal education is a crucial aspect of an individual’s learning journey. The experiences and knowledge acquired through this form of education can significantly shape a person’s attitudes, skills, values, and knowledge base. As a continuous process throughout life, informal education fosters lifelong learning, encouraging individuals to learn from experiences and interactions with the world around them. 

Importantly, it’s not about replacing formal education but about complementing it. Informal education offers a balance to the structure and discipline of formal education, allowing individuals to explore interests and passions outside the confines of the classroom, fostering a broader perspective and skill set. In essence, while formal education provides the foundation and framework for learning, informal education enriches this learning, making it more holistic and well-rounded. 

Q. What is non-formal education? 

Answer: Non-formal education is an organised, systematic educational activity carried on outside the framework of the formal school system to provide a particular type of learning to a target group. 

Q. Why was a need felt for non-formal education? 

Answer: The need for non-formal education was felt because education may have eluded some groups due to non-availability of schools, dropping out from schools, or poverty. This created a need for providing learning opportunities for such children, young individuals, or adults who remained excluded from the formal system of education. 

Q. What are some forms that non-formal education can take? 

Answer: Non-formal education can take various forms. Those who want to learn should have the opportunity of studying privately through postal courses, correspondence courses, or open universities. These methods offer the flexibility of earning while learning and passing university exams to earn degrees. 

Q. How is non-formal education different from formal education? 

Answer: Non-formal education differs from formal education in that it is a specific type of education where rules and regulations are minimized, keeping in view the needs of the aspirants for acquiring education. This alternative arrangement is for those who could not attend the formal system of education like school or college. 

Q. What are agencies of education? 

Answer: Agencies of education are individual groups, institutions, and tools involved in the process of transmitting thoughts, values, traditions, customs, experiences, and knowledge from one generation to the next. This process is known as education. 

Q. What are agencies of formal education? 

Answer: Agencies of formal education are those which operate with a specific and exclusive purpose for imparting education. The aim and programme of work in these agencies are pre-planned, and the places and times of work are also predetermined. They involve a formal teaching and learning process where teachers and students engage, regular examinations are conducted, and certificates or degrees are issued at the end of a course. 

Q. What is the role of a school in formal education? 

Answer: The school is one of the main agencies of formal education. It’s a place where children are sent to receive education, and with its curriculum and co-curriculum activities, it helps in developing many traits of students’ personalities. In addition to imparting knowledge on subjects like science, social science, language, mathematics, computer, technology, art, and painting, schools also engage students in activities like sports, literary activities, library, dramas, singing, social work, picnics, visits, tours, etc. This allows students to develop their skills, values, and personalities and become future citizens of the country. 

Q. How is a school often referred to and why? 

Answer: A school is often referred to as a ‘Temple of learning.’ This is because, as per the words of John Dewey, “School is not to prepare for life but life itself.” A school does not just prepare students for life, it emulates life in its activities and teachings. It plays a crucial role in shaping students’ personality, imparting important knowledge, and promoting essential life skills. The school environment encourages students to learn and grow, developing into responsible citizens of the country. Thus, due to its significant role in a student’s life and learning process, a school is revered as a ‘Temple of learning.’ 

Q. What is a Pre-primary school and what age group does it cater to? 

Answer: Pre-primary is also known as pre-school or nursery school, play school, kindergarten (LKG and UKG). These institutions are educational establishments offering early childhood education to children usually between the age group of 2½ yrs to 5 years, prior to the commencement of compulsory education at primary school. 

Q. What does the primary stage of education consist of, and what are the subjects taught at this level? 

Answer: The primary stage consists of Classes I to V, i.e., it is of five years duration in certain states/UTs, and I-IV in others. The subjects taught at the primary level include science, geography, history, maths and other social sciences. This structure of primary education is preceded by pre-primary education and followed by secondary education. It is part of the elementary education mission in India, which oversees the facilities of primary education. 

Q. Could you explain the middle stage of education in terms of classes and different states/UTs? 

Answer: The middle stage of education comprises of classes VI to VIII in as many as 18 states and Union Territories viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Delhi and Karaikal region of Puducherry. However, it comprises Classes V-VII in states like Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Mahe region of Puducherry. In Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Yanam region of Puducherry it includes classes VI-VII. While in Nagaland Classes V-VIII constitute the middle school. 

Q. Detail out the secondary stage of education and the subjects taught during this stage? 

Answer: The secondary stage or high school consists of classes IX-X in 19 states/UTS viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Delhi and Karaikal region of Puducherry. However, in 13 states/UTs viz., Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Mahe & Yanam regions of Puducherry, the high school stage comprises classes VIII to X. The higher secondary or senior secondary stage, comprising classes XI-XII (10+2 pattern), is available in all the states/UTs, though in some states/UTs these classes are attached to universities/colleges. Subjects taught in the secondary stage include mathematics, science, social science, English, Hindi or regional language of a particular state. 

Q. What is the structure and purpose of a Higher/Senior Secondary School? 

Answer: The higher secondary or senior secondary stage of school comprises classes XI and XII, following the 10+2 pattern. This stage of education is available in all states and Union Territories. In some places, these classes are attached to universities or colleges. At this stage, students have to choose their subjects based on their interests. The different streams available to them are medical, non-medical, commerce, and arts. 

Q. Can you differentiate between Boys’ School, Girls’ School, and Co-educational School? 

Answer: 

• Boys’ School: These schools are where only boys are admitted. Most of these schools are government-run. 
• Girls’ School: In these schools, only girls are admitted. They are predominantly government schools. 
• Co-educational School: In these schools, boys and girls study together. Most public schools fall under this category. 

Q. What are the features and benefits of a Day School? 

Answer: A day school is a school where students stay for a few hours during the day for learning. Teachers impart education through lessons. Students live with their parents at home after school hours, enjoying both formal learning at school and informal learning at home with parents. This type of schooling provides a balance between academic learning and home life. 

Q. Describe the concept of a Boarding School. 

Answer: Boarding schools are also known as residential schools. In these schools, students live in school premises except during vacations when they can go home. Teachers and wardens take care of their meals and other activities. These schools foster habits of self-dependence and self-learning in students. It’s a good system for the integral development of students’ personalities. Many public schools follow this model. 

Q. What is the purpose of Adult Schools? 

Answer: Adult schools are institutions where adults, who for various reasons could not get education during their youth, are given an opportunity to learn. The main purpose of these schools is to provide a second chance for learning at a later age and to remove illiteracy from the adult population. They aim to make adults literate and self-dependent. 

Q. What is a Technical School? 

Answer: A technical school is an institution where technical education is provided to students alongside normal education. The main aim of these schools is to train students for a specific vocation as well as providing a general education. 

Q. Discuss the nature and purpose of Special Schools. 

Answer: 

• School for the Blind: These are schools for children who cannot see or are blind. They are educated with the help of Braille, a method of learning by touch. 
• School for the Deaf and Dumb: These schools cater to children who can neither hear nor speak. They are taught with the help of signs and symbols. 
• School for Mentally Retarded (Mentally Challenged): These are schools for children with significantly low IQ. They are taught using the activity method, through touching and experiencing, as their learning pace is slower due to low IQ. 

Q. What, according to Raymond, is the influence of the school and society during the juvenile period of life? 

Answer: According to Raymond, the influence of the school and society during the juvenile period of life is crucial for character building. The corporate life of the school helps place upon the boy or girl the mark or stamp we call character. 

Q. How does the school develop traits of character and personality of students? 

Answer: The school develops traits of character and personality of students through its curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. The school’s role as a formal agency of education is to socialize growing children and teach them skills and values. The socialization process in schools involves school curriculum, classes, and other activities like sports, plays, debates, competitions, etc. 

Q. List some of the lessons students learn from school. 

Answer: 

• To maintain silence. 
• To obey commands. 
• To remain neat and clean. 
• To be punctual. 
• To be regular. 
• To do homework. 
• To participate in various competitions. 
• To be in the uniform. 
• To maintain discipline. 
• To prepare for tests. 
• To participate in sports and games. 
• To learn new arts, painting, singing, dancing, etc. 
• To obey the rules and regulation of school. 
• To respect teachers and parents. 
• To use libraries for learning. 

Q. How does a school help students become self-dependent? 

Answer: Schools help students to become self-dependent by gradually weaning them off their dependence on parents and relatives. Through different activities and challenges, students learn to solve problems, make decisions, and take care of their own needs. The structured environment of the school fosters a sense of responsibility and independence in the students, preparing them for their future roles as responsible citizens. 

Q. What is the role of a school in socializing a child and establishing their relation with society? 

Answer: The role of a school in socializing a child is vital. As a formal agency of education, the school has the responsibility to socialize growing children and teach them essential skills and values. This socialization process is achieved through the school curriculum, classes, and various other activities like sports, plays, debates, and competitions. By participating in these activities, students learn to interact with others, work in teams, respect different viewpoints, and follow societal norms and regulations. These experiences help them establish a relationship with society and prepare them to be responsible citizens. Furthermore, school plays an important role in character building and personality development of an individual, marking them with traits that we identify as character. 

Q. What role does a teacher play in the growth and development of a student’s personality? 

Answer: A teacher significantly contributes to the growth and development of a child’s personality. As an educator, the teacher assumes a crucial position in school and with their dedicated duty, interest, and caring attitude, they act as a powerful formative force. A skilled teacher can effectively gain the cooperation of the pupil for educational purposes. They serve as a guiding force for students and should play the role of a leader by actively participating in the school’s curricular life. By doing this, students are inspired to become leaders themselves. 

Q. What is the “Monitorial system” and who introduced it? 

Answer: The Monitorial system was introduced by Thomas Arnold. This system acknowledges the strong influence of individual students and utilizes this by assigning them as ‘monitors’. Monitors help teachers in executing their duties in the best possible way. 

Q. Enumerate the activities that should be part of a school assembly. 

Answer: (i) Prayers and the singing of the national anthem. (ii) Congratulating students for their achievements in various fields or positions attained. (iii) Expressing condolences when necessary. (iv) Addressing the students and making important announcements by the headmaster/principal. 

Q. What are the factors that promote a sense of equality and community feeling among students? 

Answer: 

• Wearing a school uniform. This ensures that all students look alike, promoting a feeling of equality. 
• Having a school badge. This is not only a source of pride for students but also fosters a sense of community. 
• Having a school motto and school color, which students wear on special occasions. 

Q. What are the special occasions and events that should be celebrated in schools? 

Answer: Republic Day, Independence Day, and the birth and death anniversaries of Great personalities should be commemorated in schools. Parent’s day, the annual school day, and prize distribution programs should also be organized. 

Q. What regular activities should be undertaken to promote cleanliness and environmental responsibility in the school? 

Answer: Regular cleanliness drives should be part of the school activities, with pupils and teachers cooperating in these efforts. Tree plantation drives should also be carried out during the rainy season, with each individual being encouraged to plant a tree. 

Q. What is the stance on punishment in schools? 

Answer: Punishment should be avoided as much as possible in schools. Punishment can never have a positive influence on students. 

Q. List down the physical facilities that a school should possess. 

Answer: (i) A well-constructed building. (ii) Modern amenities. (iii) Spacious playground. (iv) A large hall. (v) Library and laboratories. (vi) Clean drinking water facility. (vii) Hand wash facility. (viii) Clean toilets, separate for boys and girls. (ix) Separate common rooms for boys and girls. (x) Indoor games facility. (xi) Computer room. (xii) A school canteen. 

Q. What measures can a school adopt for establishing cordial relations with the society? 

Answer: For fostering harmonious relationships with the community, a school can undertake various actions: 

• Include educated persons, social workers, and local leaders in different capacities at the school. 
• Encourage parent participation in school activities to better handle any problematic situations. 
• Invite local people and parents to school festivals and socio-cultural functions. 
• Conduct regular parent-teacher meetings to ensure the smooth functioning of the school. 
• Extend invitations to learned individuals and high-achieving senior citizens for their valuable suggestions, guidance, and talks. 

Q. How can the experience gained from society be used in school, and why is it important? 

Answer: The experiences and insights gained from society’s prominent figures can be utilized in the school context, enriching the educational environment. These individuals’ achievements and wisdom can serve as valuable sources of learning and inspiration for students. Moreover, the skills and attitudes that students acquire in school should also be brought into wider society, essentially creating a two-way exchange between the school and the community. This interaction will further strengthen the relationship between the school and the society, ultimately benefitting the students in their growth and development. 

Q. What is a college and who are its typical students? 

Answer: A college is an institution for higher learning, accessible typically to individuals who have successfully completed their high school education and have achieved good results. It is a place where one acquires advanced knowledge in various fields. In colleges, the methods of teaching, rules and regulations, discipline, homework, etc., are more flexible than in schools. The students in colleges are generally mature individuals who have made the conscious decision to pursue higher studies. 

Q. What are the different types of colleges? 

Answer: Types of colleges that cater to various fields of study are: 

• Arts colleges 
• Science colleges 
• Engineering colleges 
• Medical colleges 
• Agricultural colleges 
• Technical colleges 
• Ayurveda colleges 
• Education colleges 
• Theological colleges 
• Commerce colleges 

In addition to these, there are also many training colleges that provide specialized training for specific professions. 

Q. What does A.N. Whitehead mean when he says, “There is only one subject matter of education that is life in all its manifestations”? 

Answer: A.N. Whitehead’s quote emphasizes the idea that all life experiences can be educative. This statement underscores the importance of informal education, suggesting that it is not just formal institutions like schools and colleges that provide knowledge. By living and interacting within a community, a child can acquire education. Every life situation and every life interaction can potentially offer a learning experience, thereby making life in all its manifestations the true subject matter of education. 

Q. Describe the role of the family as an informal agency of education. 

Answer: The family or home is often considered the most significant informal agency of education. Family comprises different members, such as the husband, wife, children, and grandparents, all living together under one roof as a single unit. These familial relationships and interactions provide the first and most intimate environment for education. The values, norms, and habits that children learn in their homes significantly shape their behavior, attitudes, and future interactions. So, in many ways, the family lays the groundwork for the formal education that a child receives later in schools and colleges. It is in the family that a child first learns about love, respect, responsibility, and a host of other essential qualities that remain with them throughout their life. 

Q. What is the economic function of a family in education? 

Answer: The economic function of a family in education is being a well-knit economic unit, providing complete security and fulfilling all needs of the young ones. It is also the place where young ones acquire many types of training. The economic security provided by the home contributes to the development of a balanced personality of the young ones. Additionally, vocational knowledge and other skills are transmitted to children at home. 

Q. Describe the social function of the home in the context of education. 

Answer: The home serves as the first social environment for young ones, providing experiences of a small, effective community. It helps children to acquire habits, attitudes, manners, and other social patterns of behavior. Here, they learn to speak, laugh, eat, drink, wear, and maintain cleanliness. The family, as the first social agency, initiates the child’s socialisation process. 

Q. How does the family play a role in civic education? 

Answer: The family, often termed as the first school, imparts the first lessons of citizenship to a child, fostering the development of civic sense. Within the family setting, children learn discipline, self-control, obedience, respect for others and elders. They begin to understand the importance of rights and duties, and develop a sense of belonging, hence cultivating their civic awareness. The emotional satisfaction provided by the family also contributes to this process. 

Q. What is the moral function of the family in education? 

Answer: The family serves as the primary source of moral education. Moral qualities of an individual are often imbibed in childhood at home. Children tend to act, feel, and think as the other members of the family do, accepting the moral code of the home as an essential pattern of their life. Where parents are honest, hardworking, courageous, disciplined, and truthful, children often adopt these moral values. Virtues and values such as truthfulness, obedience, justice, selflessness are absorbed by the children from their family environment. 

Q. Explain the family’s role in personality development. 

Answer: Family plays a pivotal role in shaping the personality of an individual. The infancy and early childhood years are crucial in the formation of personality traits, and during these periods, the child spends most of their time at home. The secure atmosphere of the home develops confidence among young ones and also forms a positive attitude in life. Hence, the family environment plays a vital role in the personality development of the child. 

Q. Describe the religious and cultural function of the family. 

Answer: The family serves as the primary source of religious and cultural education for the young ones. The seeds of religion and spiritual faith are planted in the hearts of young ones at home during an early age. Home plays a very important role in the development of religion and culture of the young ones. When parents have faith in a religion and follow the rules of culture and civilization, their children often follow in their footsteps, adopting their parents’ religious and cultural practices. 

Q. What does the term ‘mass media’ mean and how has it evolved over time? 

Answer: ‘Mass media’ is a term derived from two words: ‘Mass’, which means involving maximum people, and ‘Media’, referring to the way of communication. Therefore, the term ‘mass media’ refers to the methods of communicating and expressing effectively to a large number of people. In ancient times, the sole medium of communication for children was the teacher, who imparted education orally. However, as times changed and technology progressed, the printing press emerged and started to print books. This was followed by the introduction of newspapers. Further developments led to the rise of radio, television, cinema, and the internet, which are widely used for education today. 

Q. Enumerate the benefits of radio in education and mass communication. 

Answer: Radio, being a potent and powerful means of mass communication, offers several benefits: 

• It supplements classroom learning by providing additional material. 
• It reaches the masses without being limited by geographical or temporal boundaries. 
• It assists in educating illiterate individuals. 
• It helps in shaping public opinion. 
• It aids in productive utilization of leisure time by offering interesting programs. 
• It delights children with dedicated children’s programs. 
• It empowers women by teaching them various skills through women-centric programs. 
• It motivates the youth through youth-focused broadcasts. 
• It promotes higher education by providing information and learning through university broadcast programs. 
• It has triggered a revolution in the field of education. 

Q. Discuss the origin and role of television in providing education, information, and entertainment. 

Answer: The term ‘Television’ is a combination of two words: ‘Tele’, which means distant, and ‘Vision’, which means sight. It is one of the most important mediums for providing education, information, news, weather reports, and entertainment worldwide. Many educators and scientists believe that this electronic device is a good solution to the complex problems of education. With the rapid expansion of TV transmission, television programs have become very useful in supplementing school and college learning. 

Television has several advantages. As an audio-visual device, it creates more interest among learners. It is highly informative and provides amusement, making it a boon for those who cannot acquire education through traditional methods. It keeps teachers well-informed and up-to-date, which in turn makes them more alert. It has the capacity to recreate past events through films, lectures, and dramatization, thereby assisting education. It can present and explain scientific and natural phenomena better. Television can also promote social equality and help people to see rare things, places, and events. It can reduce dependence on a teacher and foster positive attitudes of cleanliness, health, and hygiene through basic education. The Indian television network, which started in 1959, has evolved significantly. Presently, there are more than 450 TV Channels, including private channels, in the country, making television a very potent medium for providing information, entertainment, and education in the daily lives of citizens worldwide. 

Q. How has mass media contributed to education and how has it evolved over time? 

Answer: Mass media, which involves communicating to a large number of people, has played a significant role in education over time. In the past, the primary source of education was the teacher who used oral instruction to communicate with children. However, with technological advancements, this evolved, and printed materials such as books were introduced, followed by newspapers. 

As time passed, other forms of media such as radio, television, cinema, and the internet emerged, expanding the scope and reach of education. Each of these mediums has unique advantages. For instance, radio can reach a large audience and provide supplemental information to classroom learning. Similarly, television, an audio-visual medium, creates more interest among learners and offers varied educational content. Internet-based learning platforms provide access to a plethora of information and learning materials that can be accessed at the learner’s convenience. Thus, mass media, by evolving with technology, has significantly contributed to making education more accessible and effective. 

Q. What are the different roles of television in education, and how has the Indian television network evolved over time? 

Answer: Television has played a crucial role in education, acting as an effective medium to provide information, news, weather reports, entertainment, and above all, education. It brings several advantages to the table. As an audio-visual device, it piques the interest of learners. It is highly informative and provides entertainment, which makes it beneficial for those who cannot access traditional education methods. 

Furthermore, television helps teachers stay informed and up-to-date, ensuring their effectiveness. It also has the capacity to recreate past events, explain scientific and natural phenomena, and promote social equality. It even reduces the dependence on a teacher by offering a wide range of educational content that can be accessed independently by learners. 

The Indian television network has shown considerable growth since its inception in 1959. It now includes more than 450 TV Channels, both government-run and private. These channels provide a diverse range of content, including educational programs, thereby making television a very potent medium for providing information, entertainment, and education in the daily lives of citizens across the country. 

Q. What is the role of print media like newspapers and magazines in educating the masses? 

Answer: Newspapers and magazines play an important role in educating the masses, including young people, for their comprehensive growth and development. They are the primary means of educating the public and have a significant influence on the reading community. Newspapers, in particular, acquaint the public with the latest news from all parts of the country and the world, help form public opinion, provide a source of recreation, and are an economical and effective means of education. They focus on the nation’s burning problems, help people become aware of their rights, duties and responsibilities, develop the literary abilities of the masses, provide information on the latest advancements in science, commerce, and industry, and more. 

Q. List the types of magazines. 

Answer: The types of magazines include: 

• Literary Magazine 
• Scientific Magazine 
• Sports Magazine 
• Research Magazine 
• Trade and Commerce Magazine 
• Women’s Magazine 
• Children’s Magazine 
• School Magazine 
• Institutional Magazine 
• Language Magazine 
• Arts and Craft Magazine 
• Yoga Magazine 
• Career and Counselling Magazine 
• Health and Hygiene Magazine 

Q. How do newspapers contribute to the educational influence on the reading public? 

Answer: Newspapers contribute significantly to the educational influence on the reading public. They provide latest news from around the country and the world, which makes the public informed. They help in forming public opinion and are a source of recreation. Economically accessible to a wide range of people, newspapers effectively educate on various topics, focusing on pressing national issues. They increase public awareness about their rights, duties, and responsibilities. They also contribute to the development of the literary skills of people. They provide knowledge and information on advancements in science, commerce, and industry, offer vocation and training information, and aid political parties in propagating their policies. Newspapers also foster the habit of learning among the masses. 

Q. What are some other means of mass communication? 

Answer: Some other means of mass communication are: 

• Computer 
• Internet 
• Tele-conferencing 
• Flex Boards. 

Q. Discuss the role of magazines as educators of the nation. 

Answer: Like newspapers, magazines serve as vital educators of the nation. They cater to a wide variety of interests and age groups. There are literary magazines that focus on literature, scientific magazines that highlight advancements in science, sports magazines that cover various sports events and news, and research magazines that provide insights into recent researches in various fields. There are magazines dedicated to trade and commerce, women’s interests, children’s content, school-related issues, institutional affairs, languages, arts and crafts, yoga, careers and counselling, health and hygiene. Each type of magazine serves the interest of a specific group of people through their articles. They contribute significantly to the overall learning, awareness, and development of their readers. The depth and breadth of the topics covered by these magazines make them an important educational resource. 

Q. Elaborate on the importance and advantages of newspapers as a means of education. 

Answer: Newspapers, being the primary base for educating the public, have multiple advantages as a means of education. First, they acquaint the public with the latest news from all parts of the country and the world, thereby fostering a well-informed society. Second, they help in forming public opinion, which is crucial for a functioning democracy. Third, they serve as a source of recreation, as they also feature sections dedicated to entertainment, sports, and puzzles. Fourth, newspapers are economical, making them accessible to a wide range of people. They effectively educate on various topics and are influential in shaping thoughts and opinions. They focus on the pressing issues of the nation and encourage public discourse on them. Newspapers also help people become aware of their rights, duties, and responsibilities, which is essential for a democratic society. They contribute to the development of the literary skills of the masses and keep them updated on the latest advancements in science, commerce, and industry. They provide vocational and training information, help political parties communicate their policies to the public, and foster the habit of continuous learning among the masses. 

Q. What is non-formal education and who does it target? 

Answer: Non-formal education is an organized, systematic process carried out outside the framework of the formal school system to provide a special type of learning to a target group. The target groups for non-formal education include children, youth, or adults who have been excluded from the formal system due to non-availability of schools, school ‘drop outs’ or poverty. 

Q. Describe the function and types of non-formal education. 

Answer: Non-formal education functions to provide educational opportunities in a less formal setting compared to the formal school system, and discipline is not as strictly enforced. There are various types of non-formal education, including Open School and Open University. Open School is a non-formal agent of education that provides an alternative to formal school education and targets groups such as school drop outs, working adults, housewives, people from socio-economic backward classes, etc. Open University is another type of non-formal education that imparts education in a non-institutional setting with the help of multimedia agencies. 

Q. What is the concept of Open School and when was it started? 

Answer: The concept of open school is a revolutionary product of the modern scientific age. It provides minimum education to a particular section of society that includes school drop outs, working adults, housewives, and people from socio-economic backward classes. The Directorate of Open School was started in 1979 based on the recommendations given by the expert committee appointed by National Council for Educational Research and Training. The headquarters of the Directorate of Open School is in New Delhi. 

Q. What are the features of an Open School? 

Answer: Open School has various features: 

• It grants flexibility with regard to time. 
• It is flexible in matters of curriculum and choice of subjects available. 
• There is no binding of space and age. 
• It maintains flexibility in admission and examination. 
• It supplies instructional materials like printed lessons. 
• It utilizes mediums of multimedia, radio, T.V., films. 
• It brings courses for those who have never had any formal school education. 
• It offers both technical and non-technical education. 
• It offers courses both in formal schools and non-formal schools. 
• The learner can learn while earning or doing some job. 

Q. What is an Open University and how does it differ from traditional universities? 

Answer: An Open University differs from traditional universities in three ways. The learners are free to learn what they want, when they want, and where they want. The essential feature of an open university lies in education being imparted in a non-institutional setting with the help of multimedia agencies. It has opened the doors of higher education to millions of aspiring students who otherwise might not have access due to the inadequacy of formal institutions. 

Q. When was the first Open University started in India and what is its significance? 

Answer: The first open university was started in Andhra Pradesh, India, in 1982. This initiation was significant as it arose from the demand for formal higher education. However, the inadequacy of formal institutions to admit such a huge number of pupils forced the Government of India to start open universities. This initiative allowed millions of aspiring students to gain access to higher education. 

Q. Elaborate on the main features of Open University. 

Answer: The main features of an open university are as follows: 

• It provides scope for people to receive adult and continuing education. 
• It offers education on a part-time basis, allowing the working population and housewives to enrol. 
• It has an open entry system for anyone who has reached the required age of 21. 
• A wide range of subjects is offered in the curriculum. 
• It offers employees an opportunity to improve their educational qualifications. 
• Printed knowledge is supplemented by radio, television and other multimedia tools. 
• It provides educational opportunities to underprivileged and disadvantaged people. 
• It can be of great help for people who wish to pursue higher education while engaged in work. 
• It provides educational services to people living in remote areas of the country. 
• It provides vocational and technical courses for those who are unable to enrol themselves as full-time students. 
• It helps in acquiring higher degrees in subjects of individuals’ interest. 

Q. What is the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) and when was it established? 

Answer: The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is a well-known institution in India for non-formal education. It was established in 1985 in Delhi when Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India. This university became a preferred choice for many students, including working teachers, interested in technical and higher education. 

Q. Who can benefit from distance education or correspondence education? 

Answer: Distance or correspondence education can be a boon for individuals who are interested in improving their qualifications, those motivated to learn, those desiring to continue their education without formal institute admission, individuals interested in diverse courses for their knowledge pursuit, and people living in remote areas with no higher learning institutions. 

Q. What is distance education also known as in different countries? 

Answer: Distance education is known by different names in different countries. These include Correspondence Education, Distance Education, Independent study, Home study, and the Indian Education Commission refers to it as the “Own Time System.” 

Q. What recommendations has the India Education Commission made regarding correspondence education? 

Answer: The India Education Commission has recommended correspondence education, recognising that many people in India are busy with livelihood earning, with little time and money to obtain formal educational institute admission. This type of education is ideal for them as it’s economical in terms of time and money. It can address the increasing education demand and fulfill the social need of providing equal educational opportunities to everyone. 

Q. When was the Directorate of Correspondence Education established in Delhi University and how many universities now offer correspondence courses? 

Answer: The Directorate of Correspondence Education was established in Delhi University in 1962. Now, over 70 universities offer correspondence courses. 

Q. Why is correspondence education popular among people? 

Answer: Correspondence education is popular among people due to several reasons. It is economical and provides education according to the learner’s convenience. There’s freedom for students regarding learning timing and regularity. Students don’t need to attend an institution physically for learning. It doesn’t require infrastructure like buildings, furniture, regular teachers, and equipment. Individuals can specialize in any subject and are free from regular homework. They can learn at ease, irrespective of time and place. 

Q. What is the major drawback of correspondence education and how is it addressed? 

Answer: A significant drawback of correspondence education is the lack of a close relationship between teacher and student due to the absence of regular classes and a consistent teacher. To overcome this issue, a compulsory component of this education system is the Personal Contact Programme (PCP). Universities conducting correspondence courses arrange PCPs in institutions for students living in various areas. During PCPs, there are classroom lectures and discussions for 15 to 21 days to solve the major issues faced by students. 

Q. What is the role of NCERT in improving the quality of school education in India? 

Answer: NCERT provides academic support to improve the quality of school education in India. It assists and advises in need-based school improvement programs and acts as an academic advisor to the Ministry of Human Resource Development in forming and implementing education policies. 

Q. Can you detail some of the functions of NCERT? 

Answer: NCERT undertakes a wide range of functions: 

• Research: It carries out research in various fields of education at different levels of school education. It also assists other agencies by providing financial grants for research. 
• Training: It organizes training programs for both pre-service and in-service teachers. 
• Educational Surveys: It conducts periodical surveys to understand the actual conditions of school education in India. 
• Publications: It publishes educational journals, research papers, school textbooks, teachers’ guides, workbooks, and other instructional materials for teachers and schools. 
• Examination Reforms: The council is involved in examination reforms and conducts seminars, workshops, training courses, extension lectures for this purpose. 
• Human Value and Population Education: The council provides instructional materials for promoting human values in education and organizes programs on population education for awareness in schools. 

Q. Elaborate on the establishment and objectives of the University Grants Commission (UGC)? 

Answer: The University Grants Commission, also known as the Radhakrishnan Commission, was established in November 1953 by a resolution of the Ministry of Education. Its main objectives were the maintenance of academic standards in universities, coordination of educational policies in the country’s federal political system, and providing grants for development to universities and for research to individuals or groups of teachers. The UGC Act was passed in Parliament in 1956 to enable the UGC to coordinate and determine the standards in universities. 

Q. Discuss the role and responsibilities of the UGC in the development of universities? 

Answer: The UGC has a pivotal role in the development and enhancement of universities in India. It allocates recurrent and capital grants to universities, facilitating their improvement and growth. The UGC is tasked with maintaining the academic standards of universities. In terms of educational policies, it ensures their coordination, keeping in mind the federal political system of the country. Furthermore, the UGC is responsible for providing grants to universities for development. It also offers grants to individual teachers or groups of teachers for conducting research. The UGC Act of 1956 empowered the UGC for coordination and determination of the standards in universities. 

 Q. How do the NCERT and the UGC work to ensure the quality and development of education in India? 

Answer: Both the NCERT and the UGC play critical roles in ensuring the quality and development of education in India. 

The NCERT provides academic support to enhance the quality of school education. It is actively involved in need-based school improvement programmes and offers advice to the Ministry of Human Resource Development on educational policies and their implementation. It also undertakes research in the field of education, offers training to pre-service and in-service teachers, conducts periodical educational surveys, and publishes various educational materials. NCERT also promotes human values in education and organises programmes on population education in schools. 

On the other hand, the UGC is primarily responsible for the maintenance and enhancement of academic standards in universities. It ensures the coordination of educational policies in the country’s federal political system. Moreover, it provides grants to universities for their development and to individual teachers or groups of teachers for conducting research. The UGC Act was passed in 1956, empowering the UGC to coordinate and determine the standards in universities. Together, the NCERT and UGC contribute significantly to maintaining and enhancing the quality and development of education in India. 

Q. What are the steps UGC takes for the promotion and coordination of university education? 

Answer: The UGC takes various steps to promote and coordinate university education such as forming committees for the inspection of universities, making five year plans for development, and allocating grants according to the needs of the universities and their affiliated colleges. 

Q. How does the UGC maintain the standards of teaching, examination, and results of universities? 

Answer: The UGC maintains the standards of teaching, examination and results of universities by continuously inspecting the universities, recommending necessary measures for improvement, and keeping a check on the financial requirements of the universities. 

Q. What role does UGC play in the allocation and distribution of grants? 

Answer: The UGC plays a significant role in the allocation and distribution of grants. It allocates and distributes grants to universities for their development, to deemed universities, and to the affiliated colleges of the universities in different areas. It also creates five-year plans for the development of colleges under universities and allocates grants according to their needs. 

Q. How does the UGC contribute to the improvement of university education in India? 

Answer: The UGC contributes significantly to the improvement of university education in India. It promotes and coordinates university education, maintains the standards of teaching, examination, and research in universities, and recommends necessary measures for improvements. Furthermore, it allocates and distributes grants for university development and for various areas within the universities’ affiliated colleges. The UGC’s role is pivotal in the higher education landscape of India, and it continually takes new initiatives to make India a vibrant nation in terms of higher education. 

Q. What was the objective behind the establishment of UNESCO in 1946? 

Answer: UNESCO was established in 1946 with the aim to free mankind from war and to create a proper educational and psychological climate for a single world society. Its objective was to promote world peace and prosperity, fostering cultural and educational development among millions of people worldwide. The organization’s credo, as stated in the preamble to its constitution, is, “Since war begins in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that defences of peace must be constructed.” 

Q. What are the various programs spread by UNESCO all over the world? 

Answer: UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, has various programs spread all over the world. These programs primarily aim to foster peace, cultural, educational and intellectual development, and solidarity among the global population. UNESCO’s mission is to create an environment that liberates humanity from the ravages of war, believing that it is in the minds of people that the defenses of peace must be built. By creating a proper educational and psychological climate, UNESCO seeks to establish a singular world society, thus spreading its programs globally to achieve this vision. 

Q. What is the leading role of UGC in the field of higher education in India? 

Answer: The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India plays a leading role in the field of higher education in the country. It works towards promoting and coordinating university education and maintaining the standards of teaching, examination, and research in universities. The UGC allocates and distributes grants to universities for their development and to their affiliated colleges for promotion and development. It also forms committees that advise the government on the opening of new universities, conducts inspections, and enquires into the financial requirements of universities. It’s through these comprehensive measures that the UGC plays its leading role, aiming to elevate the quality and standard of higher education in India. 

Q. Can you elaborate on the various initiatives taken by the UGC in the field of higher education for making India a vibrant nation? 

Answer: The University Grants Commission (UGC) has been instrumental in driving the progress of higher education in India, making the nation stand out vibrantly in the global educational landscape. Through continuous promotion and coordination of university education, the UGC has set a high bar for quality standards. This is achieved through regular inspections and consultations with universities, making necessary recommendations for improvement where required. 

A crucial initiative has been the strategic allocation and distribution of grants. These are given to universities for their overall development and to colleges affiliated with the universities for fostering growth and development in specific areas. The UGC even has a system in place to provide grants to deemed universities. 

A significant part of the UGC’s efforts is channeled into planning. The commission creates five-year plans for the development of colleges under universities, aligning the allocation of grants to these plans to ensure optimal use of resources. 

Additionally, the UGC plays a key advisory role to the government regarding the establishment of new universities. Through the formation of committees dedicated to this task, it helps expand the educational landscape of the country. 

By maintaining stringent standards of teaching, examination, and research, and by driving a series of new initiatives, the UGC is taking significant strides in strengthening India’s higher education system. 

Q. What are the three basic functions of UNESCO in the field of education? 

Answer: The three basic functions of UNESCO in the field of education are: universal literacy, adult education, and lifelong continuing education. 

Q. Explain the term ‘universal literacy’ as used in UNESCO’s educational function. 

Answer: Universal literacy, as per UNESCO’s educational function, refers to the notion that every child in the world should have the opportunity to read and write. The aim is to make all citizens literate, fostering better understanding and empowerment globally. 

Q. What role does UNESCO play in adult education, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries? 

Answer: UNESCO plays a critical role in promoting adult literacy in developing and underdeveloped countries. The organization considers education to be a lifelong and continuous process. As such, it arranges educational programs for adults who might not have received adequate education during their childhood. It also provides grants to voluntary bodies and helps arrange distance education, thereby facilitating accessibility and inclusivity. 

Q. Describe the functions that UNESCO carries out in education across the globe. 

Answer: UNESCO performs a wide range of functions in education globally. These include providing education to children and adults, removing illiteracy, and arranging educational programs for those who missed out on education during their childhood. The organization establishes Regional Research and Training Centres for schools and teachers, and aids in arranging distance education. It provides educational material, allocates grants to voluntary bodies, assists in arranging a multimedia approach to education, and experiments with new innovations in the area of education. Furthermore, it makes provision for the training of various categories of teachers and allocates financial grants to schools for textbooks, TV projectors, computers, and other essential equipment. Lastly, it establishes international institutions for educational planning in Paris with the aim of planning a global program for education. 

Q. What is UNESCO’s role in promoting scientific functions? 

Answer: UNESCO encourages scientific enquiry among the younger generation to foster a scientific attitude. It promotes the work of International Scientific Institutions and facilitates opportunities for scientific innovations during regular meetings of these institutions. UNESCO also recognizes any individual or group that contributes to the transmission of knowledge as an agency of education. Furthermore, the organization strives to foster an integrated research base in the field of science and develop the scientific attitude of people worldwide. 

94. How does UNESCO contribute to cultural functions globally? 

Answer: UNESCO plays a pivotal role in fostering world peace and security through its cultural functions. The organization aims to enhance the quality of press, films, and radio services worldwide, irrespective of language or region. It promotes programs for the exchange of teachers, students, artists, and writers, and encourages study tours, group discussions, seminars, and international lecture series to promote culture. It also undertakes commendable work in protecting and conserving world knowledge on heritage, books, and art. Through these cultural engagements, UNESCO strives to unify people for world peace.

Additional/extra MCQs

1. What type of education is a pre-planned scheme of studies taught by a qualified teacher based on discipline? 

A. Informal Education B. Formal Education C. Self-directed Education D. Non-traditional Education 

Answer: B. Formal Education 

2. What is the main aim of Formal Education? 

A. Entertainment B. Exercise C. Communication D. Education 

Answer: D. Education 

3. Which type of education follows a definite curriculum? 

A. Informal Education B. Self-learning C. Online Education D. Formal Education 

Answer: D. Formal Education 

4. What type of education occurs in institutions like schools and colleges? 

A. Non-formal Education B. Self-taught Education C. Formal Education D. Informal Education 

Answer: C. Formal Education 

5. Which type of education is neither deliberate nor planned? 

A. Formal Education B. Informal Education C. Non-formal Education D. Online Education 

Answer: B. Informal Education 

Q. Where can Informal Education take place? 

A. Gym B. Anywhere C. Classroom D. Office 

Answer: B. Anywhere 

Q. What type of education involves learning without any conscious effort from the learner? 

A. Formal Education B. Informal Education C. Non-formal Education D. Online Education 

Answer: B. Informal Education 

Q. Does Informal Education have a defined learning time frame? 

A. Yes B. No C. Sometimes D. Depends on the situation 

Answer: B. No 

Q. Which education type is a process in which a person keeps on learning throughout his life? 

A. Formal Education B. Informal Education C. Non-formal Education D. Online Education 

Answer: B. Informal Education 

Q. What type of education is the modification of behaviour which comes out spontaneously without any conscious effort for it? 

A. Formal Education B. Informal Education C. Non-formal Education D. Online Education 

Answer: B. Informal Education 

Q. What is the Greek meaning of the word “School”? 

A. Study B. Place of lecture C. House of learning D. Book 

Answer: B. Place of lecture 

Q. Who is a notable person that referred to the school as a ‘Temple of learning’? 

A. John Dewey B. Albert Einstein C. Isaac Newton D. Socrates 

Answer: A. John Dewey 

Q. Which form of education is characterized by minimized rules and regulations? 

A. Formal education B. Non-formal education C. Informal education D. Secondary education 

Answer: B. Non-formal education 

Q. Which type of education provides the opportunity to study privately through postal courses, correspondence courses, or open universities? 

A. Formal education B. Non-formal education C. Informal education D. Secondary education 

Answer: B. Non-formal education 

Q. Non-formal education primarily targets which group of people? 

A. Wealthy individuals B. School dropouts and those without school access C. College professors D. Formal education students 

Answer: B. School dropouts and those without school access 

Q. What are the entities called that transmit thoughts, values, traditions, customs, experiences, and knowledge from one generation to the next? 

A. Libraries B. Agencies of education C. Governments D. Families 

Answer: B. Agencies of education 

Q. Which agency of education engages students in a teaching and learning process, with pre-planned programmes of work, examinations, and the issuance of certificates or degrees? 

A. Informal agencies B. Non-formal agencies C. Extracurricular agencies D. Formal agencies 

Answer: D. Formal agencies 

Q. Which institution is a primary formal agency of education? 

A. Libraries B. Museums C. Schools D. Community centers 

Answer: C. Schools 

Q. Apart from academic subjects, what other activities does a school engage in to develop students’ skills, values, and personalities? 

A. Sleeping B. Eating C. Sports, literary activities, dramas, social work, picnics, visits, tours D. Shopping 

Answer: C. Sports, literary activities, dramas, social work, picnics, visits, tours 

Q. According to John Dewey, what does a school represent? 

A. Preparation for life B. Life itself C. Future citizenship D. Academic learning 

Answer: B. Life itself 

Q. What are the other names for Pre-primary schools? 

A. High School B. College C. Nursery School D. University 

Answer: C. Nursery School 

Q. What age group does Pre-primary education cater to? 

A. 5-7 years B. 2½-5 years C. 6-10 years D. 10-15 years 

Answer: B. 2½-5 years 

Q. Which stage of education is Classes I to V? 

A. Pre-primary B. Secondary C. Middle D. Primary 

Answer: D. Primary 

Q. What are the subjects taught at the primary level? 

A. Mathematics B. History C. English Literature D. Astronomy 

Answer: A. Mathematics 

Q. The middle stage of education comprises Classes VI to VIII in how many states and Union Territories? 

A. 15 B. 20 C. 18 D. 25 

Answer: C. 18 

Q. In which stage of education are the Classes V-VII included in Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram? 

A. Secondary B. Pre-primary C. Middle D. Primary 

Answer: C. Middle 

Q. The secondary stage of education consists of which classes in states like Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh? 

A. Classes VIII to X B. Classes IX to X C. Classes VII to IX D. Classes VI to VIII 

Answer: B. Classes IX to X 

Q. In which states or Union territories is the high school stage comprising classes VIII to X? 

A. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal B. Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka C. Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir D. Punjab, Sikkim 

Answer: B. Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka 

Q. What classes are included in the higher secondary or senior secondary stage of education? 

A. Classes IX-X B. Classes VIII-X C. Classes XI-XII D. Classes X-XI 

Answer: C. Classes XI-XII 

Q. Which subjects are taught in the secondary stage of education? 

A. Astronomy, Philosophy B. Mathematics, Science, Social Science, English, Hindi or regional language C. Music, Physical Education D. Literature, Art 

Answer: B. Mathematics, Science, Social Science, English, Hindi or regional language 

Q. What classes are included in the higher secondary or senior secondary stage of school? 

A. Classes VIII – IX B. Classes IX – X C. Classes X – XI D. Classes XI – XII 

Answer: D. Classes XI – XII 

Q. What streams can students choose from in a senior secondary school? 

A. Science, Commerce, Humanities B. Medical, Non-medical, Commerce, Arts C. Science, Arts, Physical Education D. Literature, Science, Commerce, Arts 

Answer: B. Medical, Non-medical, Commerce, Arts 

Q. In what type of school are only boys admitted? 

A. Co-educational school B. Girls’ School C. Boys’ School D. Boarding School 

Answer: C. Boys’ School 

Q. What type of schools are mostly government schools? 

A. Co-educational schools B. Boys’ schools C. Girls’ schools D. Both B. and C. 

Answer: D. Both B. and C. 

Q. What type of school allows students to stay with their parents after school hours? 

A. Boarding School B. Day School C. Adult School D. Co-educational School 

Answer: B. Day School 

Q. In what type of school do students live on the school premises except during vacations? 

A. Adult School B. Day School C. Technical School D. Boarding School 

Answer: D. Boarding School 

Q. What type of school aims to remove illiteracy from the adult population? 

A. Day School B. Boarding School C. Adult School D. Co-educational School 

Answer: C. Adult School 

Q. What type of schools impart technical education? 

A. Technical Schools B. Co-educational Schools C. Boys’ Schools D. Day Schools 

Answer: A. Technical Schools 

Q. Which type of school is specifically for blind students? 

A. School for the Deaf and Dumb B. School for the Blind C. School for Mentally Retarded D. Technical School 

Answer: B. School for the Blind 

Q. In which type of school are children taught with the help of signs and symbols? 

A. School for the Blind B. School for the Deaf and Dumb C. School for Mentally Retarded D. Technical School 

Answer: B. School for the Deaf and Dumb 

Q. According to Raymond, the school and society during the juvenile period of life place what on a boy or girl? 

A. Education B. Discipline C. Character D. Independence 

Answer: C. Character 

Q. Which agency’s role is to socialize growing children and teach them skills and values? 

A. Parents B. Relatives C. School D. Community 

Answer: C. School 

Q. What is one of the things students learn in school related to physical appearance? 

A. To remain neat and clean B. To wear makeup C. To style hair D. To wear jewelry 

Answer: A. To remain neat and clean 

Q. What is the importance of the school uniform? 

A. Fashion statement B. To distinguish teachers from students C. To be in the uniform D. As a safety measure 

Answer: C. To be in the uniform 

Q. What is one of the behaviors students learn to maintain in school? 

A. Excitement B. Silence C. Loudness D. Chatter 

Answer: B. Silence 

Q. What type of activities do students learn to participate in at school? 

A. Partying B. Competitions C. Gaming D. Shopping 

Answer: B. Competitions 

Q. What is one skill students learn in school related to academics? 

A. To prepare for tests B. To read novels C. To write stories D. To create art 

Answer: A. To prepare for tests 

Q. Whom do students learn to respect at school? 

A. Friends B. Celebrities C. Teachers and parents D. Politicians 

Answer: C. Teachers and parents 

Q. What facility do students learn to use for learning at school? 

A. Internet B. Libraries C. Cafeteria D. Playground 

Answer: B. Libraries 

Q. How does school help students in relation to their dependence on parents and relatives? 

A. Encourages dependence B. Disregards dependence C. Get rid of dependence D. Enhances dependence 

Answer: C. Get rid of dependence 

Q. Who introduced the Monitorial system in schools? 

A. Thomas Arnold B. Arnold Thomas C. Albert Einstein D. Thomas Edison 

Answer: A. Thomas Arnold 

Q. What should students wear to promote a feeling of equality? 

A. Casual clothes B. Sports attire C. School uniform D. Fashionable clothes 

Answer: C. School uniform 

Q. What kind of occasions should be celebrated in schools? 

A. Students’ birthdays B. Religious festivals C. Independence Day D. Halloween 

Answer: C. Independence Day 

Q. What activity should be taken up during the rainy season in school? 

A. Indoor games B. Art and Craft C. Tree Plantation D. Swimming 

Answer: C. Tree Plantation 

Q. What kind of facilities should a school have? 

A. Movie Theatre B. Skating Rink C. Hand wash facility D. Arcade Room 

Answer: C. Hand wash facility 

Q. Who should make important announcements in school assemblies? 

A. Class Monitor B. Students C. Headmaster D. Parents 

Answer: C. Headmaster 

Q. What is the stance on punishment in schools? 

A. Encouraged B. Strictly Enforced C. Necessary D. Avoided 

Answer: D. Avoided 

Q. Who plays the role of a formative force in a child’s development in school? 

A. Peers B. Parents C. Teacher D. Principal 

Answer: C. Teacher 

Q. What is the pride of a student and helps spread a community feeling? 

A. Academic Excellence B. Athletic Power C. School Badge D. Social Ability 

Answer: C. School Badge 

Q. What should students and teachers undertake with co-operation? 

A. Sports Competitions B. Cleanliness activities C. Academic Projects D. Debates and Discussions 

Answer: B. Cleanliness activities 

Q. Who should schools associate with in different capacities to establish cordial relations with the society? 

A. Parents B. Educated persons C. Social workers D. All of the above 

Answer: D. All of the above 

Q. What should be a regular feature of a school for smooth running and better community interaction? 

A. School festivals B. Socio-cultural functions C. Parent-teacher meetings D. School sports events 

Answer: C. Parent-teacher meetings 

Q. Who should be invited to school for their valuable suggestions, guidance, and talks? 

A. Local leaders B. Parents C. Senior citizens with higher achievements D. Children 

Answer: C. Senior citizens with higher achievements 

Q. After what class do students now typically get admission into college? 

A. Class 11 B. Class 12 C. Class 10 D. Class 9 

Answer: B. Class 12 

Q. Which type of college provides training for a specific profession? 

A. Arts colleges B. Science colleges C. Training colleges D. Education colleges 

Answer: C. Training colleges 

Q. According to A.N. Whitehead, what is the subject matter of education? 

A. Books B. Life in all its manifestations C. School D. Formal institutions 

Answer: B. Life in all its manifestations 

Q. Who makes up a home? 

A. Husband, wife, children B. Husband, wife, children, grandparents C. Parents, children D. Parents, grandparents, children 

Answer: B. Husband, wife, children, grandparents 

Q. What type of education is imparted by the family? 

A. Formal education B. Informal education C. College education D. School education 

Answer: B. Informal education 

Q. What kind of college is meant for studies in fields like painting, literature, and music? 

A. Engineering colleges B. Arts colleges C. Agricultural colleges D. Medical colleges 

Answer: B. Arts colleges 

Q. Who are the typical students of colleges? 

A. Children B. Individuals who have finished their schooling C. Individuals who have finished their primary education D. All of the above 

Answer: B. Individuals who have finished their schooling 

Q. What is the primary social institution from which all other institutions have developed, according to Ballard? 

A. School B. Community C. Government D. Family 

Answer: D. Family 

Q. Who is referred to as the first teacher in a child’s life? 

A. Father B. Mother C. Grandmother D. Sibling 

Answer: B. Mother 

Q. What is the role of family in a child’s economic education? 

A. Providing entertainment B. Providing security C. Providing outdoor activities D. Providing school supplies 

Answer: B. Providing security 

Q. From where do young ones learn their language? 

A. School B. Friends C. Home D. Television 

Answer: C. Home 

Q. What does the home provide to the child as a social agency? 

A. Books B. Socialisation C. Games D. Toys 

Answer: B. Socialisation 

Q. Where does a child learn the first lesson of citizenship? 

A. In school B. At home C. At the playground D. At a community center 

Answer: B. At home 

Q. What does the family teach a child about rights and duties? 

A. Their insignificance B. Their complexity C. Their importance D. Their difficulty 

Answer: C. Their importance 

Q. Where are the moral qualities of an individual imbibed? 

A. In school B. In the playground C. At home D. At church 

Answer: C. At home 

Q. When do the personality traits of an individual start developing? 

A. Infancy and early childhood B. Adolescence C. Late childhood D. Adulthood 

Answer: A. Infancy and early childhood 

Q. Where are the seeds of religion and spiritual faith laid down in the heart of young ones? 

A. At school B. At home C. At church D. At a community center 

Answer: B. At home 

Q. What is the term ‘Mass Media’ derived from? 

A. Mass Education B. Mass People C. Mass Communication D. Mass Information 

Answer: C. Mass Communication 

Q. What was the primary medium of communication for education in ancient times? 

A. Books B. Newspapers C. Teacher D. Radio 

Answer: C. Teacher 

Q. Which medium of communication came into existence after the introduction of newspapers? 

A. Books B. Radio C. Cinema D. Internet 

Answer: B. Radio 

Q. In India, what percentage of the population is covered by radio broadcast? 

A. 95% B. 99% C. 90% D. 100% 

Answer: B. 99% 

Q. What does the term ‘Television’ originate from? 

A. Tele – Sight B. Tele – Vision C. Vision – Tele D. Distant – Sight 

Answer: B. Tele – Vision 

Q. When did the Indian television network begin? 

A. 1960 B. 1961 C. 1959 D. 1962 

Answer: C. 1959 

Q. How many TV Channels, including private channels, are there in India currently? 

A. More than 400 B. More than 450 C. More than 500 D. More than 350 

Answer: B. More than 450 

Q. Which medium of mass communication came after the printing press? 

A. Newspapers B. Radio C. Internet D. Television 

Answer: A. Newspapers 

Q. Who is the target audience for the ‘women’s programme’ on radio? 

A. Children B. Men C. Women D. Youth 

Answer: C. Women 

Q. Which medium of mass communication creates more interest due to being an audio-visual device? 

A. Radio B. Television C. Newspaper D. Internet 

Answer: B. Television 

Q. Which form of print media is referred to as the primary base for educating the public? 

A. Magazines B. Pamphlets C. Books D. Newspapers 

Answer: D. Newspapers 

Q. What type of magazine would focus on the latest advancements in various fields? 

A. Literary Magazine B. Research Magazine C. Sports Magazine D. School Magazine 

Answer: B. Research Magazine 

Q. Which medium is mentioned as a good source of recreation? 

A. Internet B. Tele-conferencing C. Newspapers D. Computer 

Answer: C. Newspapers 

Q. Which form of print media helps in developing the literary abilities of the masses? 

A. Books B. Newspapers C. Pamphlets D. Booklets 

Answer: B. Newspapers 

Q. Which type of magazine caters to health-related topics? 

A. Trade and Commerce Magazine B. Career and Counselling Magazine C. Health and Hygiene Magazine D. Language Magazine 

Answer: C. Health and Hygiene Magazine 

Q. Which type of print media provides information about the latest advancement of science, commerce and industry? 

A. Booklets B. Books C. Newspapers D. Magazines 

Answer: C. Newspapers 

Q. What type of magazine focuses on language-related topics? 

A. Research Magazine B. Language Magazine C. Literary Magazine D. Institutional Magazine 

Answer: B. Language Magazine 

Q. Which medium helps political parties in propagating their policies to the public? 

A. Magazines B. Pamphlets C. Newspapers D. Books 

Answer: C. Newspapers 

Q. What type of magazine caters to content related to arts and crafts? 

A. Sports Magazine B. Arts and Craft Magazine C. Scientific Magazine D. Research Magazine 

Answer: B. Arts and Craft Magazine 

Q. What does non-formal education target? 

A. University students B. Primary school students C. Excluded groups from the formal system D. Professors 

Answer: C. Excluded groups from the formal system 

Q. In which year was the Directorate of Open School started? 

A. 1982 B. 1979 C. 1990 D. 1985 

Answer: B. 1979 

Q. Where is the headquarters of the Directorate of Open School located? 

A. Mumbai B. Bangalore C. New Delhi D. Kolkata 

Answer: C. New Delhi 

Q. What does an open school provide to the learners? 

A. Strict discipline B. Rigidity in curriculum C. Binding of time D. Flexibility in admission and examination 

Answer: D. Flexibility in admission and examination 

Q. Which medium does an open school use for instruction? 

A. Only textbooks B. Only classroom teaching C. Multimedia D. Only online classes 

Answer: C. Multimedia 

Q. Where was the first open university started in India? 

A. Maharashtra B. Kerala C. Andhra Pradesh D. Uttar Pradesh 

Answer: C. Andhra Pradesh 

Q. What is the minimum age requirement for enrolment in open universities? 

A. 18 B. 21 C. 16 D. 25 

Answer: B. 21 

Q. Who can enrol in open universities? 

A. Only unemployed individuals B. Only school dropouts C. Working population and housewives D. Only university dropouts 

Answer: C. Working population and housewives 

Q. What kind of courses does an open university provide? 

A. Only non-vocational B. Only theoretical C. Vocational and technical D. Only technical 

Answer: C. Vocational and technical 

Q. What type of education setting does an open university offer? 

A. Institutional B. Classroom-based C. Non-institutional D. Online only 

Answer: C. Non-institutional 

Q. When was the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) established? 

A. 1975 B. 1985 C. 1995 D. 2005 

Answer: B. 1985 

Q. Who was the Prime Minister of India when IGNOU was established? 

A. Indira Gandhi B. Rajiv Gandhi C. Atal Bihari Vajpayee D. P. V. Narasimha Rao 

Answer: B. Rajiv Gandhi 

Q. What is another name for Distance Education in India? 

A. Independent Study B. Home Study C. Correspondence Education D. Own Time System 

Answer: D. Own Time System 

Q. How many universities in India offer correspondence courses? 

A. More than 50 B. More than 60 C. More than 70 D. More than 80 

Answer: C. More than 70 

Q. Which university established the Directorate of Correspondence Education in 1962? 

A. IGNOU B. Delhi University C. Mumbai University D. Calcutta University 

Answer: B. Delhi University 

Q. What is the compulsory part of the distance education system to bridge the gap between the teacher and the pupil? 

A. Regular Homework B. Online Classes C. Personal Contact Programme (PCP) D. Specialisation Courses 

Answer: C. Personal Contact Programme (PCP) 

Q. What is one of the major benefits of distance education? 

A. Requires regular homework B. Needs a regular teacher C. Allows learning at ease D. Requires attending an institution 

Answer: C. Allows learning at ease 

Q. What type of education system does the Indian Education Commission recommend for people who are busy earning their livelihood? 

A. Formal education B. Technical education C. Correspondence education D. Specialisation Courses 

Answer: C. Correspondence education 

Q. Which type of individuals can benefit from distance education? 

A. Those who want to discontinue education B. Those who wish to learn and are motivated for learning C. Those who want regular homework D. Those who want to attend a regular class 

Answer: B. Those who wish to learn and are motivated for learning 

Q. Which of the following is not a benefit of correspondence education? 

A. Economical B. Requires physical attendance C. Freedom regarding learning timing D. Does not require building and furniture 

Answer: B. Requires physical attendance 

Q. When was NCERT established? 

A. 1953 B. 1961 C. 1956 D. 1948 

Answer: B. 1961 

Q. Where is the headquarters of NCERT located? 

A. Mumbai B. Kolkata C. New Delhi D. Chennai 

Answer: C. New Delhi 

Q. What is the role of NCERT in the formation of education policies? 

A. Implementer B. Developer C. Critic D. Advisor 

Answer: D. Advisor 

Q. What is one of the activities NCERT undertakes related to examinations? 

A. Grading B. Reforms C. Paper setting D. Checking 

Answer: B. Reforms 

Q. Which organization was also known as the Radhakrishnan Commission? 

A. NCERT B. UGC C. SCERT D. DIET 

Answer: B. UGC 

Q. When did the University Grants Commission come into existence? 

A. 1953 B. 1961 C. 1956 D. 1948 

Answer: A. 1953 

Q. The UGC Act was passed in the Parliament in which year? 

A. 1953 B. 1961 C. 1956 D. 1948 

Answer: C. 1956 

Q. What is one of the basic objectives of UGC? 

A. School development B. Corporate training C. Academic standards maintenance D. Technological advancement 

Answer: C. Academic standards maintenance 

Q. Who does UGC provide grants to for research? 

A. Students B. Non-governmental organizations C. Government bodies D. Individual or group of teachers 

Answer: D. Individual or group of teachers 

Q. Who acts as an academic advisor to the Ministry of Human Resource Development in the formation of education policies? 

A. UGC B. SCERT C. NCERT D. DIET 

Answer: C. NCERT 

Q. Who allocates and distributes grants for university development in India? 

A. UNESCO B. UGC C. Government of India D. Indian Universities 

Answer: B. UGC 

Q. Who forms committees for the inspection of universities in India? 

A. Government of India B. Indian Universities C. UNESCO D. UGC 

Answer: D. UGC 

Q. What is the aim of UNESCO? 

A. Promote University Education B. Allocate grants to Universities C. Inspect Universities D. Create a single world society 

Answer: D. Create a single world society 

Q. What organization was established in November 1946? 

A. UGC B. UNESCO C. Government of India D. Indian Universities 

Answer: B. UNESCO 

Q. Who makes five-year plans for the development of colleges under universities? 

A. Government of India B. UNESCO C. UGC D. Indian Universities 

Answer: C. UGC 

Q. Who advises the Government for opening new universities in India? 

A. UNESCO B. UGC C. Government of India D. Indian Universities 

Answer: B. UGC 

Q. Who enquires about the financial requirements of universities in India? 

A. Indian Universities B. UNESCO C. Government of India D. UGC 

Answer: D. UGC 

Q. Who allocates grants to deemed universities in India? 

A. Government of India B. UNESCO C. Indian Universities D. UGC 

Answer: D. UGC 

Q. Who maintains the standards of teaching, examination, and results of universities in India? 

A. UNESCO B. UGC C. Government of India D. Indian Universities 

Answer: B. UGC 

Q. Who is responsible for promoting and coordinating university education in India? 

A. Government of India B. UGC C. UNESCO D. Indian Universities 

Answer: B. UGC 

Q. What are the three fundamental functions of UNESCO in the field of education? 

A. Universal education, Adult literacy, Child education B. Universal literacy, Adult education, Life long continuing education C. Universal health, Adult education, Life long continuing education D. Universal literacy, Adult literacy, Life long continuing education 

Answer: B. Universal literacy, Adult education, Life long continuing education 

Q. Which organization is responsible for establishing Regional Research and Training Centres for schools and teachers globally? 

A. UNICEF B. WHO C. UNESCO D. IMF 

Answer: C. UNESCO 

Q. What resources does UNESCO allocate financial grants to schools for? 

A. Infrastructure, playground, libraries B. Textbooks, T.V. projectors, computers, other essential equipment C. Sport equipment, musical instruments D. Buildings, laboratories, canteen 

Answer: B. Textbooks, T.V. projectors, computers, other essential equipment 

Q. Which agency promotes scientific work of International Scientific Institutions? 

A. WHO B. IMF C. UNICEF D. UNESCO 

Answer: D. UNESCO 

Q. Who tries to improve the quality of the press, films, and radio services, globally? 

A. CNN B. BBC C. UNESCO D. UN 

Answer: C. UNESCO 

Q. Which organization encourages programs for exchange of teachers, students, artists, writers? 

A. UNICEF B. WHO C. IMF D. UNESCO 

Answer: D. UNESCO 

Q. Who establishes international institutions for educational planning in Paris? 

A. IMF B. WHO C. UNICEF D. UNESCO 

Answer: D. UNESCO 

Q. Who provides educational material and allocates grants to voluntary bodies globally? 

A. UNICEF B. WHO C. UNESCO D. IMF 

Answer: C. UNESCO 

Q. Who assists in arranging a multimedia approach to education? 

A. WHO B. UNICEF C. UNESCO D. IMF 

Answer: C. UNESCO

149. What does UNESCO encourage to foster a scientific attitude among young generation? 

A. Artistic exploration B. Literary mastery C. Sports prowess D. Scientific enquiries 

Answer: D. Scientific enquiries