{"id":1699,"date":"2019-03-02T03:33:58","date_gmt":"2019-03-02T03:33:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinefreenotes.com\/?p=1699"},"modified":"2026-01-05T08:24:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T08:24:13","slug":"resources-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/resources-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Resources: NBSE Class 10 Social Science chapter 5 notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Get here the notes\/solutions\/extras of <a href=\"https:\/\/nbsenl.edu.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NBSE<\/a> Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 Resources. However, the study materials should be used only for references and nothing more. The notes can be modified\/changed according to needs.<\/p>\n\n\n  <style>\r\n    .notice {\r\n      background: yellow;       \/* simple yellow background *\/\r\n      text-align: center;       \/* centre alignment *\/\r\n      padding: 12px 16px;\r\n      margin: 20px auto;\r\n      width: fit-content;       \/* shrink to text and centre via auto margins *\/\r\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n    }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n  <div class=\"notice\">\r\n    If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<nav id=\"toc\" class=\"toc-box\"><\/nav>\r\n<style>\r\n.toc-box{\r\n  border:1px solid #e5e7eb;\r\n  border-radius:8px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n  margin:20px 0;\r\n  font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\r\n}\r\n.toc-header{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:600;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #eef2f7;\r\n  background:#f8fafc\r\n}\r\n.toc-content{\r\n  padding:12px 18px\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Base list *\/\r\n.toc-content ul{\r\n  margin:0 25px;\r\n  padding-left:0;\r\n  list-style:none\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Level-based bullets *\/\r\n.toc-content li{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  margin:6px 0;\r\n  margin-left:6px;\r\n  line-height:1.5;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H2 bullet \u25cf *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-2{\r\n  list-style:disc;\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H3 bullet \u25cb *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-3{\r\n  margin-left:26px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* H4+ bullet \u2013 *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-4{\r\n  margin-left:46px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n.toc-content li.level-5,\r\n.toc-content li.level-6{\r\n  margin-left:66px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-content a{\r\n  text-decoration:none;\r\n  color:#000\r\n}\r\n.toc-content a:hover{\r\n  text-decoration:underline\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml{scroll-behavior:smooth}\r\nh1[id],h2[id],h3[id],h4[id],h5[id],h6[id]{\r\n  scroll-margin-top:110px\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n\r\n  const toc = document.getElementById('toc');\r\n  if (!toc) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* MAIN CONTENT ONLY *\/\r\n  const content = document.querySelector('#pdf-content');\r\n\r\n  \/* EXCLUDE AREAS *\/\r\n  const excludeSelectors = `\r\n    .author, .byline, .entry-meta, .post-meta,\r\n    #comments, .comments-area, .comment-respond,\r\n    .comment-form, .comment-list,\r\n    .login, .login-required,\r\n    .sidebar, aside, footer, nav,\r\n    .widget, .widgets\r\n  `;\r\n\r\n  \/* TEXT TO IGNORE *\/\r\n  const ignoreText = [\r\n    'leave a comment',\r\n    'cancel reply',\r\n    'login required',\r\n    'get notes',\r\n    'ron\\'e dutta',\r\n    'comments'\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  \r\nconst headings = [...content.querySelectorAll('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6')]\r\n  .filter(h => !excludeSelectors || !h.closest(excludeSelectors))\r\n  .filter(h => {\r\n    const txt = h.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\r\n    return txt.length > 0 && !ignoreText.some(t => txt.includes(t));\r\n  });\r\n\r\n\/\/alert(content);\r\n  if (!headings.length) {\r\n    toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* UNIQUE IDs *\/\r\n  const used = {};\r\n  const slug = t => t.toLowerCase().trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^a-z0-9\\s-]\/g, '')\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    if (!h.id) {\r\n      let base = slug(h.textContent) || 'section';\r\n      used[base] = (used[base] || 0) + 1;\r\n      h.id = used[base] > 1 ? base + '-' + used[base] : base;\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* BUILD TOC *\/\r\n  const ul = document.createElement('ul');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    const level = parseInt(h.tagName.substring(1));\r\n    if (level < 2) return; \/\/ skip H1 like your reference site\r\n\r\n    const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n    li.className = 'level-' + level;\r\n\r\n    const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = '#' + h.id;\r\n    a.textContent = h.textContent.trim();\r\n\r\n    li.appendChild(a);\r\n    ul.appendChild(li);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  toc.innerHTML = `\r\n    <div class=\"toc-header\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"toc-content\"><\/div>\r\n  `;\r\n  toc.querySelector('.toc-content').appendChild(ul);\r\n\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Summary\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Resources are all elements of the environment that are necessary or useful for survival on Earth. Resources are classified into renewable (like solar, wind, water, and forests) and non-renewable (like minerals, fossil fuels). The sustainable use of resources for the present without compromising future needs is called resource conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Land Resources:<\/strong> The uppermost layer of the Earth&#8217;s crust is soil, formed over millions of years from the weathering of rocks. The major soil types in India are alluvial, black, red, and yellow, laterite, arid, and forest soils. Land degradation due to deforestation, overgrazing, mining, etc. is a major issue. Measures like afforestation, controlled grazing, shelterbelts, and contour ploughing help conserve soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Water Resources:<\/strong> Water is essential for life, and its renewal through the hydrological cycle makes it a renewable resource. However, uneven distribution, excessive use, and pollution are causing water scarcity issues. Integrated water resource management through multipurpose river valley projects (like Damodar Valley, Bhakra Nangal) aimed at irrigation, hydropower, flood control, etc. There is opposition to large dams due to displacement of local communities and environmental impacts. Rainwater harvesting is an environmentally sustainable alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mineral Resources: <\/strong>Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition. They are classified as metallic (ferrous like iron, non-ferrous like copper) and non-metallic (like mica). India has fairly rich and varied mineral reserves, with concentrations of iron ore, coal, oil, natural gas, etc. in different regions. However, minerals are finite and non-renewable, so conservation through sustainable mining, recycling, and the use of substitutes is crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The uneven distribution of resources in India requires planning and judicious utilisation through resource mapping, developing technology, setting up institutions, and matching development plans. Historical inequalities in resource access and control have led to conflicts and resource depletion in many regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Resource conservation has become a global concern to prevent further degradation and ensure their continuation for future generations. This involves reducing overexploitation, recycling\/reuse, developing sustainable alternatives, and creating awareness. Only through responsible and balanced use can we meet our needs while preserving the planet&#8217;s self-renewal capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Textual_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Textual questions and answers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Multiple_Choice_Questions_MCQsnbsp;\"><strong>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Mr. Ayer wants to grow cashew nuts but is confused about which soil will be most suitable for cultivating this crop. Considering his needs, which soil type should Mr. Ayer opt for?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil (c) Arid soil (d) Red Laterite soil&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: d. Red Laterite soil&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Farmers in a region are looking to enhance their crop yields by practising effective crop rotation. Which of the following benefits is a key reason for implementing crop rotation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Increasing soil erosion (b) Minimizing pest and disease buildup (c) Reducing the need for irrigation (d) Promoting monoculture farming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: b. Minimising pest and disease buildup&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. What is land used for grazing cattle and livestock known as?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Fallow (b) Pasture (c) Barren (d) Sown&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: b. Pasture&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Water becomes a renewable and rechargeable resource due to which of the following reasons:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Water table (b) Hydrological cycle (c) Seas and oceans (d) Surface run off&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: b. Hydrological cycle&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. According to the late 19th-century usage of the term &#8216;conservation&#8217;, what was the primary focus of management in relation to natural resources?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Maximizing extraction of non-renewable resources. (b) Ensuring economic profitability of resource utilization. (c) Preserving the Earth&#8217;s capacity for self-renewal. (d) Prioritizing the preservation of wilderness areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: c. Preserving the Earth&#8217;s capacity for self-renewal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Read the following statements &#8211; Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Assertion (A): Unregulated deforestation can contribute significantly to land degradation.<br>Reason (R): Trees play a crucial role in stabilizing soil, preventing erosion, and maintaining ecological balance.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Both the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. (b) Both the Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is NOT a correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) The Assertion is true but the Reason is false. (d) The Assertion is false but the Reason is true&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: a. Both the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Very_Short_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Very Short Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What is a resource?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Everything on earth that is useful and necessary for man&#8217;s existence on this planet is referred to as a resource.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What is soil erosion?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The removal of topsoil by running water and wind is known as soil erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. What is a spillway or weir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: An important part of most dams is the weir, or spillway. It is through this or over which water flows continuously or intermittently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. What are multipurpose projects?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Dams are now referred to as multi-purpose projects as the uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Define the term \u2018mineral\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: A mineral is a naturally occurring solid having a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Short_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Short Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Why is land a very important resource?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Land is a very important resource. Land all over the world supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, economic activities, communication, and transport systems. Hence, land is of great significance for all nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What is a dam?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: A dam is a reservoir, lake, or impoundment created by a barrier built across the flowing water. This barrier obstructs, retards, or directs the flow of water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Define sheet erosion.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Sometimes, during heavy rainfall, the volume of run-off is very high. If the topsoil is not protected by sufficient plant cover, it is washed away by the force of surface run-off. This is known as sheet erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Differentiate between ferrous minerals and non-ferrous minerals.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Ferrous minerals are very important for the development of metallurgical industries as they contain iron. Ferrous minerals cover three fourths of the total production. India produces enough ferrous minerals to satisfy domestic demands and also enough for export.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Non-ferrous minerals that contain metals other than iron. These minerals, which include copper, bauxite, gold, zinc, and lead, have a very important role to play in the metallurgical, engineering, and electrical industries. The reserves of non-ferrous minerals in India are not very satisfactory.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Long_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Long Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Briefly explain the causes of soil erosion.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Soil erosion is caused by both physical and human factors. The physical factors include the slope of the land, the intensity of rainfall, and the velocity of the wind. The human factors that contribute to soil erosion are deforestation, overgrazing, overuse of chemical fertilisers, overirrigation, mining, and unscientific farming methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What is rainwater harvesting? State the benefits of rainwater harvesting.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Rainwater harvesting is a method of utilising rainwater for domestic and agricultural use. Rainwater harvesting is done for two reasons:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>i. Storing rainwater in containers above or below the ground.<br>ii. Water is charged into the aquifer for withdrawal later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rainwater harvesting increases water availability; checks the declining water table; is environmentally friendly; improves the quality of groundwater through the dilution of fluoride, nitrate, and salinity; prevents soil erosion and flooding, especially in urban areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. What is resource planning? Why is it important?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Resource planning is the technique of a balanced utilisation of resources. Resources are unevenly distributed and limited all over the world. Resource planning is required for proper use and utilisation of resources, as overuse and exploitation of resources have created many problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Do you think conservation of resources is necessary? Why\/Why not?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Yes, I do think that conservation of resources is necessary as resources are essential for sustenance as well as for development. But overexploitation and unplanned consumption of resources are leading to their depletion. This has socio-economic and environmental consequences.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These problems can be tackled by adopting resource conservation as a means to manage and save resources for a better future. Conservation of resources means using resources efficiently that are needed now without harming future prospects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. List the different types of soil in India. Discuss any one type of soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The different types of soil in India are: (a) alluvial soils; (b) black soils; (c) red and yellow soils; (d) laterite soils; (e) arid soil; and (f) forest soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alluvial soil: Alluvial soil forms the bulk of soils in India. They are found mainly in the river valleys of the Northern Plains and are very fertile. These soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime, which are best for the cultivation of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and other cereal and pulse crops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Water is available in abundance in India, even though scarcity of water is experienced in major parts of the country. Discuss why rainwater harvesting should be adopted.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Water availability in India presents a paradox of abundance alongside scarcity. Despite India receiving substantial annual rainfall, many regions experience water shortages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rainwater harvesting refers to the collection and storage of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the ground. Rainwater harvesting should be adopted because of the following reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Augmenting Water Supply: It can supplement the main water supply, reducing dependence on traditional sources such as rivers and groundwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mitigating Groundwater Depletion: By capturing rainwater and allowing it to percolate into the ground, it helps in recharging aquifers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enhancing Water Security: It provides a localised source of water, increasing the resilience of communities to periodic droughts and water scarcity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Why should we conserve our mineral resources? Suggest measures to conserve mineral resources.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Mineral resources can be said to be finite and non-renewable. Hence, we must remember that, though our country is rich in mineral deposits, these resources are short-lived. The extraction of these ores through the process of mining will soon become difficult and very expensive because these minerals have to be mined from greater depths every time. This increases the time and cost of mining, and once these resources are used up, they cannot be replaced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain measures to be adopted for the conservation of minerals are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>use of minerals in a planned and sustainable manner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>evolving of improved technology to use low grade ore at a low cost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>recycling of metals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>using substitutes and scrap metals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_MCQs\"><strong>Extra MCQs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Which of the following is NOT considered a resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Water B. Air C. Land D. Garbage&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Garbage&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What does the term &#8216;conservation&#8217; primarily refer to?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Preserving resources only for future generations B. Managing resources for efficient utilization C. Prohibiting the use of resources completely D. Maximizing extraction of non-renewable resources&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Managing resources for efficient utilization&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing soil formation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Topography B. Climate C. Vegetation D. Mining&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Mining&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. What is the process of planting foliage in forest undergrowth areas called?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Afforestation B. Reforestation C. Deforestation D. Overgrazing&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Afforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Which type of soil is formed due to weathering of crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Alluvial soil B. Black soil C. Red and yellow soil D. Laterite soil&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Red and yellow soil&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. What is the process of ploughing along contours to prevent erosion called?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Strip cropping B. Contour ploughing C. Terrace farming D. Afforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Contour ploughing&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Which of the following is NOT a cause of land degradation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Overgrazing B. Deforestation C. Waterlogging D. Afforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Afforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. What is the term used for the collection and storage of rainwater?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Watershed management B. Rainwater harvesting C. Groundwater recharge D. Water conservation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Rainwater harvesting&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Solar energy B. Wind energy C. Coal D. Tidal energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Coal&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. What is the uppermost layer of the Earth&#8217;s crust called?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Bedrock B. Mantle C. Soil D. Core&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Soil&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11. Which of the following is NOT a type of soil erosion?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Sheet erosion B. Gully erosion C. Wind erosion D. Terrace erosion&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Terrace erosion&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12. What is the process of planting different crops in a sequential manner on the same soil called?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Crop rotation B. Contour ploughing C. Strip cropping D. Terrace farming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Crop rotation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13. Which of the following is a ferrous mineral?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Copper B. Bauxite C. Iron ore D. Gold&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Iron ore&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14. What is the term used for the removal of topsoil by wind or water?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Soil erosion B. Land degradation C. Deforestation D. Overgrazing&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Soil erosion&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15. Which of the following is a key reason for adopting rainwater harvesting?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Increasing water availability B. Promoting soil erosion C. Depleting groundwater resources D. Encouraging deforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Increasing water availability&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>16. What is the process of constructing steps or terraces on hillsides to prevent soil erosion called?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Contour ploughing B. Strip cropping C. Terrace farming D. Afforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Terrace farming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>17. Which of the following is a non-metallic mineral?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Copper B. Iron C. Gold D. Mica&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Mica&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18. What is the term used for minerals that contain metals other than iron?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Ferrous minerals B. Non-ferrous minerals C. Metallic minerals D. Non-metallic minerals&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Non-ferrous minerals&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>19. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of rainwater harvesting?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Increasing water availability B. Preventing soil erosion C. Depleting groundwater resources D. Improving groundwater quality&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Depleting groundwater resources&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>20. What is the term used for the spillway or opening in a dam through which water flows?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Reservoir B. Weir C. Barrier D. Impoundment&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Weir&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>21. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the economic viability of a mineral?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Ease of extraction B. Closeness to the market C. Concentration of mineral in the ore D. Availability of skilled labor&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Availability of skilled labor&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>22. Which of the following is a reason for the opposition to large dams and multipurpose projects?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Preventing floods B. Generating electricity C. Displacing local communities D. Providing irrigation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Displacing local communities&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>23. What is the term used for the process of harnessing river water for various purposes?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Multipurpose river projects D. Groundwater recharge&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>24. Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the distribution of minerals?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Geological structure B. Formation processes C. Time taken for formation D. Climate&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Climate&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>25. What is the term used for the process of planting different types of crops alternately in the same field?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Crop rotation B. Strip cropping C. Contour ploughing D. Terrace farming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Strip cropping&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>26. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Tidal energy B. Geothermal energy C. Petroleum D. Wind energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Petroleum&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>27. What is the term used for the process of ploughing across contours or slopes to prevent soil erosion?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Strip cropping B. Contour ploughing C. Terrace farming D. Crop rotation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Contour ploughing&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>28. Which of the following is NOT a cause of water scarcity?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Overutilization of water resources B. Unequal access to water among social groups C. Abundance of precipitation D. Droughts&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Abundance of precipitation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>29. What is the term used for the process of managing water resources in an integrated manner?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Integrated water resources management D. Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Integrated water resources management&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>30. Which of the following is a renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Coal B. Natural gas C. Wind energy D. Petroleum&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Wind energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>31. Which of the following is NOT a way to classify resources?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. On the basis of origin B. On the basis of exhaustibility C. On the basis of ownership D. On the basis of market value&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> On the basis of market value&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>32. What is the term used for the process of planting trees in areas where they have been depleted?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Afforestation B. Reforestation&nbsp; C. Deforestation D. Overgrazing&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Reforestation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>33. Which of the following is a characteristic of laterite soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rich in fertility B. High humus content C. Intensively leached D. High clay content&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Intensively leached&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>34. What is the term used for the process of extracting minerals from the earth?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Mining B. Quarrying C. Drilling D. Excavation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Mining&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>35. Which of the following is a measure for soil conservation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Overgrazing B. Deforestation C. No-till farming D. Waterlogging&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> No-till farming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>36. Which of the following is a characteristic of arid soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. High fertility B. Rich in humus C. Saline in nature D. High clay content&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Saline in nature&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>37. What is the term used for the process of controlling the flow of water in rivers?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Multipurpose river projects D. Dams&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Dams&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>38. Which of the following is a factor that affects the formation of soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Climate B. Vegetation C. Topography D. All of the above&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> All of the above&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>39. What is the term used for the process of managing resources in a way that ensures their availability for future generations?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Resource conservation B. Resource depletion C. Resource exploitation D. Resource degradation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Resource conservation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>40. Which of the following is a renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Coal B. Natural gas C. Solar energy D. Petroleum&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Solar energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>41. Which of the following is a characteristic of alluvial soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Derived from lava B. Found in river valleys C. Intensively leached D. Saline in nature&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Found in river valleys&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>42. What is the term used for the process of collecting rainwater from rooftops and surfaces?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Groundwater recharge D. Watershed management&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Rainwater harvesting&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>43. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Tidal energy B. Hydropower C. Fossil fuels D. Geothermal energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Fossil fuels&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>44. Which of the following is a measure for soil conservation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Overgrazing B. Deforestation C. Construction of small dams D. Waterlogging&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Construction of small dams&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>45. What is the term used for the process of managing water resources in a sustainable manner?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Integrated water resources management D. Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Water conservation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>46. Which of the following is a characteristic of black soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Derived from lava B. High fertility C. Intensively leached D. Saline in nature&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: A.<\/strong> Derived from lava&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>47. What is the term used for the process of planting different types of crops in alternating strips?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Crop rotation B. Strip cropping C. Contour ploughing D. Terrace farming&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Strip cropping&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>48. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Biomass energy B. Hydropower C. Natural gas D. Wind energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Natural gas&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>49. What is the term used for the process of managing water resources for various purposes?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Integrated water resources management D. Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>50. Which of the following is a measure for soil conservation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Overgrazing B. Deforestation C. Crop rotation D. Waterlogging&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Crop rotation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>51. What is the term used for the process of managing water resources to prevent degradation of natural ecosystems?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Integrated water resources management D. Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Water conservation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>52. Which of the following is a characteristic of forest soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. High fertility B. Saline in nature C. Derived from lava D. Acidic with low humus content&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Acidic with low humus content&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>53. What is the term used for the process of managing water resources to ensure food security?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Integrated water resources management D. Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Water conservation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>54. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Hydropower B. Solar energy C. Uranium D. Biomass energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Uranium&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>55. What is the term used for the process of managing water resources to promote livelihood activities?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rainwater harvesting B. Water conservation C. Integrated water resources management D. Multipurpose river projects&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: B.<\/strong> Water conservation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>56. Which of the following is a characteristic of laterite soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. High fertility B. Derived from lava C. Red in color D. Saline in nature&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Red in color&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>57. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Biomass energy B. Geothermal energy C. Coal D. Wind energy&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: C.<\/strong> Coal&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>58. Which of the following is a characteristic of arid soil?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. High fertility B. High humus content&nbsp; C. Low water retention capacity D. Sandy in texture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer: D.<\/strong> Sandy in texture&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Extra questions and answers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What are resources?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> All elements of the environment necessary or useful for survival on earth are considered resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. How are resources classified based on their origin?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Resources are classified into two categories based on their origin &#8211; biotic (Human beings, plants, animals) and abiotic (Land, air, water).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Explain the classification of resources based on their exhaustibility.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> On the basis of exhaustibility, resources can be classified into:&nbsp;Renewable (Solar and wind energy) and non-renewable (Minerals and fossil fuels)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Renewable resources are those that can be reproduced. For example, continuous flow resources like wind and water are renewable. Non-renewable resources are those that take millions of years to form. For example, minerals and fossil fuels are non-renewable resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. What is land degradation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Land degradation is a decline to a lower condition, quality or level.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. What are the causes of land degradation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Land degradation is caused due to deforestation, shortage of land due to increased population, poor land use, insecure land tenure, inappropriate land management practices and poverty.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Explain the different types of soil erosion.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> There are two common ways of soil erosion:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sheet erosion: Sometimes during heavy rainfall, the volume of run-off is very high. If the topsoil is not protected by sufficient plant cover, it is washed away by the force of surface run-off. This is known as sheet erosion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gully erosion: When rain falls heavily over an uneven terrain, the run-off scoops out narrow and deep grooves. With time, these grooves or gullies grow in size and spread over a large area. This is known as gully erosion, leading to the formation of ravines or badlands. The Chambal Valley in Madhya Pradesh is a good example of gully erosion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. What is a dam?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A dam is a reservoir, lake or impoundment created by a barrier built across the flowing water.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. Why are dams referred to as multipurpose projects?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Dams are now referred to as multipurpose projects as the uses of the impounded water are in integration with one another. Dams are constructed to control floods, check soil erosion, provide water for irrigation and drinking purposes, generate electricity, provide recreation, provide inland navigation and several other facilities such as preservation of wildlife and development of fisheries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. What are the three stages of resource planning?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Resource planning has three stages:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identification and preparation of inventory of resources. This involves surveying, mapping, estimating and measurement of quantity, characteristics and properties of the resources.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Developing a planning structure empowered with appropriate technology, skill and setting up institutions for implementing the aims of resource planning.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Matching the resource development plans keeping in mind the overall national development plans.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. What is rainwater harvesting?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Rainwater harvesting is done for two reasons: 1) Storing rainwater in containers above or below the ground. 2) Water is charged into aquifer for withdrawal later.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11. What are the benefits of rainwater harvesting?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Rainwater harvesting increases water availability, checks the declining water table, is environment friendly, improves the quality of groundwater through the dilution of fluoride, nitrate and salinity, and prevents soil erosion and flooding especially in urban areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12. What is a mineral? Explain the classification of minerals.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A mineral is a naturally occurring solid having a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. Minerals are distributed all over the earth&#8217;s crust and are excavated for a variety of uses, including construction, manufacture of various products and as a fuel source.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For commercial purposes, minerals can be classified as:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Metallic&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ferrous [containing iron, e.g., iron ore, nickel, manganese]&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Non-ferrous [e.g., copper, lead, tin, bauxite]&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Precious [e.g., gold, silver]&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"7\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Non-metallic [e.g., mica, salt, marble, potash, sulphur, granite, limestone]&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Energy minerals [e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas]&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13. What is conservation of resources?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Conservation of resources means using resources efficiently that are needed now without harming future prospects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14. Why is the conservation of mineral resources necessary?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Mineral resources can be said to be finite and non-renewable. Hence, we must remember that though our country is rich in mineral deposits, these resources are short-lived. Extraction of these ores through the process of mining will soon become difficult and very expensive because these minerals have to be mined from greater depths every time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15. Explain the measures that can be adopted for the conservation of minerals.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Certain measures to be adopted for conservation of minerals are:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use of minerals in a planned and sustainable manner.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evolving improved technology to use low-grade ore at low cost.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recycling of metals.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using substitutes and scrap metals.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea of conservation is not new but has increased greatly over the last century. Conservation today has become a global concern, and even organizations and citizens throughout the world have become involved in conservation efforts. They are working to increase awareness of the importance of the conservation of natural resources, focusing on areas such as reduce, recycle, and reuse.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>16. What is the need for resource planning?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Resources are unevenly distributed and limited all over the world. Resource planning is required for proper use and utilisation of resources, as overuse and exploitation of resources have created many problems. Resource planning is the technique of a balanced utilisation of resources.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>17. Discuss the classification of resources based on ownership.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> On the basis of ownership, resources can be classified as:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Individual (own plots, wells)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Community (public parks, picnic spots)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National (railways, roads, canals)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International (The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the coastline of the country belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18. What is a weir or spillway?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> An important part of most dams is the weir or spillway. It is through this or over which water flows continuously or intermittently.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>19. What are the uses of multipurpose river projects in India?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Some of the major uses of multipurpose river projects in India include flood control, irrigation, generation and distribution of electricity, hydel power production, conservation of water, soil conservation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>20. Why has there been opposition to large dams and multipurpose projects?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In recent years, environmental groups the world over have raised many objections about the utility of these projects. Multipurpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition. Many such projects have been the cause of new social movements. These social movements have opposed large dams due to the fact that local communities have been displaced and rooted out of their original settlement areas. They no longer have access and control over the natural resources endowed to them. In addition, they often have to give up their land and livelihood in the interest of a larger population.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>21. What are alluvial soils?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Alluvial soils form the bulk of soils of India. They are found mainly in the river valleys of the Northern Plains and are very fertile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>22. What are black soils? Why are they ideal for cotton cultivation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Black soils are sedentary soils derived from lava in the Deccan Trap composed of basalt rocks. They are also known as &#8216;regur&#8217; (from Telegu) or black cotton soils. Such a soil is ideal for growing cotton and hence the name.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>23. Explain the different types of soil found in India along with their characteristics.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The main types of soil found in India are:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alluvial soils: Very fertile, found in river valleys of Northern Plains.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Black soils: Derived from Deccan lava, ideal for cotton cultivation.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Red and Yellow soils: Developed due to weathering in areas of low rainfall.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laterite soils: Lack fertility, found in areas of high temperature and heavy rainfall.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arid soils: Sandy, saline, found in dry climates, need irrigation for cultivation.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forest soils: Found in hilly\/mountainous areas, texture varies based on location.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>24. Define soil conservation.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Conservation of soil is important, as soil is a renewable natural resource which supports life on earth.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>25. Why is afforestation considered a method of soil conservation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Afforestation, or planting trees and protecting the areas under trees, is a good method of conserving the soil. This works to encourage healthy soil and water absorption. Afforestation will reduce soil erosion as roots of trees and plants hold the soil.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>26. Explain the concept of rainwater harvesting and its benefits in urban areas.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Rainwater harvesting, as a method of utilising rainwater for domestic and agricultural use, is already extensively used throughout the world. It has become a widely accepted technique of providing potable water in development projects all over the world. It has wide application also in urban and semi-urban areas where the reliability and quality of piped water is increasingly being questioned. Rainwater harvesting increases water availability, checks the declining water table, is environment friendly, improves the quality of groundwater through the dilution of fluoride, nitrate and salinity, and prevents soil erosion and flooding especially in urban areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>27. What are renewable resources?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Renewable resources are those that can be reproduced.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>28. How do human activities contribute to land degradation?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Human activities have brought about degradation of land. Human beings have degraded this natural endowment with their activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, abandoned mining sites, waterlogging due to over-irrigation, mineral processing, and effluents from industries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>29. Describe the distribution of minerals in India.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The vast geographical extent of India with varied geological structures have contributed to the presence of rich and different varieties of mineral resources in India. The western flank of the peninsula has petroleum deposits. The Rajasthan area is devoid of economically viable minerals. Assam and Gujarat also have petroleum deposits. The peninsular rocks have reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and other non-metallic minerals. The eastern flank of the peninsula also has petroleum deposits.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>30. What are ferrous minerals?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Ferrous minerals are minerals that contain iron.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>31. Why are multipurpose river valley projects called the &#8220;Temples of Modern India&#8221;?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Jawaharlal Nehru proudly called these multipurpose river valley projects &#8220;The Temples of Modern India&#8221;, as these projects were a unique blend and integration of development of agriculture and village economy with industrialisation and development of the urban economy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>32. Explain the relationship between development and availability of resources, technology, human resources and historical experiences.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Development of any region depends on availability of resources and appropriate technological skill and an institutional set-up. If either is missing, development is not possible. Many regions in India are rich in resources but economically backward. Development in India, especially resource development, is a function of availability of resources, technology, quality of human resources, and historical experiences of the people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>33. Define laterite soil.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Laterite soil is red in colour and composed of little clay and much gravel of red sandstones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>34. What are the characteristics of arid soils?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Arid soils are generally sandy in texture and their colour ranges from red to brown. They are saline in nature and in some areas the salt content is very high. This kind of soil occurs in dry climate areas with high temperature, hence evaporation is faster and the soil becomes very dry.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>35. What is land use pattern? What factors determine it?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Land use pattern in India refers to the use of land for various purposes such as agriculture, grazing, forests, human settlements, etc. Both physical and human factors determine the land use pattern of any area. Physical factors include topography, climate, soil types and human factors include population density, technological capability and cultural traditions, to name a few. The land use data gives an account of the geographic area utilized for different purposes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Get here the notes\/solutions\/extras of NBSE Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 Resources. However, the study materials should be used only for references and nothing more. The notes can be modified\/changed according to needs. Summary Resources are all elements of the environment that are necessary or useful for survival on Earth. Resources are classified into&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/resources-notes\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Resources: NBSE Class 10 Social Science chapter 5 notes<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1044,"featured_media":5712,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,34],"tags":[28,29,30,41,42,13,33,36,190,23,37],"class_list":["post-1699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nagaland","category-notes","tag-answers","tag-class-10","tag-extras","tag-hslc","tag-nagaland","tag-nbse","tag-notes","tag-questions","tag-resources","tag-social-science","tag-solutions","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1699","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1699"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1699\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33239,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1699\/revisions\/33239"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1699"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1699"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1699"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}