{"id":16242,"date":"2024-06-07T10:38:21","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T05:08:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinefreenotes.com\/?p=16242"},"modified":"2025-12-12T09:17:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T09:17:19","slug":"indigo-mbose-class-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/indigo-mbose-class-12\/","title":{"rendered":"Indigo: MBOSE Class 12 English Core notes, answers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF of Class 12 English Core textbook (Resonance), Indigo by Louis Fischer, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbose.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MBOSE&nbsp;<\/a>(Meghalaya Board). These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified\/changed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n  <style>\r\n    .notice {\r\n      background: yellow;       \/* simple yellow background *\/\r\n      text-align: center;       \/* centre alignment *\/\r\n      padding: 12px 16px;\r\n      margin: 20px auto;\r\n      width: fit-content;       \/* shrink to text and centre via auto margins *\/\r\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n    }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n  <div class=\"notice\">\r\n    If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<nav id=\"toc\" class=\"toc-box\"><\/nav>\r\n<style>\r\n.toc-box{\r\n  border:1px solid #e5e7eb;\r\n  border-radius:8px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n  margin:20px 0;\r\n  font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\r\n}\r\n.toc-header{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:600;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #eef2f7;\r\n  background:#f8fafc\r\n}\r\n.toc-content{\r\n  padding:12px 18px\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Base list *\/\r\n.toc-content ul{\r\n  margin:0 25px;\r\n  padding-left:0;\r\n  list-style:none\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Level-based bullets *\/\r\n.toc-content li{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  margin:6px 0;\r\n  margin-left:6px;\r\n  line-height:1.5;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H2 bullet \u25cf *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-2{\r\n  list-style:disc;\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H3 bullet \u25cb *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-3{\r\n  margin-left:26px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* H4+ bullet \u2013 *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-4{\r\n  margin-left:46px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n.toc-content li.level-5,\r\n.toc-content li.level-6{\r\n  margin-left:66px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-content a{\r\n  text-decoration:none;\r\n  color:#000\r\n}\r\n.toc-content a:hover{\r\n  text-decoration:underline\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml{scroll-behavior:smooth}\r\nh1[id],h2[id],h3[id],h4[id],h5[id],h6[id]{\r\n  scroll-margin-top:110px\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n\r\n  const toc = document.getElementById('toc');\r\n  if (!toc) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* MAIN CONTENT ONLY *\/\r\n  const content = document.querySelector('#pdf-content');\r\n\r\n  \/* EXCLUDE AREAS *\/\r\n  const excludeSelectors = `\r\n    .author, .byline, .entry-meta, .post-meta,\r\n    #comments, .comments-area, .comment-respond,\r\n    .comment-form, .comment-list,\r\n    .login, .login-required,\r\n    .sidebar, aside, footer, nav,\r\n    .widget, .widgets\r\n  `;\r\n\r\n  \/* TEXT TO IGNORE *\/\r\n  const ignoreText = [\r\n    'leave a comment',\r\n    'cancel reply',\r\n    'login required',\r\n    'get notes',\r\n    'ron\\'e dutta',\r\n    'comments'\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  \r\nconst headings = [...content.querySelectorAll('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6')]\r\n  .filter(h => !excludeSelectors || !h.closest(excludeSelectors))\r\n  .filter(h => {\r\n    const txt = h.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\r\n    return txt.length > 0 && !ignoreText.some(t => txt.includes(t));\r\n  });\r\n\r\n\/\/alert(content);\r\n  if (!headings.length) {\r\n    toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* UNIQUE IDs *\/\r\n  const used = {};\r\n  const slug = t => t.toLowerCase().trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^a-z0-9\\s-]\/g, '')\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    if (!h.id) {\r\n      let base = slug(h.textContent) || 'section';\r\n      used[base] = (used[base] || 0) + 1;\r\n      h.id = used[base] > 1 ? base + '-' + used[base] : base;\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* BUILD TOC *\/\r\n  const ul = document.createElement('ul');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    const level = parseInt(h.tagName.substring(1));\r\n    if (level < 2) return; \/\/ skip H1 like your reference site\r\n\r\n    const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n    li.className = 'level-' + level;\r\n\r\n    const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = '#' + h.id;\r\n    a.textContent = h.textContent.trim();\r\n\r\n    li.appendChild(a);\r\n    ul.appendChild(li);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  toc.innerHTML = `\r\n    <div class=\"toc-header\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"toc-content\"><\/div>\r\n  `;\r\n  toc.querySelector('.toc-content').appendChild(ul);\r\n\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Summary\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1942, Louis Fischer visited Mahatma Gandhi at his ashram in Sevagram. Gandhi recounted the story of how he decided to urge the British to leave India, which began in 1917. During the Indian National Congress annual convention in December 1916, a poor peasant named Rajkumar Shukla approached Gandhi. Shukla, from Champaran in Bihar, requested Gandhi&#8217;s help to address the injustice faced by sharecroppers in his district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Champaran peasants were forced to grow indigo on a portion of their land and surrender the entire crop to British landlords as rent. With synthetic indigo being developed in Germany, landlords demanded compensation to release peasants from this arrangement. Many peasants, unaware of the details, signed agreements but later sought their money back, leading to conflicts and legal battles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gandhi, impressed by Shukla&#8217;s persistence, agreed to visit Champaran. They first went to Patna and stayed at the house of Rajendra Prasad, who later became India&#8217;s President. Gandhi then proceeded to Muzaffarpur to gather more information. He was welcomed by Professor J.B. Kripalani and stayed with Professor Malkani, which was a bold move at a time when supporting home-rule advocates was risky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Upon arriving in Champaran, Gandhi began his investigation. He faced resistance from British officials but remained undeterred. His presence sparked a spontaneous demonstration by thousands of peasants, symbolizing their newfound courage. Gandhi was summoned to court for defying orders to leave Champaran. He pleaded guilty, explaining his duty to serve the peasants, and was released without bail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gandhi&#8217;s trial was postponed, and he used the time to organize and educate the peasants. Prominent lawyers from Bihar joined him, prepared to follow his lead even to jail. This collective resolve marked the beginning of the peasants&#8217; liberation from fear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gandhi and his team conducted a thorough investigation, documenting grievances from around ten thousand peasants. The evidence led to an official inquiry, where Gandhi represented the peasants. The landlords eventually agreed to refund a portion of the money, breaking their prestige and empowering the peasants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gandhi didn&#8217;t stop at addressing economic issues. He initiated social and cultural reforms, opening schools and improving sanitation with the help of volunteers, including his family. Health conditions were dire, and Gandhi arranged for basic medical aid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Champaran episode marked a turning point in Gandhi&#8217;s life and the Indian independence movement. It demonstrated civil disobedience&#8217;s effectiveness and instilled a sense of self-reliance among the peasants. Gandhi&#8217;s approach intertwined politics with practical solutions for the masses, emphasizing loyalty to human beings over abstract concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Charles Freer Andrews, an English pacifist and Gandhi&#8217;s follower, offered to stay in Champaran to help. However, Gandhi refused, insisting that the Indians must rely on themselves rather than seeking support from an Englishman. This stance reinforced the message of self-reliance and independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Champaran movement showcased Gandhi&#8217;s ability to blend political activism with social reform, laying the foundation for future civil disobedience campaigns in India. It highlighted the power of collective action and self-reliance in challenging unjust systems and advancing towards freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Textual_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Textual questions and answers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Fill_in_the_blanks\"><strong>Fill in the blanks<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Champaran was a district situated in __________ and Gandhi&#8217;s ashram was situated in__________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Champaran was a district situated in <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bihar<\/span><\/strong> and Gandhi&#8217;s ashram was situated in <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ahmedabad<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Rajendra Prasad later became __________ and then __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Rajendra Prasad later became <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">President of the Congress party<\/span><\/strong> and then <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">President of India<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Two evil social customs that prevailed in those days were __________ and __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Two evil social customs that prevailed in those days were <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">untouchability<\/span><\/strong> and <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">the oppressive landlord system<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Muzzafarpur lawyers called on Gandhi to __________ and to __________. Gandhi chided them because __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Muzzafarpur lawyers called on Gandhi to <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">brief him<\/span><\/strong> and to <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">inform him about their cases<\/span><\/strong>. Gandhi chided them because <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">they collected big fees from the sharecroppers<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Most arable land in Champaran was divided into __________ owned by __________ and worked by __________. The chief commercial crop was __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Most arable land in Champaran was divided into <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">large estates<\/span><\/strong> owned by <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Englishmen<\/span><\/strong> and worked by <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Indian tenants<\/span><\/strong>. The chief commercial crop was indigo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. &#8216;The battle of Champaran is won.&#8217; Gandhi said these words when __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: &#8216;The battle of Champaran is won.&#8217; Gandhi said these words when <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">the lawyers decided to follow him into jail<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. The three medicines available in Champaran were __________ and __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The three medicines available in Champaran were <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">castor oil, quinine,<\/span><\/strong> and <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sulphur ointment<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. Gandhi kept a watch on the ashram even while in Champaran. He __________, and asked for __________ also wrote to the residents to __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi kept a watch on the ashram even while in Champaran. He <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">sent regular instructions by mail<\/span><\/strong>, and asked for <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">financial accounts; he<\/span><\/strong> also wrote to <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">the residents to fill in the old latrine trenches and dig new ones<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. In everything Gandhi did he tried to mould a __________ who could __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: In everything Gandhi did he tried to mould a <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">new free Indian<\/span><\/strong> who could <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">stand on his own feet<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. Gandhi opposed the idea of Andrews staying on in Champaran because __________. Thus, he taught them a lesson in __________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi opposed the idea of Andrews staying on in Champaran because <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">it showed the weakness of their heart<\/span><\/strong>. Thus, he taught them a lesson in <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">self-reliance<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Answer_these_questions_briefly\"><strong>Answer these questions briefly<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Who was Rajkumar Shukla? Why did he request Gandhi to visit Champaran?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Rajkumar Shukla was an illiterate but resolute sharecropper from Champaran. He had come to the Congress session to complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar. He requested Gandhi to visit Champaran to help the peasants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. State one incident from the story to prove that untouchability was rampant in India at that time.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: When Gandhi arrived in Patna with Shukla, he was not permitted to draw water from the well. The servants were afraid that some drops from his bucket might pollute the entire source because they did not know if he was an untouchable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Professor Malkani welcomed Gandhi into his home in Muzaffarpur. Why was this action of his extraordinary in those days?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: In those days, Indians were afraid to show sympathy for advocates of home-rule. Therefore, it was extraordinary for a government professor like Malkani to harbour a man like Gandhi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. What was Gandhi&#8217;s view on law courts in India those days?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi felt that taking cases to the courts did little good because the peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken. He believed that the real relief for them was to be free from fear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. What did Gandhi say to the Judge in Motihari? How did Gandhi explain his actions in Champaran that led to his trial?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi pleaded guilty to the charge of disobeying the order to leave Champaran. He explained that he was involved in a conflict of duties. He felt obligated to render humanitarian and national service, which required him to stay in Champaran. He disobeyed the order, not out of disrespect for lawful authority, but in obedience to a higher law &#8211; the voice of his conscience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Describe the scene that changed the mindset of the peasants of Champaran from fear of the British to a new sense of liberation and power.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: When Gandhi was summoned to court, thousands of peasants spontaneously gathered around the courthouse to show their support for him. This demonstration, in their thousands, showed that the British might, previously dreaded and unquestioned, could be challenged by Indians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. How did Gandhi&#8217;s actions on behalf of the peasants influence the lawyers? Why did they react as they did?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The lawyers were initially hesitant to follow Gandhi to jail. They felt ashamed that they, who claimed to have served the peasants, would abandon them if Gandhi was imprisoned. Gandhi&#8217;s willingness to sacrifice himself for the peasants inspired the lawyers to follow him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. How was the deadlock finally broken?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The deadlock was broken when Gandhi agreed to accept a 25% refund for the peasants instead of demanding full repayment. He understood that the amount of the refund was less important than the fact that the landlords had been forced to surrender part of their money and prestige.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. What steps did Gandhi take to improve the cultural and social conditions of the Champaran villagers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi appealed for teachers and started primary schools in six villages. He also arranged for a doctor to provide medical care and encouraged personal cleanliness and community sanitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. What does the author mean by the &#8216;typical Gandhi pattern&#8217;?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The author refers to Gandhi&#8217;s approach to politics being deeply intertwined with the practical, day-to-day problems of the millions. He was not interested in abstract ideas, but in helping living, human beings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Answer_these_questions_in_detail\"><strong>Answer these questions in detail<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Gandhi&#8217;s deep understanding of human nature helped him break the deadlock created after the official inquiry. Give instances from the text to support this.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi&#8217;s deep understanding of human nature helped him break the deadlock created after the official inquiry. Instances from the text that support this include his insistence on a modest refund from the planters. When the planters offered to refund 25 per cent of the money, Gandhi accepted it immediately. This unexpected move broke the deadlock and led to a unanimous settlement by the commission. Gandhi understood that the landlords surrendering part of their money and prestige was more important than the actual amount refunded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What did Gandhi do to change the social and cultural backwardness of Champaran?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: To change the social and cultural backwardness of Champaran, Gandhi appealed for teachers and opened primary schools in six villages. He also focused on improving health conditions by getting a doctor to volunteer his services for six months and providing simple medicines like castor oil, quinine, and sulphur ointment. Additionally, Gandhi and his wife Kasturbai addressed personal cleanliness and community sanitation, and Kasturbai talked to women about improving their clothing conditions. Gandhi also wrote to the ashram residents asking them to fill in the old latrine trenches and dig new ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. &#8216;Champaran&#8217; was the first victory for civil disobedience in India. Discuss.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: &#8216;Champaran&#8217; was the first victory for civil disobedience in India because it marked the first time in modern India that civil disobedience had triumphed. Gandhi&#8217;s refusal to obey the official notice to quit Champaran and the subsequent support from the peasants demonstrated the effectiveness of non-violent resistance. The spontaneous demonstration of thousands of peasants around the courthouse in Motihari was a turning point, showcasing their liberation from fear of the British. This victory set a precedent for future civil disobedience movements in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. What are your views on self-reliance? Would you consider the incidents at Champaran an awakening of the collective Indian consciousness?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Self-reliance is crucial for personal and national development as it fosters independence and confidence. The incidents at Champaran can be considered an awakening of the collective Indian consciousness because they demonstrated the power of unity and self-reliance. The peasants, inspired by Gandhi&#8217;s leadership, overcame their fear of the British and stood up for their rights. This shift in mindset was a significant step towards Indian independence and self-reliance, showing that the people could challenge and change oppressive systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. State the one quality of Rajkumar that was instrumental in changing the course of the history of Champaran, and so of India. Elaborate with examples from the text.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The one quality of Rajkumar that was instrumental in changing the course of the history of Champaran, and so of India, was his resoluteness. Despite being poor and illiterate, Rajkumar Shukla&#8217;s determination led him to persistently follow Gandhi until he agreed to visit Champaran. Shukla&#8217;s tenacity is evident when he sat on his haunches for weeks outside Gandhi&#8217;s ashram and later waited for him in Calcutta. His unwavering resolve to bring Gandhi to Champaran eventually led to the successful movement against the oppressive landlord system, marking a significant milestone in India&#8217;s struggle for independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Beyond_the_text\"><strong>Beyond the text<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Has the economic status of the Indian farmer changed much since Independence? Does his economic status depend on the region or the caste he belongs to? Work in pairs and have a panel discussion in class on this topic.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Since Independence, the economic status of the Indian farmer has seen both improvements and challenges. There have been advancements in technology, irrigation, and agricultural practices, leading to increased productivity in some regions. However, many farmers still face issues such as inadequate access to credit, poor infrastructure, and fluctuating market prices. The economic status of farmers often depends on the region due to varying levels of development and state policies. Additionally, caste can play a significant role, with marginalized communities sometimes facing additional barriers to economic advancement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Enact the scene at the court in Motihari on the day Gandhi was summoned there.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The scene at the court in Motihari can be vividly depicted by recreating the tense and momentous atmosphere when Gandhi was summoned. Gandhi arrived at the court to a large gathering of peasants who had come to support him. The crowd&#8217;s spontaneous demonstration was a significant show of solidarity and the beginning of their liberation from fear. Inside the courtroom, Gandhi&#8217;s calm and respectful demeanor contrasted with the government&#8217;s attempts to intimidate him. He pleaded guilty but explained that his actions were driven by a higher moral law, emphasizing his commitment to humanitarian and national service. This powerful display of civil disobedience and the peasants&#8217; support marked a turning point in their struggle against British oppression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Appreciating_form_and_language\"><strong>Appreciating form and language<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Louis Fischer has written a factual account about the plight of the sharecroppers of Champaran. Precise and accurate information is presented in a down-to-earth style of writing. Direct speech is used to emphasise the authenticity of the narration. Using the same direct style of the author, write a paragraph on Mahatma Gandhi, civil disobedience or indigo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: <\/strong>In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi arrived in Champaran, a district plagued by the exploitative indigo farming system imposed by British landlords. The tenants were forced to grow indigo on a significant portion of their land and surrender the entire crop as rent. When synthetic indigo from Germany made natural indigo less profitable, landlords demanded compensation for releasing farmers from these contracts. Gandhi, appalled by the injustice, rallied the peasants and urged them to fight without fear. His investigation and civil disobedience led to a landmark victory; the British were compelled to form a commission that ultimately sided with the sharecroppers. This success not only alleviated the peasants&#8217; plight but also ignited a spirit of self-reliance and resistance among the Indian populace, marking a significant milestone in India&#8217;s struggle for independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Writing\"><strong>Writing<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Imagine you are a landlord in Champaran in pre-Independence India. Write a notice to the sharecroppers informing them of their release from the contract of growing indigo on 15 per cent of their tenant holdings.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Notice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This notice is to inform all Sharecroppers of Champaran, that effective immediately, you are hereby released from the contractual obligation of growing indigo on 15 per cent of your tenant holdings. You are no longer required to cultivate indigo as part of your rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We acknowledge the difficulties you have faced under this arrangement and hope this change brings some relief to you and your families. Should you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sincerely,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jonathan<br>Landlord<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Illustrate through an incident in the story any one quality of Gandhi that you as a student would like to emulate.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> One quality of Mahatma Gandhi that stands out is his unwavering commitment to truth and justice, exemplified during his time in Champaran. When Gandhi was ordered to leave Champaran by the British authorities, he refused to comply, choosing instead to face trial. He said, \u201cI disobeyed the order to leave not out of disrespect for the law but out of a higher duty to serve the suffering peasants.\u201d This act of civil disobedience demonstrated his bravery and dedication to the cause of the oppressed. As a student, I would like to emulate Gandhi\u2019s courage to stand up for what is right, regardless of the consequences, and his steadfast adherence to non-violence in the pursuit of justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_fill_in_the_blanks\"><strong>Extra fill in the blanks<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. When Gandhi first visited ______ in 1942, he recounted how he decided to urge the departure of the British. (Ahmedabad\/Sevagram)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Sevagram<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Rajkumar Shukla was a ______ but resolute peasant who sought Gandhi&#8217;s help. (literate\/illiterate)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> illiterate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Gandhi agreed to meet Shukla and take him from ______. (Calcutta\/Patna)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Calcutta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Shukla took Gandhi to the house of lawyer ______ in Patna. (Rajendra Prasad\/Motihari)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Rajendra Prasad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Gandhi was initially not permitted to draw water from the well because the servants feared he might be an ______. (untouchable\/outsider)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> untouchable<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Gandhi decided to go first to ______ to obtain more complete information about conditions in Champaran. (Muzzafarpur\/Motihari)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Muzzafarpur<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Gandhi chided the Muzzafarpur lawyers for collecting big fees from the ______. (landlords\/sharecroppers)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> sharecroppers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. The chief commercial crop in Champaran was ______. (wheat\/indigo)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> indigo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. The landlords compelled all tenants to plant 15 per cent of their holdings with indigo and surrender the entire harvest as ______. (payment\/rent)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> rent<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. Gandhi began his investigation by visiting the secretary of the British landlord&#8217;s ______. (association\/commission)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> association<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11. The news of Gandhi&#8217;s mission spread quickly through ______ and to Champaran. (Muzzafarpur\/Ahmedabad)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Muzzafarpur<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12. Gandhi received a summons to appear in court the day after he was served with an official notice to leave ______ immediately. (Champaran\/Motihari)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Champaran<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13. Thousands of peasants demonstrated around the courthouse in ______. (Patna\/Motihari)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Motihari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14. The prosecutor requested the judge to postpone the ______. (trial\/meeting)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> trial<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15. The magistrate announced he would pronounce sentence after a two-hour ______. (break\/recess)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> recess<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>16. Gandhi was allowed to remain at liberty while awaiting the judgment from the ______. (court\/magistrate)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> magistrate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>17. Gandhi received a written communication informing him that the ______ had ordered the case to be dropped. (Lieutenant-Governor\/commissioner)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Lieutenant-Governor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18. Depositions by about ten thousand ______ were written down during the inquiry. (landlords\/peasants)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> peasants<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>19. Gandhi had four protracted interviews with the ______-Governor before an official commission was appointed. (District\/Lieutenant)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Lieutenant<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>20. The commission consisted of landlords, government officials, and ______ as the sole representative of the peasants. (Gandhi\/Prasad)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Gandhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>21. Gandhi asked only for ______ per cent of the money to be refunded to the peasants. (25\/50)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> 50<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>22. Gandhi appealed for ______ to help improve social conditions in Champaran. (lawyers\/teachers)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> teachers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>23. Gandhi&#8217;s wife Kasturbai taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community ______. (service\/sanitation)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> sanitation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>24. Gandhi kept a long-distance watch on the ashram and sent regular ______ by mail. (instructions\/reports)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> instructions<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>25. The Champaran episode was a turning-point in Gandhi&#8217;s ______. (life\/career)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> life<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_true_or_false\"><strong>Extra true or false<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Gandhi first visited Rajkumar Shukla in 1942.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Rajkumar Shukla was an illiterate but resolute peasant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Gandhi agreed to visit Champaran immediately after Shukla&#8217;s request.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Rajendra Prasad later became the President of the Congress party and of India.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Gandhi was initially mistaken for an untouchable by the servants at Rajendra Prasad&#8217;s house.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. The chief commercial crop in Champaran was indigo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Gandhi advised the sharecroppers to keep taking their cases to law courts.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. The landlords were compelled to release the tenants from the indigo planting arrangement due to synthetic indigo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. Gandhi was ordered to leave Champaran by the British official commissioner.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. Gandhi ignored the official order to leave Champaran and stayed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11. The peasants in Champaran were fearless when Gandhi arrived.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12. Gandhi&#8217;s arrival in Champaran led to immediate and complete resolution of the peasants&#8217; issues.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13. Gandhi refused to furnish bail and was released without it.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14. The official inquiry into the grievances of the farmers consisted solely of government officials.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15. Gandhi demanded a full refund of the money extorted from the sharecroppers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>16. The landlords agreed to a 25% refund to the sharecroppers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>17. Gandhi&#8217;s presence in Champaran led to the establishment of primary schools in six villages.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18. Only Gandhi&#8217;s youngest son Devadas joined him in Champaran to help with the work.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>19. Gandhi believed in intertwining political action with practical solutions to daily problems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>20. Charles Freer Andrews supported Gandhi&#8217;s decision to rely on themselves without his help.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>21. Gandhi&#8217;s actions in Champaran demonstrated the effectiveness of self-reliance.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>22. Gandhi&#8217;s lawyer friends immediately agreed with his stance on self-reliance.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>23. The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhi&#8217;s life.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>24. Gandhi felt that taking peasants&#8217; cases to the courts would free them from fear.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>25. The British planters eventually abandoned their estates in Champaran.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>26. Gandhi&#8217;s political actions were focused solely on large-scale national issues.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> False<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>27. The establishment of schools in Champaran was an immediate priority for Gandhi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> True<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_question_and_answer\"><strong>Extra question and answer<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Who did Gandhi meet at the December 1916 annual convention of the Indian National Congress party?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi met Rajkumar Shukla at the December 1916 annual convention of the Indian National Congress party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What was Rajkumar Shukla\u2019s profession?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Rajkumar Shukla was a sharecropper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Where is Champaran located?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Champaran is located in the foothills of the Himalayas, near the kingdom of Nepal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why did the landlords hire thugs?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The landlords hired thugs to intimidate peasants who resisted signing agreements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What did Gandhi request from the British official commissioner of the Tirhut division?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi requested information about the conditions of the Champaran peasants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What did Gandhi use as headquarters in Motihari?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi used a house as his headquarters in Motihari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How did Gandhi respond to the official notice to quit Champaran?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi signed the receipt for the notice and wrote on it that he would disobey the order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What did Gandhi do the night before his court appearance?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi remained awake all night, telegraphed Rajendra Prasad, sent instructions to the ashram, and wired a full report to the Viceroy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How did the peasants react to Gandhi\u2019s trouble with the authorities?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The peasants spontaneously demonstrated in thousands around the courthouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What was the outcome of the official inquiry into the indigo sharecroppers\u2019 situation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The official inquiry led to the landlords agreeing to make refunds to the peasants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why did Gandhi first decide to go to Muzzafarpur before Champaran?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi decided to go to Muzzafarpur first to obtain more complete information about the conditions than Rajkumar Shukla could provide. He sent a telegram to Professor J.B. Kripalani to arrange his stay and gather information from local lawyers who frequently represented peasant groups in court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How did Gandhi\u2019s arrival in Champaran influence the local lawyers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi\u2019s arrival influenced local lawyers by highlighting the high fees they charged peasants. He advised them that law courts were useless where peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken, emphasizing that real relief for the peasants was to be free from fear. This led lawyers to rethink their approach to helping the peasants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Describe the incident with the British official commissioner in Tirhut.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: When Gandhi called on the British official commissioner of the Tirhut division, the commissioner attempted to bully him and advised him to leave Tirhut immediately. Gandhi did not comply and instead continued his mission by proceeding to Motihari, where he was greeted by a large crowd and continued his investigations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What was the reaction of the peasants when Gandhi appeared in court in Motihari?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: When Gandhi appeared in court in Motihari, the town was crowded with peasants who demonstrated their support. Their spontaneous gathering around the courthouse signaled the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British and showed the power of collective action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How did Gandhi manage the crowd outside the courthouse in Motihari?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi helped the officials regulate the crowd outside the courthouse in Motihari by being polite and friendly. His cooperation and nonviolent demeanor provided concrete proof that the might of the authorities could be challenged by Indians, thereby empowering the peasants and baffling the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What lesson did Gandhi teach his lawyer friends regarding self-reliance?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi taught his lawyer friends a lesson in self-reliance by opposing the idea of relying on Charles Freer Andrews, an Englishman, for support. He emphasized that their cause was just and they must rely on themselves to win the battle, showing that depending on Andrews indicated a weakness of heart.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Describe Gandhi\u2019s initial interactions with Rajkumar Shukla and the events that led Gandhi to visit Champaran.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi first met Rajkumar Shukla at the December 1916 annual convention of the Indian National Congress party in Lucknow, where Shukla requested Gandhi to visit Champaran to address the injustices faced by the sharecroppers. Gandhi initially had prior commitments and could not promise a visit. However, Shukla&#8217;s tenacity impressed Gandhi as he followed him everywhere, pleading for help. Eventually, Gandhi agreed to meet Shukla in Calcutta and from there, they traveled together to Patna and then to Champaran, marking the beginning of Gandhi&#8217;s involvement in the Champaran movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain the system of sharecropping in Champaran and the changes that occurred with the introduction of synthetic indigo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: In Champaran, under an ancient arrangement, peasants were sharecroppers who planted 15% of their land with indigo and surrendered the entire indigo harvest as rent to the landlords. When landlords learned that Germany had developed synthetic indigo, they coerced peasants into signing agreements to pay compensation for being released from the 15% arrangement. Many peasants signed willingly to get rid of the irksome arrangement, while those who resisted faced hired thugs. As information about synthetic indigo spread among the illiterate peasants, they demanded their money back. Gandhi&#8217;s arrival at this juncture led to an investigation and eventual resolution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Detail Gandhi\u2019s actions and strategies during his stay in Champaran to improve the social and cultural conditions of the villagers.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: During his stay in Champaran, Gandhi focused on improving the social and cultural conditions of the villagers. He opened primary schools in six villages, with the help of volunteers like Mahadev Desai, Narhari Parikh, their wives, and others. Gandhi also addressed health issues by bringing in a doctor who treated villagers with basic medicines like castor oil, quinine, and sulphur ointment. Additionally, Gandhi emphasized personal cleanliness and community sanitation, asking his wife Kasturbai to educate women on hygiene despite their poverty. These actions aimed at immediate and practical improvements in the villagers&#8217; lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How did Gandhi\u2019s approach to civil disobedience in Champaran set a precedent for future movements in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi\u2019s approach to civil disobedience in Champaran set a precedent for future movements in India by demonstrating the power of nonviolent resistance. His defiance of the order to leave Champaran, the spontaneous support of the peasants, and the subsequent legal battle highlighted the effectiveness of civil disobedience. The successful outcome, with the British authorities dropping the case and forming an official commission of inquiry, showed that organized, peaceful resistance could bring about change. This method became a cornerstone of Gandhi&#8217;s strategies in India&#8217;s struggle for independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What were the key outcomes of the official commission of inquiry into the indigo sharecroppers\u2019 situation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The official commission of inquiry into the indigo sharecroppers\u2019 situation, which included Gandhi as the sole representative of the peasants, led to significant outcomes. The commission gathered extensive evidence against the landlords, resulting in an agreement to make refunds to the peasants. Although Gandhi initially demanded a 50% refund, he accepted 25%, breaking the deadlock. This settlement not only provided financial relief but also symbolized the landlords&#8217; loss of prestige and the peasants&#8217; newfound rights and courage. Eventually, the British planters abandoned their estates, and indigo sharecropping disappeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>24. Discuss the significance of Gandhi\u2019s refusal to rely on Charles Freer Andrews in Champaran and the lesson it taught.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gandhi\u2019s refusal to rely on Charles Freer Andrews in Champaran was significant as it emphasized the importance of self-reliance. When his lawyer friends suggested that Andrews stay to help, Gandhi opposed it, stating that their cause was just and they should rely on themselves rather than on an Englishman. This stance demonstrated Gandhi&#8217;s belief in the strength and capability of Indians to fight their battles independently. Rajendra Prasad later reflected that this incident taught them a valuable lesson in self-reliance, highlighting the need for Indians to depend on their efforts to achieve justice and independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF of Class 12 English Core textbook (Resonance), Indigo by Louis Fischer, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under&nbsp;MBOSE&nbsp;(Meghalaya Board). These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified\/changed.&nbsp; Summary In 1942, Louis Fischer visited Mahatma Gandhi at his ashram in&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/indigo-mbose-class-12\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Indigo: MBOSE Class 12 English Core notes, answers<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1044,"featured_media":16251,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67,34],"tags":[28,64,22,30,835,68,33,36,277,37],"class_list":["post-16242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mbose","category-notes","tag-answers","tag-class-12","tag-english","tag-extras","tag-indigo-by-louis-fischer","tag-mbose","tag-notes","tag-questions","tag-resonance","tag-solutions","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16242"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32953,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16242\/revisions\/32953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}