{"id":22420,"date":"2025-03-19T14:21:04","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T08:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlinefreenotes.com\/?p=22420"},"modified":"2025-12-12T07:57:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T07:57:09","slug":"causes-of-depletion-of-resources-nbse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/causes-of-depletion-of-resources-nbse\/","title":{"rendered":"Causes of Depletion of Resources: NBSE Class 9 Environment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 8 Causes of Depletion of Resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/nbsenl.edu.in\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NBSE <\/a>Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified\/changed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n  <style>\r\n    .notice {\r\n      background: yellow;       \/* simple yellow background *\/\r\n      text-align: center;       \/* centre alignment *\/\r\n      padding: 12px 16px;\r\n      margin: 20px auto;\r\n      width: fit-content;       \/* shrink to text and centre via auto margins *\/\r\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n    }\r\n  <\/style>\r\n  <div class=\"notice\">\r\n    If you notice any errors in the notes, please mention them in the comments\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<nav id=\"toc\" class=\"toc-box\"><\/nav>\r\n<style>\r\n.toc-box{\r\n  border:1px solid #e5e7eb;\r\n  border-radius:8px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n  margin:20px 0;\r\n  font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\r\n}\r\n.toc-header{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  font-size:16px;\r\n  font-weight:600;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #eef2f7;\r\n  background:#f8fafc\r\n}\r\n.toc-content{\r\n  padding:12px 18px\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Base list *\/\r\n.toc-content ul{\r\n  margin:0 25px;\r\n  padding-left:0;\r\n  list-style:none\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Level-based bullets *\/\r\n.toc-content li{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  margin:6px 0;\r\n  margin-left:6px;\r\n  line-height:1.5;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H2 bullet \u25cf *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-2{\r\n  list-style:disc;\r\n\t\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* H3 bullet \u25cb *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-3{\r\n  margin-left:26px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\n\/* H4+ bullet \u2013 *\/\r\n.toc-content li.level-4{\r\n  margin-left:46px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n.toc-content li.level-5,\r\n.toc-content li.level-6{\r\n  margin-left:66px;\r\n\tlist-style:disc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.toc-content a{\r\n  text-decoration:none;\r\n  color:#000\r\n}\r\n.toc-content a:hover{\r\n  text-decoration:underline\r\n}\r\n\r\nhtml{scroll-behavior:smooth}\r\nh1[id],h2[id],h3[id],h4[id],h5[id],h6[id]{\r\n  scroll-margin-top:110px\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n\r\n  const toc = document.getElementById('toc');\r\n  if (!toc) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* MAIN CONTENT ONLY *\/\r\n  const content = document.querySelector('#pdf-content');\r\n\r\n  \/* EXCLUDE AREAS *\/\r\n  const excludeSelectors = `\r\n    .author, .byline, .entry-meta, .post-meta,\r\n    #comments, .comments-area, .comment-respond,\r\n    .comment-form, .comment-list,\r\n    .login, .login-required,\r\n    .sidebar, aside, footer, nav,\r\n    .widget, .widgets\r\n  `;\r\n\r\n  \/* TEXT TO IGNORE *\/\r\n  const ignoreText = [\r\n    'leave a comment',\r\n    'cancel reply',\r\n    'login required',\r\n    'get notes',\r\n    'ron\\'e dutta',\r\n    'comments'\r\n  ];\r\n\r\n  \r\nconst headings = [...content.querySelectorAll('h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6')]\r\n  .filter(h => !excludeSelectors || !h.closest(excludeSelectors))\r\n  .filter(h => {\r\n    const txt = h.textContent.trim().toLowerCase();\r\n    return txt.length > 0 && !ignoreText.some(t => txt.includes(t));\r\n  });\r\n\r\n\/\/alert(content);\r\n  if (!headings.length) {\r\n    toc.style.display = 'none';\r\n    return;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* UNIQUE IDs *\/\r\n  const used = {};\r\n  const slug = t => t.toLowerCase().trim()\r\n    .replace(\/[^a-z0-9\\s-]\/g, '')\r\n    .replace(\/\\s+\/g, '-');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    if (!h.id) {\r\n      let base = slug(h.textContent) || 'section';\r\n      used[base] = (used[base] || 0) + 1;\r\n      h.id = used[base] > 1 ? base + '-' + used[base] : base;\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* BUILD TOC *\/\r\n  const ul = document.createElement('ul');\r\n\r\n  headings.forEach(h => {\r\n    const level = parseInt(h.tagName.substring(1));\r\n    if (level < 2) return; \/\/ skip H1 like your reference site\r\n\r\n    const li = document.createElement('li');\r\n    li.className = 'level-' + level;\r\n\r\n    const a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = '#' + h.id;\r\n    a.textContent = h.textContent.trim();\r\n\r\n    li.appendChild(a);\r\n    ul.appendChild(li);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  toc.innerHTML = `\r\n    <div class=\"toc-header\">Table of Contents<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"toc-content\"><\/div>\r\n  `;\r\n  toc.querySelector('.toc-content').appendChild(ul);\r\n\r\n});\r\n<\/script>\r\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Summary\"><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Natural resources are things we use every day. These include water, air, trees, minerals, oil, and food. Resource depletion happens when we use these resources faster than they can be replaced. This is a big problem because without these resources, humans cannot survive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are four main reasons why resources are depleting. The first is overusing resources. Overuse means using more of a resource than nature can replace. Many resources like forests, minerals, water, and soil are affected. Forests give us wood, paper, medicines, and more. But cutting too many trees too quickly harms the environment. It leads to soil erosion, loss of animal homes, and affects the ecosystem. Minerals take millions of years to form but are used up quickly in industries. Water is renewable but also needs time to replenish. Groundwater is being used faster than it can refill. Soil is losing nutrients because farmers grow crops back-to-back without giving the land time to recover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second reason is unequal distribution of resources. Some places have lots of resources while others have very little. This makes it hard for some areas to get what they need. For example, Japan has few minerals and must import them. In India, some regions depend heavily on groundwater because they don\u2019t get much rain. Unequal distribution also causes disputes over shared resources like rivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The third reason is technological and industrial development. After the Industrial Revolution, machines began consuming resources faster. Factories need raw materials from mining or farming. They burn fossil fuels for energy, which pollutes the air. Urban growth brought changes like pollution and slums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The fourth reason is population growth. As more people are born, the demand for resources increases. More land is cleared for farming or housing. Cities expand, merging with nearby towns. This puts pressure on resources like wood, minerals, and water. Groundwater levels drop in cities as more people draw from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forests provide many things but are being cut down too fast. Mining disrupts ecosystems and pollutes water. Rivers are dammed, changing how water flows naturally. Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides that harm soil and water. Burning agricultural waste adds to pollution. To solve these problems, efforts are being made to control population growth and manage resources better. Scientists and environmentalists are working to find solutions before resources run out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Very_short_answers\"><strong>Textbook solutions<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Answer_in_-_words\"><strong>Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Resources that are replenished by natural process are called:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Renewable resources<br>B. Non-renewable resources<br>C. Equitable resources<br>D. Non-equitable resources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: A. Renewable resources<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Oceans contain around ___ percent of water but this water is saline and is of little use to man.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 90<br>B. 95<br>C. 97<br>D. 100<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: C. 97<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Loss of nutrients is compensated by:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Adding fertilizers<br>B. Adding manures<br>C. Adding humus<br>D. All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: D. All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Study of types of soil and its properties is called:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Zoology<br>B. Pedology<br>C. Microbiology<br>D. None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Pedology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. As a result of growing human population, the rate of exhaustion of resources is also:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Decreasing<br>B. Increasing<br>C. Neither decreasing nor increasing<br>D. Remains same<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer<\/strong>: B. Increasing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Short_essay-type_answers\"><strong>Very Short Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What do you understand by clear cutting of forests?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;Clear cutting of forests refers to a technique of felling trees that is very harmful as it allows the trees of an area to be removed abruptly, making the soil naked and leading to excessive soil erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Which building material is provided by the minerals?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;Minerals provide building materials such as limestone, marble, slate, and granite, which are used in the construction of buildings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. What are the chief sources of groundwater pollution?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;The chief sources of groundwater pollution include the overuse of fertilizers, where soluble forms of nitrogen leach down to groundwater, and the continuous use of insecticides and pesticides, which lead to adverse effects on water sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. What is the chief cause of population growth of cities?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The chief cause of population growth of cities is the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. What do you mean by overuse of resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Overuse of resources refers to when a resource is used more than it is replaced by nature. This includes the use of either renewable or non-renewable forms of resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Short_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Short Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What is the physical impact of clear cutting of forests?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The physical impact of clear cutting of forests includes: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) The land becomes barren as the removal of forests gives it a bad shape. <br>(ii) It leads to excessive soil erosion because the soil becomes naked after the trees are removed abruptly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Describe the biological effect of clear cutting of forests.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The biological effect of clear cutting of forests includes: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) The food chain is disturbed. <br>(ii) Several plants and animals die, and their reproduction is adversely affected. <br>(iii) There is a fall in photosynthesis activity, leading to reduced oxygen release and carbon dioxide absorption. <br>(iv) There is also a fall in the formation of various organic acids during the decomposition of fallen leaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Why is the pressure on groundwater of cities increasing?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The pressure on groundwater of cities is increasing because: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Cities are places where there is maximum freshwater exhaustion due to millions of people living in a small surface area. <br>(ii) This exerts enormous pressure on groundwater resources, leading to water scarcity problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Why is the use of fertilizers increasing day by day?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The use of fertilizers is increasing day by day because: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) To enhance agricultural production, the soil is overused, and its nutrients need to be replenished after every crop harvest. <br>(ii) Farmers plant another crop immediately after harvesting one, leaving no time for the soil to replenish naturally. <br>(iii) Loss of nutrients is compensated by adding fertilizers to maintain or increase production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. What are the major uses of agriculture residue?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The major uses of agriculture residue are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) It can be used as fodder for animals. <br>(ii) It serves as raw material in agro-based industries and the paper industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. What problems are posed by the non-equitable distribution of resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Problems posed by the non-equitable distribution of resources are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Unequal distribution leads to heavy transportation costs. Areas which have scarcity of minerals have to import minerals from other areas. <br>(ii) Japan is an industrialized country but it hardly possesses any mineral. Therefore, it imports all the minerals from other countries. <br>(iii) In India, there are very short reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Hence, India has to depend on the Middle East to fulfill its requirement of petroleum and natural gas. <br>(iv) In India, regions having less rainfall depend on groundwater for irrigation of their crops. This leads to depletion of the underground water table. <br>(v) Unequal distribution of resources leads to disputes. Some natural resources like rivers cross political boundaries of countries or states. The water, therefore, has to be shared, which results in disputes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. How does technological advancement affect the industrial development?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Technological advancement affects industrial development as follows: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Technology provides new, fast, and efficient machinery for industries, leading to faster consumption of resources. <br>(ii) All industries need raw materials, most of which are obtained from agriculture or mining. <br>(iii) Mineral-based industries exhaust minerals at a rapid rate, depleting resources like coal, iron-ore, mica, and petroleum. <br>(iv) Urbanization, associated with industrial revolution, brought changes such as shifts in land use, pollution, and the growth of slums. <br>(v) Energy, required by all industries, is generated by burning fossil fuels, leading to pollution. <br>(vi) Many countries shifted from an agricultural base to an industrial base of their economy, with developing countries still undergoing this transition. <br>(vii) The Industrial Revolution, which started in the 18th century in England, replaced handmade goods with machine-manufactured goods, dramatically increasing production and bringing tremendous environmental change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. Describe the effects of Industrial Revolution.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The effects of the Industrial Revolution are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Goods that were made in homes or small workshops began to be manufactured in large industries. <br>(ii) Work done by hand was replaced by work done by machines. <br>(iii) Production of goods grew dramatically. <br>(iv) It caused a revolution because it brought tremendous changes in the environment. <br>(v) The process of urbanization was associated with the Industrial Revolution, which led to changes such as shifts in land use, pollution, and the growth of slums. <br>(vi) Industries required energy, which was generated by burning fossil fuels, causing pollution. <br>(vii) Many countries shifted from an agricultural base to an industrial base of their economy. <br>(viii) Developing countries are still transitioning from an agricultural base to an industrial base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. Explain overuse of resources in detail.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Overuse of resources refers to when a resource is utilized more than it can be replenished by nature. Overuse is primarily caused by the rising population, which exerts enormous pressure on resources. Although all resources are affected by over-utilization, the most impacted ones include forests, minerals, water, and soil. Forests are overexploited due to increasing dependence on them for goods such as wood, paper, medicines, and chemicals. Minerals, which take millions of years to form, are consumed rapidly due to industrialization and urbanization. Water resources face exhaustion in cities due to high demand and contamination. Soil is overused in agriculture to enhance production, leading to nutrient depletion and pollution from excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. Why do resources fall short with the growth of population?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Resources fall short with the growth of population because natural resources are limited, while the human population continues to grow. As the population increases, the demand for resources like wood, minerals, water, and agricultural land also rises. For example, more area is brought under cultivation by clearing forests to meet food demands. Minerals that take millions of years to form are extracted at a rapid rate due to heavy mining. Similarly, freshwater resources face pressure in cities where millions of people depend on limited supplies. The constant growth of urban centers and migration from rural areas further intensify the burden on resources, making them insufficient to meet the growing needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Long_Answer_Questions\"><strong>Long Answer Questions<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Discuss the various impacts of forest depletion.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The various impacts of forest depletion are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Forest depletion occurs due to rocketing population growth, which increases the demand for wood as it is a major building material.<br>(ii) The clear-cutting technique of felling trees is very harmful as it removes trees abruptly, leaving the soil exposed and leading to excessive soil erosion.<br>(iii) The loss of habitat for animals disrupts ecosystems and has serious consequences on the balance of nature.<br>(iv) Physically, the removal of forests degrades the land, making it barren and reducing its ability to support life.<br>(v) Chemically, the environment is negatively affected due to reduced photosynthesis activity, decreased oxygen release, reduced absorption of carbon dioxide, and diminished formation of organic acids during the decomposition of fallen leaves.<br>(vi) Biologically, the food chain is disturbed, causing several plants and animals to die, and their reproduction is adversely affected.<br>(vii) Ethically, overexploitation of forests reflects irrational use of natural resources, showing disregard for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Elaborate the consequences of heavy mining.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The consequences of heavy mining are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Heavy mining disturbs the ecosystem. In areas of heavy mining, the forest cover is removed.<br>(ii) It destroys the habitat of organisms and breaks the food chain, severely disturbing the ecosystem.<br>(iii) Groundwater is not properly recharged in the absence of vegetation cover.<br>(iv) Rainwater goes waste as surface runoff and is not absorbed by the surface.<br>(v) Soil erosion is another problem in mining areas. The areas of heavy mining often lead to defacement of land, and such areas are termed ghost towns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Explain the agricultural practices that deplete the soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The agricultural practices that deplete the soil are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) To enhance agricultural production, the soil is overused. Soil has a limit to produce food and needs time to replenish its nutrients after every crop harvest. However, man does not keep the soil free even for a few weeks.<br>(ii) After harvesting one crop, another crop is planted immediately.<br>(iii) Loss of nutrients is compensated by adding fertilizers.<br>(iv) The use of fertilizers is increasing day by day to enhance production, but it pollutes the soil and water sources of the area.<br>(v) Soluble forms of nitrogen leach down to groundwater, adding to pollution.<br>(vi) Farmers use various insecticides and pesticides to protect crops from insects and diseases. Continuous use of these chemicals leads to adverse effects.<br>(vii) Nowadays, farmers focus more on commercial agriculture and high-yielding varieties, neglecting agricultural residue and fodder crops.<br>(viii) Most farmers burn agricultural residue in the fields after harvesting the crop.<br>(ix) Agricultural residue has economic and environmental benefits, such as being used as fodder for animals or raw material in agro-based industries and the paper industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Differentiate between over-utilized and under-utilized areas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Over-utilized areas are regions where natural resources are excessively consumed, leading to depletion and environmental degradation, while under-utilized areas are those where resources remain unused or are not fully exploited due to various factors such as lack of infrastructure, technology, or accessibility. Unequal distribution of resources results in some areas being overexploited while others remain under-utilized, posing challenges in resource management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. How does industrialization affect the depletion of resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Industrialization affects the depletion of resources in the following ways: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) All industries require some form of raw material, most of which is obtained from agriculture or mining.<br>(ii) Mineral-based industries are exhausting minerals such as coal, iron-ore, mica, and petroleum at a very rapid rate.<br>(iii) The process of urbanization linked with industrialization has brought changes like altered land use, pollution, and the creation of slums.<br>(iv) Energy is a major requirement for all industries, which is generated by burning fossil fuels, leading to pollution and the depletion of these non-renewable resources.<br>(v) Many countries have shifted from an agricultural-based economy to an industrial-based economy, further accelerating resource consumption.<br>(vi) The Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century in England, marked the start of mass production in industries using machines instead of manual labor, causing a dramatic increase in resource use.<br>(vii) This revolution brought tremendous environmental changes, contributing significantly to the fast depletion of resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. What role does population growth play in depleting the resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Population growth plays a significant role in depleting resources as follows: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Minerals show the fastest rate of depletion because all minerals were formed through complex processes over millions of years, but heavy mining removes those materials in just a few years.<br>(ii) As the population increases, the demand for wood also increases because it is a major building material.<br>(iii) The clear-cutting technique of felling trees becomes more prevalent due to rising demands, which allows the trees of an area to be removed abruptly, leading to resource depletion.<br>(iv) Increasing human population requires more food, necessitating bringing more area under cultivation. This is often done by removing forests, and at some places, forests are deliberately burnt to use the area for cultivation immediately.<br>(v) The growth of the human population has significantly affected urban settlements, especially in cities.<br>(vi) Constant growth of urban centers, a notable impact of human population growth in the twentieth century, leads to cities crossing their administrative boundaries during expansion. In some cases, adjoining towns merge to form a single urban area.<br>(vii) To relieve the burden of increasing population, governments create satellite towns, indicating the pressure on resources in main urban areas.<br>(viii) Migration of people from rural to urban areas is a major cause of population growth in cities, further straining resources.<br>(ix) Growing human population has resulted in altering land-use patterns, contributing to resource depletion.<br>(x) The issue of resource depletion due to population growth has drawn the attention of many scientists and environmentalists.<br>(xi) Efforts are being made to control the growth rate of the human population, and some success has been achieved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Extras<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Extra_questions_and_answers\"><strong>Additional questions and answers<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Define resource depletion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Resource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished. It happens when the consumption of renewable or non-renewable resources becomes scarce, as they are consumed at a faster rate than they can be replenished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are renewable resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Renewable resources are resources that are replenished by natural processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Name two resources severely affected by overuse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Two resources severely affected by overuse are forests and minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is meant by heavy mining?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Heavy mining refers to the process where large-scale extraction of minerals occurs, disturbing the ecosystem, removing forest cover, destroying habitats, breaking food chains, and causing other environmental issues such as improper groundwater recharge, soil erosion, and defacement of land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Give an example of a mineral used heavily due to rapid industrialisation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: An example of a mineral used heavily due to rapid industrialisation is iron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does the term &#8220;ghost town&#8221; refer to?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The term &#8220;ghost town&#8221; refers to areas of heavy mining that often lead to the defacement of land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What percentage of the world&#8217;s protein requirement is provided by fish?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Fish provide 5.6% of the total protein needed in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why has the whaling industry declined sharply?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The whaling industry has witnessed a sharp decline because of the rapid and unwise exploitation of whales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What happens when rivers&#8217; natural water transport is reduced?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: When rivers&#8217; natural water transport is reduced, it leads to a big interference in the natural environment. This reduction decreases the capacity of rivers to transport water and sediments to the ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the consequences of fast exploitation of forests on wildlife?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The fast exploitation of forests leads to the loss of habitat for animals, which has serious consequences on the ecosystem. Biologically, the food chain is disturbed, several plants and animals die, and their reproduction is adversely affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does rapid urbanisation impact water resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Rapid urbanisation exerts enormous pressure on groundwater resources, leading to water scarcity problems. It also contributes to the contamination of groundwater, with more than 25% of groundwater being contaminated in some areas and over 75% in others. Additionally, surface water in the form of rivers, lakes, and ponds is overused and contaminated due to urbanisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain the impact of soil erosion in mining areas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Soil erosion is a significant problem in mining areas. Heavy mining removes forest cover, which leads to soil erosion. The rainwater goes waste as surface run-off and is not absorbed by the surface due to the absence of vegetation. This results in the defacement of land, and such areas are often termed ghost towns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why is the whaling industry declining rapidly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The whaling industry has witnessed a sharp decline because of the rapid and unwise exploitation of whales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does commercial agriculture affect soil health?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Commercial agriculture affects soil health in the following ways: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Farmers concentrate more on high-yielding varieties, leading to the neglect of agriculture residue and fodder crops.<br>(ii) Most farmers burn agricultural residue in the fields after harvesting the crop, which negatively impacts soil health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Describe the adverse effects of burning agricultural residues.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The adverse effects of burning agricultural residues are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Burning agricultural residue pollutes the soil as well as the water sources of the area.<br>(ii) Soluble forms of nitrogen leach down to groundwater and add to pollution.<br>(iii) Continuous burning leads to the loss of nutrients in the soil, which harms its fertility and health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How does population growth lead to deforestation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Population growth leads to deforestation because as the human population grows, more food is required, and consequently, more area has to be brought under cultivation. This is achieved by removing forests. At some places, forests are deliberately burnt to use the area for cultivation immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why are satellite towns created by governments?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Satellite towns are created by governments to release the burden of increasing population in cities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain the environmental consequences of forest depletion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The environmental consequences of forest depletion include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Loss of habitat for animals, which has serious consequences on the ecosystem.<br>(ii) Disturbance in the food chain, leading to several plants and animals dying and their reproduction being adversely affected.<br>(iii) A fall in photosynthesis activity, reduced release of oxygen, and decreased absorption of carbon dioxide.<br>(iv) Reduced formation of various organic acids during the decomposition of fallen leaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the physical consequences of forest depletion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The physical consequences of forest depletion are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Defacement of land, as the land becomes barren after the removal of forests.<br>(ii) Excessive soil erosion due to the absence of vegetation cover.<br>(iii) Loss of habitat for various organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Describe the chemical impacts of forest removal?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The chemical impacts of forest removal are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) A fall in photosynthesis activity, leading to reduced release of oxygen and decreased absorption of carbon dioxide.<br>(ii) A reduction in the formation of various organic acids during the decomposition of fallen leaves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Discuss ethical concerns associated with the depletion of forests.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Ethically, the depletion of forests is not advisable because it involves the irrational use of natural resources without caring for future generations. The fast exploitation of forests due to rocketing population growth leads to excessive cutting of trees, which disturbs ecosystems, destroys habitats, and breaks food chains. Additionally, the removal of forests results in barren land, loss of habitat for organisms, reduced photosynthesis activity, decreased oxygen release, and increased carbon dioxide levels, all of which severely affect the environment and future sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. List the minerals commonly used in industries due to rapid industrialisation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The minerals commonly used in industries due to rapid industrialisation include iron, manganese, copper, tin, bauxite, zinc, limestone, marble, slate, and granite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain how cities contribute to freshwater exhaustion.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Cities contribute to freshwater exhaustion because they are places where there is maximum freshwater usage. Millions of people live in one big city, exerting enormous pressure on groundwater resources and leading to water scarcity problems. It is estimated that more than 25% of groundwater has been contaminated, and in some areas, contamination exceeds 75%. Additionally, surface water in the form of rivers, lakes, and ponds is overused and contaminated. The construction of dams further reduces the capacity of rivers to transport water and sediments to the ocean, significantly interfering with the natural environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Describe the environmental consequences of building dams on rivers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The environmental consequences of building dams on rivers include: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Dams reduce the capacity of rivers to transport water and sediments to the ocean, which is considered a significant interference in the natural environment. <br>(ii) Most rivers have been dammed, with over 36,000 dams worldwide having a height of more than 15 meters, affecting their natural flow and ecological balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain why farmers increasingly rely on fertilisers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Farmers increasingly rely on fertilisers because: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) To enhance agricultural production, the soil is overused, and after every crop harvest, it needs time to replenish its nutrients. However, farmers do not leave the soil fallow even for a short period. <br>(ii) After harvesting one crop, another crop is immediately planted, leading to nutrient depletion in the soil. <br>(iii) The loss of nutrients in the soil is compensated by adding fertilizers. <br>(iv) Continuous use of fertilizers is increasing daily to meet the rising demand for higher agricultural yields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How do high-yielding crop varieties influence agricultural practices?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: High-yielding crop varieties influence agricultural practices as follows: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Farmers are increasingly focusing on commercial agriculture and concentrating more on high-yielding crop varieties, which has led to the neglect of agriculture residue and fodder crops. <br>(ii) Most farmers burn agricultural residue in the fields after harvesting the main crop, ignoring its potential economic and environmental benefits. <br>(iii) Agricultural residue, if used properly, can serve as fodder for animals and raw material in agro-based industries and the paper industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Why are some regions overutilised while others remain under-utilised?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Some regions are overutilised while others remain under-utilised because the distribution of natural resources over the Earth is not uniform. This unequal distribution poses many problems in the utilisation of resources, leading to some areas being overused and others remaining under-utilised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Discuss how rapid urban expansion contributes to resource depletion.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: Rapid urban expansion contributes to resource depletion in the following ways: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Urbanisation associated with industrialisation brought changes like alteration in land use, pollution, and the formation of slums. <br>(ii) As the human population grows, cities expand and cross their administrative boundaries, sometimes merging adjoining towns into a single urban area. <br>(iii) Increasing urban centres release pressure from growing populations by creating satellite towns. <br>(iv) Migration of people from rural to urban areas is a major cause of urban growth, which increases demand for resources. <br>(v) Growing urbanisation alters land-use patterns, further contributing to resource depletion as more land is brought under construction or cultivation to meet rising demands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Explain the various impacts of forest depletion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The various impacts of forest depletion are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) The fast exploitation of forests is the result of rocketing population growth. As the population increases, the demand for wood also increases because it is the major building material.<br>(ii) The clear-cutting technique of felling trees is very harmful as it allows the trees of an area to be removed abruptly. It makes the soil naked and leads to excessive soil erosion.<br>(iii) The loss of habitat for animals is another demerit of this technique, which has serious consequences on the ecosystem.<br>(iv) Physically, the removal of forests gives a bad shape to the land because the land becomes barren, besides the loss of habitat for various organisms.<br>(v) Chemically, the environment is affected because of the fall in photosynthesis activity, the fall in the release of oxygen, and the absorption of carbon dioxide, besides the fall in the formation of various organic acids during the decomposition of fallen leaves, etc.<br>(vi) Biologically, the food chain is disturbed, several plants and animals die, and their reproduction is adversely affected.<br>(vii) Ethically, it is not advisable because we indulge in irrational use of natural resources and do not care for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What are the environmental and economic effects of agricultural residue burning?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The environmental and economic effects of agricultural residue burning are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Burning agricultural residue in the fields after harvesting the crop pollutes the environment by releasing harmful gases and particulate matter into the atmosphere.<br>(ii) Agricultural residue has economic dividends as it can be used as fodder for animals and as raw material in agro-based industries and the paper industry. Burning it results in the loss of these economic benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Describe the challenges faced by India due to non-uniform distribution of natural resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The challenges faced by India due to the non-uniform distribution of natural resources are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) Unequal distribution leads to heavy transportation costs, as areas that have a scarcity of minerals must import them from other regions. <br>(ii) India has very short reserves of petroleum and natural gas, leading to dependence on imports from the Middle East to fulfill its requirements. <br>(iii) Regions with less rainfall rely heavily on groundwater for irrigation, which results in the depletion of the underground water table. <br>(iv) Unequal distribution of resources causes disputes, especially over shared natural resources like rivers that cross political boundaries of states or countries. For example, disputes arise over the sharing of water from rivers such as the Cauveri, which passes through Tamil Nadu and Kerala, and issues like the Satluj-Yamuna Link Canal between Punjab and Haryana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>32. How has the industrial revolution affected resource depletion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer <\/strong>: The industrial revolution has affected resource depletion in the following ways: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(i) All industries require raw materials, most of which are obtained from agriculture or mining. <br>(ii) Mineral-based industries exhaust minerals at a rapid rate, leading to the fast depletion of resources like coal, iron-ore, mica, and petroleum. <br>(iii) Urbanization associated with the industrial revolution brought changes such as altered land use, pollution, and the growth of slums. <br>(iv) Energy requirements for industries are met by burning fossil fuels, contributing to pollution and resource exhaustion. <br>(v) Many countries shifted from an agricultural base to an industrial base for their economies, further accelerating resource consumption. <br>(vi) The industrial revolution, which began in the 18th century in England, marked a shift where goods previously made in homes or small workshops were now manufactured in large industries using machines, dramatically increasing production and resource depletion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Additional_MCQs\"><strong>Additional MCQs<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. What does resource depletion refer to?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Fast consumption<br>B. Slow consumption<br>C. Balanced usage<br>D. Natural growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Fast consumption<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is overuse of resources?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Excess consumption<br>B. Minimal usage<br>C. Sustainable use<br>D. Regulated use<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Excess consumption<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which technique is harmful by removing trees abruptly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Clear cutting<br>B. Controlled felling<br>C. Natural harvesting<br>D. Selective logging<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Clear cutting<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is a consequence of clear cutting?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Soil erosion<br>B. Reforestation<br>C. Habitat gain<br>D. Soil enrichment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Soil erosion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which activity disrupts the ecosystem in mining areas?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Heavy mining<br>B. Controlled mining<br>C. Manual mining<br>D. Sustainable mining<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Heavy mining<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. How long do minerals take to form?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Millions of years<br>B. Thousands of years<br>C. Hundreds of years<br>D. Decades<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Millions of years<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What percentage of ocean water is saline?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 97%<br>B. 90%<br>C. 75%<br>D. 100%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. 97%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which source is the major supply of water to man?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Groundwater<br>B. Rainwater<br>C. Sea water<br>D. Ice water<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Groundwater<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the study of soil types called?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Pedology<br>B. Biology<br>C. Geology<br>D. Ecology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Pedology<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which mineral is used as a building material?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Limestone<br>B. Copper<br>C. Iron<br>D. Tin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Limestone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which agricultural practice depletes soil nutrients?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Continuous cropping<br>B. Crop rotation<br>C. Fallow period<br>D. Organic farming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Continuous cropping<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does non-equitable distribution lead to?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. High cost<br>B. Low cost<br>C. Equal use<br>D. Balanced flow<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. High cost<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which country imports all minerals due to scarcity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Japan<br>B. India<br>C. China<br>D. Brazil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Japan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which river dispute is mentioned?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Cauveri<br>B. Ganges<br>C. Nile<br>D. Amazon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Cauveri<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does technological development cause?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Fast consumption<br>B. Slow usage<br>C. Reduced demand<br>D. Balanced use<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Fast consumption<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. When did the Industrial Revolution begin?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 18th century<br>B. 19th century<br>C. 17th century<br>D. 20th century<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. 18th century<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which engine burns fuel efficiently with noise?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Diesel engine<br>B. Gasoline engine<br>C. Electric engine<br>D. Steam engine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Diesel engine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which activity results in the fastest depletion of minerals?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Heavy mining<br>B. Urbanisation<br>C. Slow usage<br>D. Minimal mining<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Heavy mining<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What effect does population growth have on demand?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Increases demand<br>B. Decreases demand<br>C. No effect<br>D. Balances demand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Increases demand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which practice causes groundwater contamination?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Excess fertilisers<br>B. Crop rotation<br>C. Organic farming<br>D. Fallow period<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Excess fertilisers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which impact is linked to clear cutting?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Habitat loss<br>B. Reforestation<br>C. Biodiversity gain<br>D. Soil improvement<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Habitat loss<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which process disturbs the forest food chain?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Clear cutting<br>B. Controlled logging<br>C. Sustainable use<br>D. Replanting<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Clear cutting<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What term describes defaced mining land?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Ghost town<br>B. Urban sprawl<br>C. Farmland<br>D. Green zone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Ghost town<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the main cause of resource overuse?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rising population<br>B. Economic slowdown<br>C. Technological halt<br>D. Seasonal change<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Rising population<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which process replenishes water slowly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Natural recharge<br>B. Artificial refill<br>C. Rapid usage<br>D. Quick absorption<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Natural recharge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. In some areas, groundwater contamination exceeds which level?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. 75%<br>B. 25%<br>C. 50%<br>D. 90%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. 75%<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does silviculture study?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Forests<br>B. Soil<br>C. Minerals<br>D. Water<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Forests<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which resource is needed for urban construction?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Building materials<br>B. Fertilisers<br>C. Pesticides<br>D. Water<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Building materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which method compensates for soil nutrient loss?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Adding fertiliser<br>B. Burning residue<br>C. Over-cropping<br>D. Crop rotation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Adding fertiliser<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which practice pollutes soil and water?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Excess fertiliser<br>B. Organic compost<br>C. Crop rotation<br>D. Fallowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Excess fertiliser<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does continuous industrialisation result in?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Rapid depletion<br>B. Slow usage<br>C. Balanced use<br>D. Sustainable growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Rapid depletion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is a consequence of damming rivers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Reduced sediment<br>B. Increased fish<br>C. Enhanced flow<br>D. Improved quality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Reduced sediment<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What does over-exploitation mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Excess usage<br>B. Minimal usage<br>C. Balanced use<br>D. Regulated use<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Excess usage<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which sector depends on soil nutrients?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Agriculture<br>B. Industry<br>C. Mining<br>D. Urban<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Agriculture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which factor accelerates resource depletion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Population growth<br>B. Population decline<br>C. Reduced demand<br>D. Reforestation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Population growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What change accompanies urban expansion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Altered landuse<br>B. Increased forests<br>C. Reduced pollution<br>D. Stable boundaries<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Altered landuse<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which method causes irreversible forest damage?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Clear cutting<br>B. Selective logging<br>C. Controlled use<br>D. Regulated felling<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Clear cutting<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which action reduces groundwater recharge?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Vegetation removal<br>B. Rain harvesting<br>C. Soil conservation<br>D. Controlled irrigation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Vegetation removal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which use benefits from agriculture residue?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Fodder use<br>B. Burning<br>C. Dumping<br>D. Neglect<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Fodder use<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which industry uses chemicals from forests?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Leather tanning<br>B. Textile<br>C. Automobile<br>D. Electronics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Leather tanning<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which depletion disrupts the food chain?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Forest depletion<br>B. Mineral depletion<br>C. Water depletion<br>D. Soil depletion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Forest depletion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which process in mining contributes to erosion?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Surface run-off<br>B. Vegetation cover<br>C. Artificial recharge<br>D. Controlled extraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Surface run-off<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What happens to organic acid formation in depleted forests?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Decreases<br>B. Increases<br>C. Remains<br>D. Stabilises<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Decreases<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which country has short petroleum reserves?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. India<br>B. Japan<br>C. China<br>D. Brazil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is a key environmental consequence of clear cutting?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Soil erosion<br>B. Water saving<br>C. Habitat gain<br>D. Air cleansing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Soil erosion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which activity leads to land defacement?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Heavy mining<br>B. Sustainable mining<br>C. Controlled logging<br>D. Organic farming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Heavy mining<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. What is the major source of freshwater?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Groundwater<br>B. Rivers<br>C. Lakes<br>D. Rainwater<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Groundwater<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which agricultural practice pollutes the soil?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Fertiliser use<br>B. Organic farming<br>C. Crop rotation<br>D. Fallowing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Fertiliser use<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q. Which process is affected by reduced photosynthesis?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Oxygen production<br>B. Carbon absorption<br>C. Soil creation<br>D. Mineral extraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Oxygen production<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>50. What causes cities to expand beyond boundaries?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Population growth<br>B. Regulation<br>C. Reforestation<br>D. Stability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A. Population growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Get summaries, questions, answers, solutions, notes, extras, PDF and guide of Chapter 8 Causes of Depletion of Resources, NBSE Class 9 Environmental Education textbook, which is part of the syllabus of students studying under Nagaland Board. These solutions, however, should only be treated as references and can be modified\/changed. Summary Natural resources are things we&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/causes-of-depletion-of-resources-nbse\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Causes of Depletion of Resources: NBSE Class 9 Environment<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1044,"featured_media":22441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,34],"tags":[28,1063,10,75,48,42,12,13,36,38],"class_list":["post-22420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nagaland","category-notes","tag-answers","tag-causes-of-depletion-of-resources","tag-class-9","tag-environmental-education","tag-hsslc","tag-nagaland","tag-nagaland-board","tag-nbse","tag-questions","tag-summary","entry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22420"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30368,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22420\/revisions\/30368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mockupbw.site\/2025\/onlinefreenotes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}