{"id":18405,"date":"2024-08-24T14:23:32","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T08:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinefreenotes.com\/?p=18405"},"modified":"2025-12-12T09:02:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T09:02:51","slug":"role-of-human-nbse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/role-of-human-nbse\/","title":{"rendered":"Role of Human in Environmental Actions: NBSE Class 11 Env"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Get notes, summary, questions and answers, MCQs, extras, and PDFs of Chapter 2 \u201cRole of Human in Environmental Actions\u201d which is part of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/nbsenl.edu.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NBSE <\/a>Class 11 Environment Education. However, the notes should only be treated as references and changes should be made according to the needs of the students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n  <style>\r\n    .notice {\r\n      background: yellow;       \/* simple yellow background *\/\r\n      text-align: center;       \/* centre alignment *\/\r\n      padding: 12px 16px;\r\n      margin: 20px auto;\r\n      width: fit-content;       \/* shrink to text and centre via auto margins *\/\r\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n    }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n  <div class=\"notice\">\r\n    If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<nav id=\"toc\" class=\"toc-box\"><\/nav>\r\n<style>\r\n.toc-box{\r\n  border:1px solid #e5e7eb;\r\n  border-radius:8px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n  margin:20px 0;\r\n  font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\r\n}\r\n.toc-header{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:600;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #eef2f7;\r\n  background:#f8fafc\r\n}\r\n.toc-content{\r\n  padding:12px 18px\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Base list *\/\r\n.toc-content ul{\r\n  margin:0 25px;\r\n  padding-left:0;\r\n  list-style:none\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Level-based bullets *\/\r\n.toc-content li{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  margin:6px 0;\r\n  margin-left:6px;\r\n  line-height:1.5;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H2 bullet \u25cf *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-2{\r\n  list-style:disc;\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H3 bullet \u25cb *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-3{\r\n  margin-left:26px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* H4+ bullet \u2013 *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-4{\r\n  margin-left:46px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n.toc-content li.level-5,\r\n.toc-content li.level-6{\r\n  margin-left:66px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-content a{\r\n  text-decoration:none;\r\n  color:#000\r\n}\r\n.toc-content a:hover{\r\n  text-decoration:underline\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml{scroll-behavior:smooth}\r\nh1[id],h2[id],h3[id],h4[id],h5[id],h6[id]{\r\n  scroll-margin-top:110px\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n\r\n  const toc = document.getElementById('toc');\r\n  if (!toc) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* MAIN CONTENT ONLY *\/\r\n  const content = document.querySelector('#pdf-content');\r\n\r\n  \/* EXCLUDE AREAS *\/\r\n  const excludeSelectors = `\r\n    .author, .byline, .entry-meta, .post-meta,\r\n    #comments, .comments-area, .comment-respond,\r\n    .comment-form, .comment-list,\r\n    .login, .login-required,\r\n    .sidebar, aside, footer, nav,\r\n    .widget, .widgets\r\n  `;\r\n\r\n  \/* TEXT TO IGNORE *\/\r\n  const ignoreText = [\r\n    'leave a comment',\r\n    'cancel reply',\r\n    'login required',\r\n    'get notes',\r\n    'ron\\'e dutta',\r\n    'comments'\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  \r\nconst headings = [...content.querySelectorAll('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6')]\r\n  .filter(h => !excludeSelectors || !h.closest(excludeSelectors))\r\n  .filter(h => {\r\n    const txt = h.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\r\n    return txt.length > 0 && !ignoreText.some(t => txt.includes(t));\r\n  });\r\n\r\n\/\/alert(content);\r\n  if (!headings.length) {\r\n    toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* UNIQUE IDs *\/\r\n  const used = {};\r\n  const slug = t => t.toLowerCase().trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^a-z0-9\\s-]\/g, '')\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    if (!h.id) {\r\n      let base = slug(h.textContent) || 'section';\r\n      used[base] = (used[base] || 0) + 1;\r\n      h.id = used[base] > 1 ? base + '-' + used[base] : base;\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* BUILD TOC *\/\r\n  const ul = document.createElement('ul');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    const level = parseInt(h.tagName.substring(1));\r\n    if (level < 2) return; \/\/ skip H1 like your reference site\r\n\r\n    const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n    li.className = 'level-' + level;\r\n\r\n    const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = '#' + h.id;\r\n    a.textContent = h.textContent.trim();\r\n\r\n    li.appendChild(a);\r\n    ul.appendChild(li);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  toc.innerHTML = `\r\n    <div class=\"toc-header\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"toc-content\"><\/div>\r\n  `;\r\n  toc.querySelector('.toc-content').appendChild(ul);\r\n\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Summary\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The chapter discusses the significant role humans play in environmental actions, highlighting how our development practices have altered our relationship with the environment. Initially, human activities like farming and the establishment of communities led to a shift from a harmonious relationship with nature to one that often exploits it. This shift has caused widespread environmental degradation, such as deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and resource depletion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The text stresses the urgent need for creating a sustainable society. This involves reducing population growth in developing countries, using resources more rationally, and minimizing waste. It also highlights the importance of recycling and conserving resources to maintain the life-support systems of the Earth. A sustainable society should integrate environmental and economic needs, promoting harmony between humans and nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The chapter also discusses the importance of environmental legislation to regulate human activities. Such legislation should guide the rational use and protection of the environment. However, legal measures alone are not enough; environmental ethics must also be developed. These ethics refer to the moral relationship between humans and the environment, guiding us to make decisions that do not harm the Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Examples of environmental challenges in Nagaland, such as land degradation and deforestation, are provided to illustrate the urgent need for action. The text also mentions harmful practices like excessive paper use, the environmental cost of disposable diapers, and the impact of tobacco cultivation. The chapter concludes that while government actions are necessary, individual responsibility is crucial in fostering a sustainable relationship with the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Textbook_Total_History_solutions\"><strong>Textbook solutions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Multiple-Choice_Questions\"><strong>Multiple-Choice Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What factors are exerting pressure on the environment?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Rapid population growth<br>(b) Improper land use<br>(c) Urbanisation<br>(d) All the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: d. All the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Which of the following has been declared as &#8220;country&#8217;s first tobacco free village&#8221;?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Hiware Bazaar, Maharashtra<br>(b) Dharnai, Bihar<br>(c) Gariphema, Kohima, Nagaland<br>(d) Kokrebellur, Karnataka<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: c. Gariphema, Kohima, Nagaland<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. When grown singly, which of the following is most erosive crop, as per the Indian Agricultural Research Institute?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Sundew Plant<br>(b) Rice<br>(c) Tobacco<br>(d) Indigo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: c. Tobacco<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Which country has made law to impose fine on mountain bikers who trail across reserved areas of the country?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Australia<br>(b) Hong Kong<br>(c) Scotland<br>(d) Iraq<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: c. Scotland<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. World&#8217;s first environment-friendly plastic is<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Planotic<br>(b) Polypropylene<br>(c) Plantic<br>(d) Polystyrene<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: c. Plantic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Short_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Short Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What is the common environmental issue that exists amongst the nations of the world?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The common environmental issue that exists amongst the nations of the world is the threat to our ecological security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. What are the major criteria for a sustainable society in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The major criteria for a sustainable society in India include equity with social justice, environmental conservation and harmony, economic efficiency, and local self-reliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Explain the importance of the code of ecology.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: An influential Code of Ecology needs to be developed and followed on the following principles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Providing steps and measures to protect and bring regenerability of the life-support systems by rational utilisation of all available resources that includes developing and protecting renewable resources, conserving non-renewable resources, prolonging their lives by recycling and reuse, decreasing waste and seeing that more wastage does not occur in pursuit of making profits on the whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Making efforts to bring about a fair sharing of resources that are available along with the means and products of development between nations of the world. This would surely result in a notable decrease in differences in resource use and also a notable reduction in resource use in the developed nations; and also an increase in resource utilisation with almost negligible environmental degradation and population control in developing nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Creating an awareness of the hidden social, economic and environmental costs of consumerism and overuse of resources with particular reference to its impact on developing nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Willingness to adopt sustainability as a way of life by getting more from less and in association with others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(e) Making measures to meet all the essential needs of society and logical, legal desires by combining economic and environmental necessities for eradicating poverty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(f) Stopping and reversing the build up of armaments to propagate sustainable peace, security and environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. State the factors that shape our pattern of development.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The factors that shape our pattern of development include our lifestyles and priorities, which determine how we use energy, food, water, shelter, education, and employment, and how we limit wastage and adopt new technology for more economical and rational use of natural and man-made resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Why is environmental legislation required?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental legislation is required for guiding, regulating, and controlling human behaviour and actions on individual and institutional bases for the rational use, management, protection, and improvement of the environment and its resources. It includes guidelines for proper actions and penalties against violations of laid down norms, by-laws, rules, and regulations on different aspects of the environment at local, national, regional, and global levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Define environmental ethics.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental ethics is the ethical relationship between human beings and the environment in which they live. It involves the moral principles that guide the decisions and actions of individuals, communities, and nations concerning the protection and preservation of the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Name a biodegradable plastic and write its significance.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Plantic is a biodegradable plastic. Its significance lies in its composition, which is made from maize and is renewable, sustainable, and non-toxic. It can biodegrade in any environment, allowing multiple disposal routes into any waste stream, making it the world&#8217;s first truly environment-friendly plastic that is competitive in terms of cost and functionality with petrochemical-based plastics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Long_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Long Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Why do we need to work towards a sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: We need to work towards a sustainable society because the increasing population, improper land use, and rapid urbanisation are exerting pressure on the environment. To ensure that the resources are available for future generations, we must focus on the rational use of resources, minimising waste, and conserving the life-support system to aid in its regenerability. A sustainable society aims to balance environmental and economic needs, ensuring equity, social justice, environmental conservation, harmony, economic efficiency, and local self-reliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Why should individuals wake up to the environmental concerns?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Individuals should wake up to environmental concerns because their actions at the individual, social, and global levels contribute to environmental degradation. The environment is not just a concern about wildlife, deforestation, and pollution, but it is also a question of the patterns of development that the human race has followed till date and the kind of people we have developed into. By taking responsibility and adopting measures such as reducing waste, recycling, and conserving resources, individuals can make a significant difference in protecting and regenerating the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. List any three principles on which a code of ecology must be based.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: (a) Providing steps and measures to protect and bring regenerability of the life-support systems by rational utilisation of all available resources that includes developing and protecting renewable resources, conserving non-renewable resources, prolonging their lives by recycling and reuse, decreasing waste and seeing that more wastage does not occur in pursuit of making profits on the whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Making efforts to bring about a fair sharing of resources that are available along with the means and products of development between nations of the world. This would surely result in a notable decrease in differences in resource use and also a notable reduction in resource use in the developed nations; and also an increase in resource utilisation with almost negligible environmental degradation and population control in developing nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Creating an awareness of the hidden social, economic and environmental costs of consumerism and overuse of resources with particular reference to its impact on developing nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Why and how should environmental ethics be adopted?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental ethics should be adopted because they guide the behaviour and actions of humanity on individual, community, and international levels. Environmental ethics involve making ethical decisions with respect to the environment, such as whether to continue clearing forests, using gasoline-powered vehicles, or causing the extinction of species for human convenience. These ethics help in sharpening judgment, reinforcing rational values, and developing new understandings and values for better harmony between human beings and the environment. Environmental ethics must be developed within each person as a force that commands decisions and actions that are not harmful to the local, national, and international communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Structured_Questions\"><strong>Think and Answer<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. List everyday activities of individuals that portray the role of human beings as irrational contributors to environmental degradation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Excessive use of non-recyclable plastics, such as single-use plastic bags and bottles, which contribute to pollution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overconsumption of water resources, including leaving taps running unnecessarily.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wasteful energy usage, such as leaving lights and electronic devices on when not in use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improper disposal of hazardous materials, including batteries and electronic waste, that contaminate the environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unnecessary driving and use of fossil fuels, leading to increased carbon emissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Littering and improper waste disposal, contributing to land and water pollution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Make one list each of human beings and the environment affecting due to plastic and related things. Give a brief account of each harmful effect.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Human Beings:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Health Hazards<\/strong>: Plastics contain harmful chemicals like Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which can leach into food and beverages from plastic containers, leading to potential health risks such as cancer, endocrine disruption, and other serious health issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Respiratory Issues<\/strong>: Burning plastic waste releases toxic gases like dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that can cause respiratory problems and other health issues in humans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Physical Injuries<\/strong>: Discarded plastic items like broken bottles and sharp objects can cause injuries to humans, especially in public places like beaches and parks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Environment:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Soil Pollution<\/strong>: Plastics buried in the soil can take hundreds of years to decompose, leading to long-term pollution of the soil. This affects soil fertility and can result in reduced agricultural productivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Water Pollution<\/strong>: Plastics thrown into water bodies can choke aquatic life, lead to the death of marine animals, and disrupt the entire aquatic ecosystem. Plastic waste also contributes to the contamination of drinking water sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Air Pollution<\/strong>: The incineration of plastic waste releases harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution and climate change. These pollutants can also cause acid rain, which harms crops, forests, and aquatic life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra\/additional_MCQs\"><strong>Extras MCQs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What was a major factor contributing to land degradation in Nagaland?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Deforestation<br>B. Industrialization<br>C. Urbanization<br>D. Mining<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: A. Deforestation<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What was one consequence of improving farming practices historically?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Decreased population<br>B. Spread of human population<br>C. Reduction in food production<br>D. Increased natural disasters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Spread of human population<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the main challenge facing the human race according to the text?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Economic growth<br>B. Population control<br>C. Sustainability<br>D. Urbanization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: C. Sustainability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What has led to the destruction of natural ecosystems historically?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Industrial pollution<br>B. Spread of human population<br>C. Mining activities<br>D. Technological advancements<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Spread of human population<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is suggested as essential for achieving a sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Increased industrialization<br>B. Equity with social justice<br>C. Rapid urbanization<br>D. Population growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Equity with social justice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is one of the principles of the Code of Ecology?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rapid industrialization<br>B. Fair sharing of resources<br>C. Increased consumerism<br>D. Globalization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Fair sharing of resources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What type of cultivation contributes to land degradation in Nagaland?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Terrace farming<br>B. Shifting cultivation<br>C. Organic farming<br>D. Subsistence farming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Shifting cultivation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What needs to be stopped to promote sustainable peace?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Industrial growth<br>B. Population increase<br>C. Armament build-up<br>D. Urban development<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: C. Armament build-up<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is one of the key objectives of environmental conservation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Spreading awareness<br>B. Promoting tourism<br>C. Increasing industrial production<br>D. Expanding urban areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Spreading awareness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the estimated time it takes for a disposable diaper to decompose?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 100 years<br>B. 200 years<br>C. 500 years<br>D. 1,000 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C. 500 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What percentage of Nagaland&#8217;s men consume tobacco?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 50%<br>B. 68%<br>C. 28%<br>D. 75%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B. 68%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How many times can hemp paper be recycled compared to wood-based paper?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Two times<br>B. Four times<br>C. Seven times<br>D. Ten times<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C. Seven times<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How much fuelwood is required to treat one kilogram of tobacco leaves?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 2-3 kg<br>B. 4-5 kg<br>C. 6-8 kg<br>D. 10-12 kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C. 6-8 kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which village in Nagaland was declared the country&#8217;s first tobacco-free village?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Gariphema<br>B. Kohima<br>C. Dimapur<br>D. Mokokchung<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Gariphema<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which environmental group urged the Hong Kong government to stop burning waste at Penny&#8217;s Bay?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. WWF<br>B. Greenpeace<br>C. Sierra Club<br>D. Friends of the Earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B. Greenpeace<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the primary purpose of environmental legislation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. To increase economic growth<br>B. To control environmental interventions<br>C. To promote industrialization<br>D. To support urbanization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. To control environmental interventions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What material is used to make the biodegradable plastic?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Wheat<br>B. Rice<br>C. Maize<br>D. Soybeans<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: C. Maize<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>18. What makes Plantic plastic different from conventional plastic?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. It&#8217;s made of synthetic materials<br>B. It&#8217;s more durable<br>C. It biodegrades in any environment<br>D. It is non-renewable<strong>Answer<\/strong>: C. It biodegrades in any environment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_Questions_and_Answers\"><strong>Extra Questions and Answers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What determines man&#8217;s reactions and responses to environmental events?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The frequency and magnitude of extreme natural environment determine his reactions and responses to these events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How did the emergence of socially organised human communities impact the relationship between man and the environment?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The emergence of socially organised human communities, human civilisation, and farming practices changed the existing almost friendly and cordial relationship between man and his natural environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What was the effect of continuous improvement in farming practices?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Gradual but continuous improvement in farming practices resulted in a gradual increase in human population and in the number of domesticated animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What actions were taken to increase agricultural land?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: More and more virgin forest lands were cleared through felling of trees, using more advanced tools and weapons, and through burning of forests to increase agricultural land so that the increasing number of human beings could get food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why did people move from areas of greater concentration to other areas?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: People moved from areas of greater concentration of people to other areas in search of new fertile land, which led to the spread of human population and ultimately destroyed the natural ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is needed to ensure the existence of a sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: A sharp decline in population in developing countries, rational use, and minimum waste are needed. Materials must be recycled and reused, and determined efforts must be made to conserve the life-support system and aid in its regenerability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What basic philosophy must we follow to achieve sustainability?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: We must follow a basic philosophy of blending environmental and economic needs into a connected whole so that human beings work in harmony with nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the common issue that can unite nations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The threat to our ecological security is the common issue that can bring the nations of the world together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the major challenge facing the human race today?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The major challenge facing the human race today is the move towards sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the two groups that must be bridged in India to achieve a sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: In India, the gap between agriculturists who are still living in medieval times and a small number of rich people living a lavish life must be bridged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the conditions for making a sustainable society in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: We must ensure equity with social justice, environmental conservation and harmony, economic efficiency, and local self-reliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the situation in Nagaland regarding conservation and sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: There is no specific policy for conservation and a sustainable society in Nagaland, with land degradation, rapid population growth, improper land use, absence of land use policy, and growing urbanisation exerting pressure on the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the important factors contributing to land degradation in Nagaland?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Important factors contributing to land degradation in Nagaland include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Loss of vegetation due to deforestation.<br>(ii) Unsustainable fuel-wood extraction.<br>(iii) Shifting cultivation.<br>(iv) Unplanned agricultural practices.<br>(v) Encroachment of forest land for agriculture.<br>(vi) Forest fire.<br>(vii) Over grazing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Can government laws enforce the Code of Ecology by themselves?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The orders or laws laid down by the government cannot enforce the Code of Ecology by themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<strong>Q. What are the important objectives of environmental conservation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The important objectives of environmental conservation include spreading awareness, fighting against habitat destruction, and enforcing a ban on illegal poaching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the environmental benefits of using non-wood pulp sources for paper production?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Non-wood pulp sources, such as bagasse fibre, are cheaper and can be more sustainable. For example, one hectare of hemp can produce as much usable fibre as four hectares of trees, and hemp paper is more long-lasting, stronger, and can be recycled more times than wood-based paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the environmental impact of e-communication on paper consumption?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> E-communication, while seemingly beneficial, has led to a 40 per cent increase in paper consumption in offices, as more printouts are taken because they are convenient to read and carry around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the decomposition time of a used disposable diaper, and what are the associated risks?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Each used disposable diaper can take up to 500 years to decompose. They contain non-biodegradable products and pose potential dangers to sanitation workers and garbage handlers, as up to 100 viruses, including live polio pathogens, can survive in soiled diapers for up to two weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What resolution was taken in Gariphema village regarding tobacco use?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Gariphema village in Kohima, Nagaland, was declared the country&#8217;s first tobacco-free village. A resolution was taken to impose fines of 1,000 on anyone selling or consuming tobacco and alcohol, with a 500 fine for those consuming these products in public places.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the environmental cost of tobacco cultivation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The environmental cost of tobacco cultivation is significant. Treating one kilogram of tobacco leaves requires 6-8 kg of high-quality dry fuelwood. From 1962-2002, the fuelwood used for tobacco production destroyed 868 million tonnes of wood, which could have powered a thermal plant for an entire year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the social implications of tobacco cultivation in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Tobacco cultivation in India forces about 20,000 children to work on tobacco farms and another 27,000 in beedi-making and cigarette-packing units, highlighting the severe social implications of this industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the need for environmental legislation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Environmental legislation is necessary to guide, regulate, and control human behaviour and actions at individual and institutional levels. It should focus on the rational use, management, protection, and improvement of the environment and its resources, with guidelines for proper actions and penalties for violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why is environmental legislation needed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental legislation is needed at different levels for regulating and controlling environmental interventions, pollution, and conflicts. However, these laws have limitations, beyond which environmental ethics should guide the behavior and actions of humanity on individual, community, and international levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is environmental ethics?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental ethic is the ethical relationship between human beings and the environment in which they live. It involves the ethical decisions humans make regarding the environment, such as whether to clear forests for human consumption or continue using gasoline-powered vehicles that deplete fossil fuel resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Give an example of an ethical decision related to the environment.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: An example of an ethical decision related to the environment is whether humans should continue making gasoline-powered vehicles, which deplete fossil fuel resources, even though technology exists to create zero-emission vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What environmental obligations do humans have toward future generations?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental obligations toward future generations include making decisions that do not harm the environment and ensuring the conservation of resources and species. It involves questioning whether it is right for humans to cause the extinction of a species for the perceived or real convenience of humanity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why is the development of environmental ethics important?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The development of environmental ethics is important because it commands individuals to make decisions and take actions that are not harmful to the local, national, and international community. It sharpens a person&#8217;s judgment and helps them act responsibly, even when laws and regulations reach their limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does environmental ethics relate to the disposal of dangerous wastes?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Environmental ethics relate to the disposal of dangerous wastes by guiding decisions beyond the scope of legislation. For instance, while laws may regulate waste disposal to a certain extent, ethical values compel individuals or groups to manage dangerous wastes like nuclear waste or dioxin responsibly, even when regulations do not cover every scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How have man&#8217;s ethical values toward the environment developed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Man&#8217;s rational ethical values with respect to the environment have developed through the experiences of generations of humanity. These values must be reinforced and new understandings and values must be developed to achieve better harmony between humans and the natural and man-made environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is Plantic and why is it significant?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Plantic is a novel biodegradable plastic developed by an Australian company, Plantic Technologies. It is significant because it is made from maize, making it renewable, sustainable, and non-toxic. Unlike conventional plastics, Plantic can biodegrade in any environment, offering multiple disposal routes and reducing environmental impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What makes Plantic different from conventional plastics?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Plantic differs from conventional plastics in that it is made from maize, a renewable and sustainable resource. This composition makes Plantic non-toxic and capable of biodegrading in any environment, unlike petrochemical-based plastics that often require professional composting facilities for degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How have environmental factors influenced racial characteristics and human thoughts?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Various combinations of environmental factors have not only affected but conditioned racial characteristics in different parts of the Earth&#8217;s surface. Environment also influences and conditions the thoughts, ideologies, and cultures of human beings. Even the social, economic, and political behavior is influenced to a certain extent by man&#8217;s perception of environmental factors and his responses to these factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What led to the destruction of the natural ecosystem?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The emergence of socially organized human communities, human civilization, and farming practices changed the existing almost friendly and cordial relationship between man and his natural environment. Gradual but continuous improvement in farming practices resulted in a gradual increase in human population and in the number of domesticated animals. More and more virgin forest lands were cleared through the felling of trees, using more advanced tools and weapons, and through burning of forests to increase agricultural land, ultimately destroying the natural ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is necessary for achieving a sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: To achieve a sustainable society, people must awaken to the need for taking tangible steps towards sustainability. A sharp decline in population in developing countries is necessary, along with rational use and minimum waste. Materials must be recycled and reused, and determined efforts must be made to conserve the life-support system and aid in its regenerability. We must follow a basic philosophy of blending environmental and economic needs into a connected whole, so that human beings work in harmony with nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What steps are recommended for creating a sustainable society?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The steps recommended for creating a sustainable society include:<br>(a) Providing steps and measures to protect and bring regenerability of the life-support systems by rational utilization of all available resources.<br>(b) Making efforts to bring about a fair sharing of resources available along with the means and products of development between nations of the world.<br>(c) Creating awareness of the hidden social, economic, and environmental costs of consumerism and overuse of resources.<br>(d) Willingness to adopt sustainability as a way of life by getting more from less and in association with others.<br>(e) Making measures to meet all the essential needs of society and logical, legal desires by combining economic and environmental necessities for eradicating poverty.<br>(f) Stopping and reversing the build-up of armaments to propagate sustainable peace, security, and environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How do our lifestyles and priorities shape the pattern of development?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Our lifestyles and priorities play a crucial role in shaping the pattern of development. If balanced and sound development is desired, then human lifestyles and priorities must be defined and refined with respect to energy, food, water, shelter, education, employment, and other essentials. This means decreasing or limiting wastage in our daily lives, both on an individual level and in technological processes. By adopting new lifestyles and priorities, we pave the way for new technology that allows for more economical and rational use of natural and man-made resources, leading to less wastage and more recycling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the need for a sustainable society in today&#8217;s world?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: People in the world today have awakened to the need for taking tangible steps towards the existence of a sustainable society. A need for a sharp decline in population in developing countries has been felt, along with rational use and minimum waste. Materials must be recycled and reused, and determined efforts must be made to conserve the life-support system and aid in its regenerability. We must follow a basic philosophy of blending environmental and economic needs into a connected whole so that human beings work in harmony with nature. Therefore, the pursuit of sustainability involves a comprehensive approach that integrates population control, resource management, and a balance between environmental conservation and economic growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What common issue can unite nations globally, and what is required to address it?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: If there is any one common issue that can bring the nations of the world together, it is the threat to our ecological security. To fight and face this, there is a strong need for common concerns, approaches, and strategies. A common code has to be followed at different levels\u2014individual, societal, community, country, regional, and global\u2014for developing a cult of sustainability in development. The major challenge facing the human race today is the move towards sustainability. Addressing ecological security demands international cooperation and adherence to a universal framework that prioritises sustainability across all levels of society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What challenges and disparities exist in India&#8217;s move towards sustainability?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: The major challenge facing the human race today is the move towards sustainability. If we continue at the present rate in India, we will continue to have agriculturists who are still living in medieval times and a small number of rich people living a lavish life, who claim to make India a great power in the 21st century. We must make quick and rational moves to bridge the gap between the two groups mentioned. Only then can we be sure of making a sustainable society where we have equity with social justice, environmental conservation and harmony, economic efficiency, and local self-reliance. Therefore, India&#8217;s journey toward sustainability is marked by a significant disparity between different socioeconomic groups, requiring urgent action to achieve a balanced and just society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why is the environment considered a conflict of mind and spirit today?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: It has been realised that today the environment is no longer some concern about wildlife, deforestation, and pollution, but it is a question, a conflict of mind and spirit, a conflict about the patterns of development that the human race has followed to date and the kind of people we have developed into, and how we must change to survive. This shift in perspective highlights the deep connection between environmental issues and the broader existential questions that humanity faces, necessitating a profound change in how we approach development and coexistence with nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>41. What are some of the small actions contributing to environmental degradation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: Our actions at the individual, social, and global levels have contributed to environmental degradation. These actions include things as seemingly small as improper paper usage, reliance on disposable diapers, and tobacco consumption. In Nagaland, for instance, the region is not exempt from issues concerning wildlife and biodiversity conservation. The degradation manifests in various ways, including habitat destruction, illegal poaching, and other unsustainable practices. To combat these issues, important objectives of conservation include spreading awareness, fighting against habitat destruction, and enforcing bans on illegal poaching. Despite being close to nature, even Nagas, who are considered born biologists, are affected by the broader environmental challenges caused by these actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Get notes, summary, questions and answers, MCQs, extras, and PDFs of Chapter 2 \u201cRole of Human in Environmental Actions\u201d which is part of&nbsp;NBSE Class 11 Environment Education. However, the notes should only be treated as references and changes should be made according to the needs of the students. Summary The chapter discusses the significant role&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/role-of-human-nbse\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Role of Human in Environmental Actions: NBSE Class 11 Env<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1044,"featured_media":18415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,34],"tags":[28,46,74,30,13,33,35,36,901,37,38],"class_list":["post-18405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nagaland","category-notes","tag-answers","tag-class-11","tag-environment","tag-extras","tag-nbse","tag-notes","tag-pdf","tag-questions","tag-role-of-human-in-environmental-actions","tag-solutions","tag-summary","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18405"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32879,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18405\/revisions\/32879"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}