{"id":13334,"date":"2023-06-13T21:16:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-13T15:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinefreenotes.com\/?p=13334"},"modified":"2025-12-12T12:06:56","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T12:06:56","slug":"secularism-nbse-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/secularism-nbse-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Secularism: NBSE Class 11 (Arts) Political Science Chapter 8 notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Here, you will find summaries, questions, answers, textbook solutions, pdf, extras etc. of (Nagaland Board) <a href=\"http:\/\/nbsenl.edu.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NBSE <\/a>Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8: Secularism. These solutions, however, should be only treated as references and can be modified\/changed.<\/p>\n\n\n  <style>\r\n    .notice {\r\n      background: yellow;       \/* simple yellow background *\/\r\n      text-align: center;       \/* centre alignment *\/\r\n      padding: 12px 16px;\r\n      margin: 20px auto;\r\n      width: fit-content;       \/* shrink to text and centre via auto margins *\/\r\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n    }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n  <div class=\"notice\">\r\n    If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<nav id=\"toc\" class=\"toc-box\"><\/nav>\r\n<style>\r\n.toc-box{\r\n  border:1px solid #e5e7eb;\r\n  border-radius:8px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n  margin:20px 0;\r\n  font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\r\n}\r\n.toc-header{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:600;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #eef2f7;\r\n  background:#f8fafc\r\n}\r\n.toc-content{\r\n  padding:12px 18px\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Base list *\/\r\n.toc-content ul{\r\n  margin:0 25px;\r\n  padding-left:0;\r\n  list-style:none\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Level-based bullets *\/\r\n.toc-content li{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  margin:6px 0;\r\n  margin-left:6px;\r\n  line-height:1.5;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H2 bullet \u25cf *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-2{\r\n  list-style:disc;\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H3 bullet \u25cb *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-3{\r\n  margin-left:26px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* H4+ bullet \u2013 *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-4{\r\n  margin-left:46px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n.toc-content li.level-5,\r\n.toc-content li.level-6{\r\n  margin-left:66px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-content a{\r\n  text-decoration:none;\r\n  color:#000\r\n}\r\n.toc-content a:hover{\r\n  text-decoration:underline\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml{scroll-behavior:smooth}\r\nh1[id],h2[id],h3[id],h4[id],h5[id],h6[id]{\r\n  scroll-margin-top:110px\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n\r\n  const toc = document.getElementById('toc');\r\n  if (!toc) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* MAIN CONTENT ONLY *\/\r\n  const content = document.querySelector('#pdf-content');\r\n\r\n  \/* EXCLUDE AREAS *\/\r\n  const excludeSelectors = `\r\n    .author, .byline, .entry-meta, .post-meta,\r\n    #comments, .comments-area, .comment-respond,\r\n    .comment-form, .comment-list,\r\n    .login, .login-required,\r\n    .sidebar, aside, footer, nav,\r\n    .widget, .widgets\r\n  `;\r\n\r\n  \/* TEXT TO IGNORE *\/\r\n  const ignoreText = [\r\n    'leave a comment',\r\n    'cancel reply',\r\n    'login required',\r\n    'get notes',\r\n    'ron\\'e dutta',\r\n    'comments'\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  \r\nconst headings = [...content.querySelectorAll('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6')]\r\n  .filter(h => !excludeSelectors || !h.closest(excludeSelectors))\r\n  .filter(h => {\r\n    const txt = h.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\r\n    return txt.length > 0 && !ignoreText.some(t => txt.includes(t));\r\n  });\r\n\r\n\/\/alert(content);\r\n  if (!headings.length) {\r\n    toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* UNIQUE IDs *\/\r\n  const used = {};\r\n  const slug = t => t.toLowerCase().trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^a-z0-9\\s-]\/g, '')\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    if (!h.id) {\r\n      let base = slug(h.textContent) || 'section';\r\n      used[base] = (used[base] || 0) + 1;\r\n      h.id = used[base] > 1 ? base + '-' + used[base] : base;\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* BUILD TOC *\/\r\n  const ul = document.createElement('ul');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    const level = parseInt(h.tagName.substring(1));\r\n    if (level < 2) return; \/\/ skip H1 like your reference site\r\n\r\n    const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n    li.className = 'level-' + level;\r\n\r\n    const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = '#' + h.id;\r\n    a.textContent = h.textContent.trim();\r\n\r\n    li.appendChild(a);\r\n    ul.appendChild(li);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  toc.innerHTML = `\r\n    <div class=\"toc-header\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"toc-content\"><\/div>\r\n  `;\r\n  toc.querySelector('.toc-content').appendChild(ul);\r\n\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Introduction\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Secularism, a concept coined by George Jacob Holyoake in the 19th century, is a cornerstone of modern society. It is derived from the Latin word &#8216;Saeculum&#8217;, meaning &#8220;the world&#8221;, suggesting a separation of worldly affairs from religion. The core values of secularism are justice and equality, and it is an essential feature of a civilised society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a secular state, religion is not the basis for governance, and it is not run by the chiefs of any particular religion. It is a state that is detached from religious dogmas, yet respects all religions. A secular state is not anti-religion, but it grants freedom of conscience to all persons. It is neither religious nor irreligious, but wholly detached from religious dogmas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The need for secularism in modern times is evident. In a secular society, no religious community is permitted to dominate others, ensuring equal respect for all faiths. It prevents the domination of one group of people over others within the same religious community, promoting equality and justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the secular fabric of society is under threat in many parts of the world due to religious fundamentalism. This has led to mass killings and discrimination against certain religious communities. To combat this, education must aim at developing critical thinking in students, enabling them to rise above religious bigotry. The mass media can play a significant role in promoting secularism, and a close watch should be kept over communally sensitive areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Textual_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Textual questions and answers<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"A_Long_answer_questions\"><strong>A. Long answer questions<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What is Secularism? Mention the key features of a Secular State.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>Secularism is defined by its core values of justice and equality. The term &#8216;Secularism&#8217; was coined by George Jacob Holyoake in the middle of the 19th century, derived from the Latin word &#8216;Saeculum&#8217;, meaning &#8220;the world&#8221;. It suggests a separation of worldly affairs from religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The key features of a &#8216;Secular State&#8217; are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is not a Theocracy: A Secular State is not constructed on the basis of religious principles. It is not run by the Chiefs of any particular religion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Separation of Religion from Politics: A truly secular state must be separated not merely from one but from all religions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Secular State is not anti-religion but grants Freedom of Conscience to All Persons: A secular state accords religious liberty to members of every religious community. In fact, &#8220;it is neither religious nor irreligious nor anti-religious, but is wholly detached from religious dogmas.&#8221; It respects all religions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. How Indian Secularism is different from Western Secularism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>Makers of the Indian Constitution did not try to imitate the Western secularists. They were in favour of bringing about the necessary reforms in Hindu society. Their understanding of Secularism was different from Western view of Secularism in these respects:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No Wall of Separation between State and Religion: Our Constitution does not speak of complete separation between the &#8216;State&#8217; and &#8216;Religion&#8217;. The State in India is permitted &#8220;to regulate economic, financial, political or other activities, even though they are associated with religious practices.&#8221; Freedom of religion does not prevent the State from making any law for social reform or &#8220;the throwing open of Hindu religious institutions to all sections of Hindus.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rights of Religious and Linguistic Minorities: The Constitution protects the rights of religious minorities to enable them to live with dignity. Minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. State may grant financial aid to educational institutions established by the religious communities. In granting such an aid the State shall not discriminate against any institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Why do we need a Secular State in modern times?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>We need a secular state in modern times for several key reasons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In a secular state, no religious community is permitted to impose its beliefs or practices over others. This reduces the chances of religious discrimination, fundamentalism, and associated violence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Secularism promotes equality among all citizens, regardless of their gender, caste, or other social variables within the same religious community. This helps ensure equal rights to life, freedom, opportunity, and education for all.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A secular state also respects and safeguards the rights of those who choose not to follow any religion, including atheists and agnostics, ensuring they have a rightful place in society.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In a secular state, religion is considered a personal matter and is separated from public affairs and politics. This minimizes the potential for religious conflicts to spill over into the public sphere, thus contributing to social harmony and peaceful coexistence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"B_Short_answer_questions\"><strong>B. Short answer questions<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Mention any three measures to curb religious fundamentalism and promote Secularism in India.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>To curb religious fundamentalism and promote secularism in India, the following measures can be taken:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Education must aim at developing in the students a critical faculty. It should enable the students to rise above religious bigotry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The mass media, Radio, Television and Social Media can play a significant role in combating communalism and promoting secularism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Close watch should be kept over communally sensitive areas. The fight against communalism is ideological as well as administrative. Separatist forces cannot be contained without effective State intervention. Law-enforcing agencies found negligent in their duties should be strictly dealt with.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. What did Mahatma Gandhi say about religious toleration?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>Mahatma Gandhi said, &#8220;No school of thought can claim a monopoly of right judgement. We are all liable to err and are often obliged to revise our judgements. In a vast country like this, there must be room for all schools of honest thought&#8230; I do not expect India of my dream to develop one religion, i.e., to be wholly Hindu, or wholly Christian, or wholly Musalman, but I want it to be wholly tolerant, with its religions working side by side with one another.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"C_Multiple_Choice_Questions:_Tick_\u2714_the_correct_answer\"><strong>C. Multiple Choice Questions: Tick (\u2714) the correct answer.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. The word &#8216;Secularism&#8217; was coined by:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>(b) George Jacob Holyoake<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Secularism is a system of political organisation where:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>(c) All people are equally entitled to profess and preach their religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. Secularism and liberal culture are in crisis because:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>(d) Religious fundamentalism has been a growing political force in many parts of Asia and north Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Additional\/extra_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Additional\/extra questions and answers<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Who coined the term &#8216;Secularism&#8217; and what is its origin?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The term &#8216;Secularism&#8217; was coined by George Jacob Holyoake in the middle of the 19th century. It is derived from the Latin word &#8216;Saeculum&#8217;, meaning &#8220;the world&#8221;.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What are the core values of Secularism?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The core values of Secularism are justice and equality. It suggests a separation of worldly affairs from religion, emphasising the idea that religious liberty is an important feature of a civilised society and that religion should be kept in the private domain of life, away from the public sphere or politics.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. What does a Secular State imply and what are some of its most important features?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A Secular State implies a state that is not constructed on the basis of religious principles and is not run by the chiefs of any particular religion. The most important features of a Secular State include:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is not a Theocracy: The state is not run by religious leaders and is not based on religious principles. Examples of theocracies are ancient Israel, the Papal States of Europe, Taliban led Afghanistan and Iran under Ayatollah Khomeni.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Separation of Religion from Politics: The state must be separate not merely from one but from all religions. For instance, France and the United States are considered secular states.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Freedom of Conscience for All Persons: A secular state grants religious liberty to members of every religious community. It is neither religious nor irreligious nor anti-religious, but is wholly detached from religious dogmas and respects all religions.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Why is England not technically regarded as a secular state?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> England is not technically regarded as a secular state because it has an officially established Church, the Church of England. Some of the bishops are members of the British House of Lords, and the Queen is the Head of the Church of England. Thus, there is not a clear separation of religion from politics in England.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Can you elaborate on instances of religious intolerance and communal violence in India during recent years?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In recent years, India has seen a rise in religious intolerance and communal violence. The caste wars in Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh have claimed numerous lives, as have communal conflicts in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. Additionally, there have been reports of separatist elements active in the Kashmir Valley, purportedly inspired by Pakistan. One of the most distressing consequences of this unrest has been the displacement of thousands of Kashmiri Pandits, who were forced to leave the Valley due to violence, plundering, and arson targeting their communities. These instances underscore the importance of maintaining secularism and religious tolerance within the nation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain with examples, how India has managed to retain its Secular State identity despite communal issues?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Despite the communal issues and instances of religious intolerance, India has managed to retain its identity as a Secular State, largely due to the secular vision of its national leaders and the principles embedded in its constitution.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s national liberation movement did not call for the end of British rule because the rulers were Christians, but for self-governance and independence. The secular vision of our leaders demonstrated that religion was not the factor driving the desire for independence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the partition, a moment defined by communal frenzy, India established itself as a Secular State, adopting a constitution that respects and safeguards the rights of every religious community. The Indian Constitution, in essence, ensures that the state has no official religion and that all citizens are equal before the law, regardless of their religious affiliation. This separation of religion from politics has been a defining characteristic of India&#8217;s Secular State.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even with instances of religious intolerance, such as caste wars in Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh, communal violence in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, and separatist activities in the Kashmir Valley, India&#8217;s secular structure has remained resilient, demonstrating the country&#8217;s commitment to upholding the principles of justice, equality, and religious freedom.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the essence of a secular state in the Western context?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In the Western context, a secular state is not controlled by the clergy nor does it have an official or established church. The state does not intervene in religious organisations&#8217; activities, nor does the church dictate what the state should or should not do. Western secular states, such as France and the USA, do not extend aid or benefits to religious institutions. All individuals, regardless of their religious beliefs, are entitled to the same rights.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the key features of a secular state according to the Constitution of India?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Constitution guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practise and propagate religion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No religious instructions shall be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained by State funds.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Every religious sect has the right to own and acquire movable and immovable property.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No taxes shall be levied, the proceeds of which are meant for the maintenance of any particular religion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does Indian secularism differ from Western secularism as per the understanding of the makers of the Indian Constitution?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The Indian Constitution does not advocate for a complete separation of the &#8216;State&#8217; and &#8216;Religion&#8217;. The state in India is allowed to regulate activities associated with religious practices. Furthermore, the Constitution protects the rights of religious minorities and permits state funding to educational institutions established by religious communities. This approach, favouring necessary reforms in Hindu society, sets Indian secularism apart from its Western counterpart.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does the US Constitution say about religion and the state&#8217;s involvement?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The US Constitution states that &#8220;Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof&#8221;. This means that the state will not intervene in the activities of religious organisations nor will the church dictate what the state can do or should not do.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does the secular state of England differ from that of France and the United States?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Even though England has an Established Church, it is considered a secular state in many aspects. It differs from France and the USA, which have no official or established churches. England is a &#8216;tolerant state&#8217; that promotes religious liberty, extending beyond the usual Western concept of secularism.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How is freedom of religion safeguarded by the Indian Constitution, and how does this relate to social reform?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The Indian Constitution safeguards freedom of religion by allowing individuals the right to freely profess, practise and propagate religion. However, this freedom does not prevent the State from enacting laws for social reform or opening Hindu religious institutions to all sections of Hindus. Therefore, even though religion and state are not entirely separate in India, religious practices cannot hinder social progress or inclusion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does the Constitution of India protect the rights of religious and linguistic minorities?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The Constitution of India protects the rights of religious and linguistic minorities by allowing them to live with dignity and establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. The state may also grant financial aid to such institutions, ensuring that in granting such aid, the State shall not discriminate against any institution on the grounds of it being managed by a minority, whether based on religion or language.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why is secularism needed in modern times?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In modern times, secularism is necessary to prevent the domination of one religious community over others. Many parts of the world witness discrimination between followers of different religions, leading to societal crises such as religious fundamentalism. Examples can be seen in countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, the Middle East, Israel, and Sri Lanka. Secularism helps maintain a peaceful society where all religions coexist without any being able to dominate the others.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does secularism prevent domination within the same religious community?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Secularism also helps prevent domination of one group over others within the same religious community by ensuring all members of a religious community have equal rights to life, freedom, opportunity, and education. For instance, women and socially deprived sections of society often face discrimination even within their own religious communities. A secular state intervenes to ensure these rights are upheld and respected, like the Bombay High Court ruling in 2016 protecting women&#8217;s right to enter places of worship.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does secularism relate to atheism and agnosticism?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Atheists and agnostics, who either do not believe in God or believe that the existence of God cannot be definitively proven, also have a rightful place in a secular society. Atheism and agnosticism can coexist with other religious beliefs in a secular state, as all these viewpoints are seen as personal matters that shouldn&#8217;t affect one&#8217;s societal position or rights.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How should religion relate to one&#8217;s private life in a secular society?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In a secular society, religion is usually seen as a matter of personal belief and is expected to relate to one&#8217;s private domain of life. No matter the religion &#8211; be it Hinduism, Islam, or Christianity, it should be kept a private affair. A secular state ensures that religion does not encroach into the public sphere or politics, allowing for a more fair and balanced society.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What role does education play in promoting secularism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Education aims at developing in the students a critical faculty which can enable them to rise above religious bigotry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How can mass media contribute in combating communalism and promoting secularism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The mass media, including Radio, Television, and Social Media, can play a significant role in combating communalism and promoting secularism by sharing balanced, accurate information and narratives that highlight unity, diversity and the shared values of all communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What should be the approach towards communally sensitive areas?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In communally sensitive areas, a close watch should be kept. The fight against communalism is not just administrative, but also ideological. State intervention is crucial to contain separatist forces, and any law-enforcing agencies found negligent in their duties should be dealt with strictly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does balanced growth of various communities and regions impact national integration?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The balanced growth of the various communities and regions aids in achieving national integration because it ensures that no particular group feels marginalized or left behind. When all communities are growing and progressing equitably, it fosters a sense of unity and shared identity that can reduce sectarian tensions and promote harmony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which notable personalities should be looked up to for spreading the message of secularism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>The message of secularism can be spread by highlighting the teachings of such great humanists as Swami Vivekananda, Shri Aurobindo, Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Zakir Hussain, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and others. These figures were well-known for their inclusive philosophies and their belief in the inherent dignity and worth of all individuals, regardless of their religious or communal affiliations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>23. How can different members of society contribute in preserving and protecting the secular fabric of our polity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Government alone cannot combat communalism. It requires a collective effort from various sectors of society. The writers, artists, and leaders can play a key role by creating works and policies that promote unity and understanding. Moreover, every individual should strive to cultivate and promote interfaith harmony in their own sphere of influence. This can be done through interfaith dialogues, cultural exchange, and through everyday interactions that respect and celebrate diversity. Since hatred arises in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that interfaith harmony needs to be created. This collective responsibility creates a society-wide atmosphere that is conducive to secularism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Additional\/extra_MCQs\"><strong>Additional\/extra MCQs<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Who coined the term &#8216;Secularism&#8217;?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. George Jacob Holyoake B. Salman Rushdie C. Ayatollah Khomeni D. Queen Elizabeth II&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A. George Jacob Holyoake<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What is the Latin word from which &#8216;Secularism&#8217; is derived?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Religio B. Saeculum C. Mundus D. Tempus&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Saeculum<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Which two countries are mentioned as examples of a secular state?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. England and Iran B. Afghanistan and Israel C. United States and France D. India and Pakistan&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. United States and France<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. What is a state called that is run by religious leaders?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Democracy B. Monarchy C. Theocracy D. Oligarchy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Theocracy<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Who issued a fatwa against Salman Rushdie?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. George Jacob Holyoake B. Taliban C. Ayatollah Khomeni D. Queen Elizabeth II&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Ayatollah Khomeni<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which Indian state witnessed caste wars leading to loss of lives?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Maharashtra B. Gujarat C. Bihar D. Kerala&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Bihar<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Who is the Head of the Church of England?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Ayatollah Khomeni B. George Jacob Holyoake C. Salman Rushdie D. The Queen&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D. The Queen<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the core values of Secularism?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Love and Peace B. Justice and Equality C. Truth and Non-violence D. Freedom and Democracy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Justice and Equality<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which group was subjected to plundering and arson in the Kashmir Valley?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Kashmiri Pandits B. Kashmiri Muslims C. Kashmiri Sikhs D. Kashmiri Christians&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A. Kashmiri Pandits<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Where did communal violence claim many lives?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Bihar and Tamil Nadu B. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat C. Kerala and Karnataka D. Punjab and Haryana&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does a secular state in the Western context not have?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Established Church B. Clerics C. Monarchy D. Parliament&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A. Established Church<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which country has been a secular state since the French Revolution?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Spain B. Germany C. France D. Italy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. France<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does the US Constitution prohibit Congress from making laws about?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Religion B. Politics C. Commerce D. Education&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A. Religion<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which Western secular state promotes religious liberty despite having an Established Church?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. United States B. Germany C. England D. France&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. England<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is one right guaranteed by the Indian Constitution in the context of a secular state?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Right to education B. Right to equality C. Right to own property D. Right to free speech&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Right to own property<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What cannot be provided in educational institutions wholly maintained by State funds according to the Indian Constitution?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Vocational training B. Sports education C. Religious instructions D. Language classes&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Religious instructions<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. For the maintenance of what can no taxes be levied according to the Indian Constitution?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Infrastructure B. Education C. Public services D. Any particular religion&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D. Any particular religion<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does the Indian Constitution not advocate for between the &#8216;State&#8217; and &#8216;Religion&#8217;?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Cooperation B. Complete separation C. Syncretism D. Mediation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Complete separation<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the minorities in India given the right to establish according to the Indian Constitution?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Businesses B. Government bodies C. Educational institutions D. Religious institutions&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Educational institutions<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What can the State in India regulate according to the Constitution, even if they are associated with religious practices?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Economic activities B. Festivals C. Religious ceremonies D. Educational curriculums&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A. Economic activities<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which country experienced growing religious fundamentalism since its inception in 1947?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. India B. Bangladesh C. Iran D. Pakistan&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D. Pakistan<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Who was murdered in 1975 leading to the end of peace and communal harmony in Bangladesh?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Sheikh Hasina B. Sheikh Mujibur Rehman C. Benazir Bhutto D. Ziaur Rahman&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Sheikh Mujibur Rehman<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which religious group faced mass killings by ISIS Jihadis in Syria and Iraq?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Jews B. Buddhists C. Christians D. Hindus&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Christians<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Where was Jewish fundamentalism witnessed?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Iran B. Israel C. Syria D. Iraq&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Israel<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which country experienced Buddhist fundamentalism?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. India B. Bangladesh C. Sri Lanka D. Nepal&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C. Sri Lanka<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. In which country did the Supreme Court&#8217;s judgement in the Shah Bano case occur?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Bangladesh B. Iran C. Pakistan D. India&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D. India<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Who is socially considered as the most deprived section in Hindu society?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Women B. Dalits C. Brahmins D. Kshatriyas&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. Dalits<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. On which date did the Bombay High Court rule it as the fundamental right of women to enter places of worship?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 1 April 2015 B. 1 April 2016 C. 1 April 2017 D. 1 April 2018&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. 1 April 2016<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does atheism represent?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Belief in God B. No belief in God C. Belief in multiple gods D. Uncertainty about the existence of God&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B. No belief in God<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does agnosticism represent?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Belief in God B. No belief in God C. Belief in multiple gods D. Uncertainty about the existence of God&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D. Uncertainty about the existence of God<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What must education aim at developing in students?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Religious understanding B. Physical strength C. Critical faculty D. Memory skills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C. Critical faculty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What type of fight is the combat against communalism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Physical B. Emotional C. Ideological and Administrative D. Tactical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C. Ideological and Administrative<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. In relation to communalism, what measures should be taken against law-enforcing agencies found negligent in their duties?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. They should be re-trained B. They should be strictly dealt with C. They should be given a warning D. They should be dismissed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B. They should be strictly dealt with<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What aids in achieving national integration?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Homogenous growth B. Balanced growth C. Rapid growth D. Steady growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B. Balanced growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Who amongst the following personalities should be looked up to for spreading the message of secularism?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Ratan Tata B. Shri Aurobindo C. Mother Teresa D. Rabindranath Tagore<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B. Shri Aurobindo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Where does interfaith harmony need to be created?<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong>A. In religious institutions B. In governmental policies C. In schools D. In the minds of men<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> D. In the minds of men<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Who should come forward to preserve and protect the secular fabric of our polity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Government officials B. The writers, artists, leaders and all of us C. Religious leaders D. Educational institutions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B. The writers, artists, leaders and all of us<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>40. Where does hatred arise?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. In society B. In the minds of men C. In religious disagreements D. In communally sensitive areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>B. In the minds of men<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here, you will find summaries, questions, answers, textbook solutions, pdf, extras etc. of (Nagaland Board) NBSE Class 11 Political Science Chapter 8: Secularism. These solutions, however, should be only treated as references and can be modified\/changed. Introduction Secularism, a concept coined by George Jacob Holyoake in the 19th century, is a cornerstone of modern society.&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/secularism-nbse-11\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Secularism: NBSE Class 11 (Arts) Political Science Chapter 8 notes<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1044,"featured_media":13336,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,34],"tags":[255,113,46,30,48,12,13,33,35,256,36,629,37,53],"class_list":["post-13334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nagaland","category-notes","tag-arts","tag-chapter-8","tag-class-11","tag-extras","tag-hsslc","tag-nagaland-board","tag-nbse","tag-notes","tag-pdf","tag-political-science","tag-questions","tag-secularism","tag-solutions","tag-textual-answers","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13334","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13334"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33149,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13334\/revisions\/33149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}